ETABS MODELING ACCORDING TO EUROCODES

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Seismic performance of RC frames with concentric internal steel bracing

Analysis of beams on nonlinear winkler foundation

Enhancing the Capacity of Concrete Bridges

Enhancing the capacity of concrete bridges, published by the Concrete Bridge Development Group, covers reinforced and prestressed concrete highway and railway bridges and masonry arch bridges. The different types of strengthening available to industry are comprehensively covered. In many cases repair will be required before strengthening can be undertaken, but this report does not cover repair as such and reference must be made to other documents that discuss repairs in more detail. The main emphasis is on the contractor and site operations so that it can be used as a working document. The report covers buildability, contractual issues, traffic management and delay, safety, etc, which are often a major consideration in the choice of strengthening options. Design aspects are only covered briefly, but designers and owners will find a comprehensive list of strengthening methods that may provide more scope for solving their particular problems.

The total or partial replacement of a bridge is probably the ultimate solution, but it is also the most costly. The benefits and cost of various strengthening options are presented and contrasted with those of replacement. The strengthening of concrete structures was a relatively difficult operation until the developments of recent years, which have opened up a range of new possibilities. In any structure the quantity of prestressing steel and reinforcement is designed to meet the original loads to be applied, and until recently there were few options or strategies for changing that proportion. However, the introduction of advanced composite materials has opened up new strategies where the advantages of these materials can be exploited to the full.

The range of intervention using the strengthening options can extend from the minimal (do nothing) to complete replacement of the structure. Some of the early options contained in the report can be described more as gaining strength from the existing structure rather than as pure strengthening. At the other end of the scale methods are described which involve major reconstruction of parts of the bridge, where it is difficult to decide at what point strengthening stops and reconstruction begins. In many cases it is economic to save as much of the structure as possible, but more often the overriding factor is how the existing structure can be given additional strength to carry modern-day loads with minimal disruption to the traffic carried over or under the bridge.

Theory of Plates and Shells

This book presents the classical theory of plates and shells, which is essential for a structural engineer. Though a number of finite element packages are used by design engineers, to get an idea of the structural behaviour and to be skilled in the same field, one must be proficient in classical method. Keeping the above point in view, the author hopes that M.Tech. Structural Engineering students will accept this as useful textbook on the subject of theory of plates and shells.

Integral Concrete Bridges to Eurocode 2

This guide describes the design of a two-span integral concrete bridge, comprising precast pretensioned concrete beams with a reinforced concrete in-situ deck, to the relevant European Standards - applied in accordance with their UK National Annexes.

The guidance given in this publication is with respect to pretensioned concrete but the difference in the approach between BS 5400 and BS EN 1992-2, which generally treats prestressed and reinforced concrete in the same way, means that some of the guidance given in this document is equally valid in the design of a reinforced concrete or post-tensioned concrete bridge structure.

Guidance on the Assessment of Concrete Bridges

This publication contains guidance on a variety of topics related to the assessment of concrete bridges. Following the publication of BD21 in 1984, bridge assessment has become an increasingly-important function in the UK as the post-war generation of concrete bridges ages and has more demands placed upon it. Nevertheless, it is recognised that sub-standard bridges still exist and are in need of proper and professional assessment in order to maintain a healthy and safe national bridge stock. The purpose of this publication is to both record the experiences of the past and to offer examples of best practice for the future. It covers a wide range of topics and is well-illustrated.