DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS TO EUROCODE 3 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Author: Watford, September 2003 Building Research Establishment, Ltd. | Size: 10 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2003
Developments in the design, fabrication and erection of steel structures together with
the introduction of new high performance materials have lead to significant changes in the design,
buildability and performance of steel structures and in particular their connections. Early steel
structures used riveted connections but following technological developments shop welded and site
bolted connections are now common place. The introduction of high strength steels has increased the
types and grades of bolt available to the designer. The range of bolts now includes ordinary strength
steels bolts such as grades 4.5, 4.6 and 5.6 and high strength steel bolts such as grades 8.8, 10.9 and
12.9. Developments in automatic fabrication have seen a move away from manually produced
drawings and setting out to sophisticated design software directly connected to numerically controlled
machines for laser cutting, punching and drilling. The quality of welding has also improved with the
introduction of continuous casting of steel and welding robots.
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Analysis and design of the prototype of a steel 1-MW wind turbine tower
Author: Lavassas, G. Nikolaidis, P. Zervas, E. Efthimiou, I.N. Doudoumis, C.C. Baniotopoulos∗ | Size: 0.85 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Engineering Structures 25 (2003) 1097–1106
In the present paper, some basic features of the analysis and the design of the prototype of a steel 1 MW wind turbine tower
are presented. The structure is 44,075 m high and has a tubular shape with variable cross section and variable thickness of the wall
along its height. The steelwork has been manufactured by steel quality S355J2G3. For the simulation of its structural response,
two different finite element models have been developed. Based on the results of the latter analyses, the design of the steel tower
for gravity, seismic and wind loadings has been performed according to the relevant Eurocodes. In particular, regarding seismic
loading, a dynamic phasmatic analysis of the tower has been carried out according to the Greek Antiseismic Code (EAK 2000).
The structure has been also checked against fatigue by applying the respective Eurocodes methodology. In the last part of the paper,
some points that concern the previous analysis and the respective design procedure are discussed in detail.
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This paper presents an innovative structural system, named weld-free system,
developed to overcome the difficulty in the quality assurance encountered in
construction of steel moment resisting frames with conventional welded connections.
The proposed structural system adopts a mechanical joint equipped with metallicyielding
damper as beam-to-column connection, wherein slip-critical joints are made by
recently developed super high-strength bolts. The structural configuration and loadcarrying
mechanism of the weld-free system are described herein. Key features of the
super high-strength bolts are also introduced. Consequently, two series of experimental
verifications of weld-free steel structures are presented. The first series was conducted
on three full-scale models of weld-free beam-column subassemblies and one base-line
specimen with conventional welded connection. The second series was performed on
the whole full-scale three-story weld-free building. The two test series clearly reveal the
efficiency of the weld-free system in enhancing large and stable hysteresis loops, while
beams and columns above the base can be proportioned to remain elastic under the
design earthquakes.
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Author: M. J . N. Priestley J . H. Wood and B. J . Davidson | Size: 3.6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: BULLETI N O F TH E NEW ZEALAN D NATIONA L SOCIET Y FOR EARTHQUAK E ENGINEERING, Vol. 19, No. 4, December 1986
A study group of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering has recently completed recommendations for the Seismic Design of Storage Tanks, in a form suitable to be used as a code by the design profession. The recommendations cover design criteria, loading, actions and details and are based on a consistant philosophy of serviceability under the design level earthquake. This paper provides a review of the study group's recommendations.
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Article/eBook Full Name: Horizontal Response of Piles in Layered Soils
Author(s): Gazetas, G. and Dobry, R
Edition: Volume 110, Issue 1
Publish Date: 1984
ISBN: ISSN (print): 0733-9410
Published By: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
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Seismic Analysis and Design of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks
Author: Lisa Yunxia Wang | Size: 0.15 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: California State Polytechnic University Pomona | Year: 2005 | pages: 7
Practicing engineers face many issues and challenges on the design and seismic evaluation of liquid storage tanks.
These challenges are generally either in the application of the current design codes and standards, or in choosing an
appropriate design method. This paper addresses the design issues on the liquid storage tanks especially on the steel tanks, and
the application of the ANSI/AWWA D-100 standard on the design of ground steel tanks.
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Earthquakes are natural phenomena, which cause the ground to shake. The earth’s
interior is hot and in a molten state. As the lava comes to the surface, it cools and new
land is formed. The lands so formed have to continuously keep drifting to allow new
material to surface. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the entire surface of the
earth can be considered to be like several plates, constantly on the move. These plates
brush against each other or collide at their boundaries giving rise to earthquakes.
Therefore regions close to the plate boundary are highly seismic and regions farther from
the boundaries exhibit less seismicity. Earthquakes may also be caused by other actions
such as underground explosions.
The Indian sub-continent, which forms part of the Indo-Australian plate, is pushing
against the Eurasian plate along the Himalayan belt. Therefore, the Himalayan belt is
highly seismic whereas peninsular India, which is not traversed by any plate boundary, is
relatively less seismic. Earthquakes became frequent after the construction of Koyna dam
and this is regarded as a classic case of man-made seismicity. However, the Latur
earthquake of 1993, which occurred in what was previously considered to be the most
stable region on the earth implies that no region is entirely safe from devastating
earthquakes.
Earthquakes cause the ground to shake violently thereby triggering landslides, creating
floods, causing the ground to heave and crack and causing large-scale destruction to life
and property. The study of why and where earthquakes occur comes under geology. The
study of the characteristics of the earthquake ground motion and its effects on engineered
structures are the subjects of earthquake engineering. In particular, the effect of
earthquakes on structures and the design of structures to withstand earthquakes with no or
minimum damage is the subject of earthquake resistant structural design. The secondary
effects on structures, due to floods and landslides are generally outside its scope.
The recent earthquake in Kutch, Gujarat on 26 Jan 2001 has not only exposed the
weaknesses in the Indian construction industry but also the lack of knowledge about
earthquake engineering among all concerned. Taking advantage of the fear caused by the
earthquake in the minds of both the common people and the engineering community, a
number of people who have no knowledge about earthquake engineering have made
totally absurd statements with regard to earthquake resistant design. Examples are given
below:
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SEISMIC LATERAL FORCE DISTRIBUTION FOR DUCTILITY-BASED DESIGN OF STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS
Author: SWAPNIL B. KHARMALE and SIDDHARTHA GHOSH | Size: 3.6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay | Year: 2011 | pages: 24
The thin unstiffened steel plate shear wall (SPSW) system has now emerged as a promising
lateral load resisting system. Considering performance-based design requirements,
a ductility-based design was recently proposed for SPSW systems. It was felt that a
detailed and closer look into the aspect of seismic lateral force distribution was necessary
in this method. An investigation toward finding a suitable lateral force distribution
for ductility-based design of SPSW is presented in this paper. The investigation is based
on trial designs for a variety of scenarios where five common lateral force distributions
are considered. The effectiveness of an assumed trial distribution is measured primarily
on the basis of how closely the design achieves the target ductility ratio, which is measured
in terms of the roof displacement. All trial distributions are found to be almost
equally effective. Therefore, the use of any commonly adopted lateral force distribution
is recommended for plastic design of SPSW systems.
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ROTATION CAPACITY AND OVERSTRENGTH OF STEEL MEMBERS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
Author: Manuela Brescia | Size: 3.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: iversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Facoltà di Ingegneria Dottorato di Ricerca in Ingegneria delle Costruzioni | pages: 214
Earthquake is generally considered the most destructive and frightening of all
forces of nature. It consists in sudden slippages or movements in a portion of the earth’s crust accompanied by a series of vibrations. After shocks with similar or minor intensity can follow the main quake. Earthquakes can occur at any time of the day, of the week, of the month and of the year. Every day small ground motions are registered in some parts of the world, but they have generally small intensities and do not cause great damages, while every year two or three strong earthquakes fill the mass media with dramatic accounts of human losses. Geologists have identified regions where earthquakes are likely to occur. With the increasing population of the world and urban migration trends, higher death tolls and greater property losses are more likely in many areas prone to earthquakes. At least 70 million people face significant risk of death or injury from earthquakes because they live in the 39 states that are seismically active. Deaths and injuries derived form earthquakes, vary according to a lot of factors, one of the most important is safety of structure in which people live. Often the real tragedy is that human losses are due not tothe earthquakes themselves but to the failure of the constructions. Actually, seismic design has brought a lot of progress into the engineering practice. The current work has the purpose to furnish a small contribute to the difficult topic of the structural behaviour under seismic actions. The attention is focused on Steel Moment Resisting Frames and in particular on the Member behaviour. Starting form the assumption that in modern design practice it is generally accepted that steel is an excellent material for seismic-resistant structures because of its strength, ductility and capability to withstanding substantial inelastic deformations, an experimental campaign on steel beams has been made. The principal scope of the work has been the revision of the
classification criteria of steel members actually adopted by seismic codes and the introduction of a new criterion which takes into account the principal factors that influence the structural response.
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