With the upsurge in terrorism and with it, blast threats, there is growing interest in manufacturing blast-hardened structures and retrofitting blast mitigation materials to existing structures. Composites provide the ideal material for blast protection as they can be engineered to give different levels of protection by varying the reinforcements and matrices.
Part one discusses general technical issues covering topics such as blast threats and types of blast damage, processing polymer matrix composites for blast protection, standards and specifications for composite blast protection materials, high energy absorbing composite materials for blast resistant design, modeling the blast response of hybrid laminated composite plates and the response of composite panels to blast wave pressure loadings.
Part two reviews applications including ceramic matrix composites for ballistic protection of vehicles and personnel, using composites to protect military vehicles from mine blasts, blast protection of buildings using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites, using composites in blast resistant walls for offshore, naval and defense related structures, using composites to improve the blast resistance of columns in buildings, retrofitting using fiber reinforced polymer composites for blast protection of buildings and retrofitting to improve the blast response of concrete masonry walls.
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Collection of selected papers on current advances in high performance construction materials. Contributions deal with the development, characterization, application procedures, performance and structural design of materials with key potential in civil engineering works. Materials treated are fibre reinforced concrete, high performance concrete, self compacting concrete and novel combinations of these. For researchers, practitioners, consultants, contractors and suppliers.
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Building Codes Illustrated: A Guide to Understanding the 2012 International Building Code
Author: Francis D. K. Ching, Steven R. Winkel | Size: 11 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Wiley | Year: 2012 | pages: 448 | ISBN: 9780470903575
The new 4th edition of Building Codes Illustrated is aimed at two audiences. The first is students and emerging professionals who are just learning to use the building code. The second audience is more experienced practitioners looking to validate their interpretations of code sections and to familiarize themselves with changes made in the new 2012 International Building Code. The new 4th edition of Building Codes Illustrated uses graphics, the language of designers, to elaborate on the book’s text to clarify code intent and requirements for code users. Below are trends I noticed while revising the 4th Edition text to accompany the wonderful illustrations of Francis D.K. Ching. These are just a few examples of the many changes to be found in the new code.
One trend in code revisions today is to make changes to “clarify” the code. These changes often involve not only rewording sections, but reorganizing the order of various sections. Section number changes make it very hard to find items based on remembering section numbers from old codes. In my code consulting practice I advise designers to never do code work from memory. While the code text indicates in the margins where sections have been deleted, it gives no guidance about whether the section has just been moved, or wholly deleted. This book gives guidance for such changes.
Outpatient medical care occurs increasingly in facilities not located in traditional health-care centers. It is becoming common to find outpatient surgical procedures happening in tenant spaces. New requirements in Section 422 address fire separations of these medical spaces from adjacent tenants where the patients may be rendered unconscious or unable to move readily in an emergency. Examples of facilities that could be covered by these provisions are laser vision clinics and kidney dialysis treatment centers.
The code requirements for fire protection of overhangs located close to a property line have always been confusing. There are revised code provisions for how to measure and protect overhangs that are accompanied by new illustrations in our book.
Open “exit” stairs were relocated in the Mean of Egress Chapter, IBC Chapter 10, from the Exit section in Section 1022 to be “exit access stairs” in Section 1016 in the 2009 International Building Code, as illustrated in the 3rd Edition of our book. This revision was revised yet again in the 2012 code into requirements for open and enclosed stairs in Section 1009, as illustrated in the 4th Edition.
Guard rail heights in R-3 occupancies and inside R-2 occupancies have been reduced in an Exception to Section 1013.3 to 36 inches from the 42 inch height previously required. This aligns the IBC with the International Residential Code requirements for one and two family dwellings.
There are numerous other changes described and illustrated in the new 4th edition of Building Codes Illustrated.
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Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures
Author: O. Büyüköztürk, M. Taşdemir, O. Güneş, Y. Akkaya Editors | Size: 43.55 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Springer | Year: 2013 | pages: 1130 | ISBN: 9789400707238
Condition assessment and characterization of materials and structures by means of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods is a priority need around the world to meet the challenges associated with the durability, maintenance, rehabilitation, retrofitting, renewal and health monitoring of new and existing infrastructures including historic monuments. Numerous NDT methods that make use of certain components of the electromagnetic and acoustic spectra are currently in use to this effect with various levels of success and there is an intensive worldwide research effort aimed at improving the existing methods and developing new ones. The knowledge and information compiled in this book captures the current state-of-the-art in NDT methods and their application to civil and other engineering materials and structures. Critical reviews and advanced interdisciplinary discussions by world-renowned researchers point to the capabilities and limitations of the currently used NDT methods and shed light on current and future research directions to overcome the challenges in their development and practical use. In this respect, the contents of this book will equally benefit practicing engineers and researchers who take part in characterization, assessment, evaluation and health monitoring of materials and structures.
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hello
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Article/eBook Full Name: ASTM E2126 - 11 Standard Test Methods for Cyclic (Reversed) Load Test for Shear Resistance of Vertical Elements of the Lateral Force Resisting Systems for Buildings
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PLASTIC buckling of plates and shells has been worked out by Bijlaard, Ilyushin, Stowell, Handelman and Prager, Gerard and others. Some investigators have assumed deformation type stress-strain laws while others have used incremental type (flow type) stress-strain laws. The present work is an extension of the work started by Gerard along the lines initiated by Stowell.
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Plastic buckling of cylindrical shells under biaxial loading
Author: J. J. Giezen, C. D. Babcock, J. Singer | Size: 758 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Springer | Year: 1991 | pages: 7
he predictions for plastic buckling of shells are significantly affected by the plasticity model employed, in particular in the case of nonproportional loading. A series of experiments on plastic buckling of cylindrical aluminum alloy shells under biaxial loading (external pressure and axial tension), with well-defined loading and boundary conditions, was therefore carried out to provide experimental data for evaluation of the suitability of different, plasticity models. In the experiments, initial imperfections and their growth under load were measured and special attention was paid to buckling detection and load path control. The Southwell plot was applied with success to smooth the results. The results show that axial tension decreases resistance to buckling under external pressure in the plastic region due to ‘softening’ of the material behavior. Comparison with numerical calculations usingJ 2 deformation and incremental theories indicate that both theories do not predict correctly plastic buckling under nonproportional loading.
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For elastic-plastic cylindrical shells with initial axisymmetric imperfections bifurcation into a non-axisymmetric shape is analysed. The shell material is represented by a phenomenological plasticity theory that accounts for the formation of a vertex on subsequent yield surfaces. The influence of various geometric and material parameters is investigated for a wide range of radius-to-thickness ratios. It is shown that for the thicker shells bifurcation generally occurs beyond the maximum axial compressive load. A few analyses for shells with additional non-axisymmetric imperfections show the unstable post-bifurcation behaviour and the sensitivity to imperfections of more general shapes.
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This paper focuses on the buckling of cylindrical shells with small thickness variations. Two important cases of thickness variation pattern are considered. Asymptotic formulas up to the second order of the thickness variation parameter ε are derived by the combination of the perturbation and weighted residual methods. The expressions obtained in this study reduce to Koiter's formulas, when only the first-order term of the thickness variation parameter is retained in the analysis. Results from the asymptotic formulas are compared with those obtained through the purely numerical techniques of the finite difference method and the shooting method.
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