EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - Printable Version +- Civil Engineering Association (https://forum.civilea.com) +-- Forum: eBooks (https://forum.civilea.com/forum-63.html) +--- Forum: Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (https://forum.civilea.com/forum-51.html) +--- Thread: EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES (/thread-44462.html) |
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Earthquakes are natural phenomena, which cause the ground to shake. The earth’s interior is hot and in a molten state. As the lava comes to the surface, it cools and new land is formed. The lands so formed have to continuously keep drifting to allow new material to surface. According to the theory of plate tectonics, the entire surface of the earth can be considered to be like several plates, constantly on the move. These plates brush against each other or collide at their boundaries giving rise to earthquakes. Therefore regions close to the plate boundary are highly seismic and regions farther from the boundaries exhibit less seismicity. Earthquakes may also be caused by other actions such as underground explosions. The Indian sub-continent, which forms part of the Indo-Australian plate, is pushing against the Eurasian plate along the Himalayan belt. Therefore, the Himalayan belt is highly seismic whereas peninsular India, which is not traversed by any plate boundary, is relatively less seismic. Earthquakes became frequent after the construction of Koyna dam and this is regarded as a classic case of man-made seismicity. However, the Latur earthquake of 1993, which occurred in what was previously considered to be the most stable region on the earth implies that no region is entirely safe from devastating earthquakes. Earthquakes cause the ground to shake violently thereby triggering landslides, creating floods, causing the ground to heave and crack and causing large-scale destruction to life and property. The study of why and where earthquakes occur comes under geology. The study of the characteristics of the earthquake ground motion and its effects on engineered structures are the subjects of earthquake engineering. In particular, the effect of earthquakes on structures and the design of structures to withstand earthquakes with no or minimum damage is the subject of earthquake resistant structural design. The secondary effects on structures, due to floods and landslides are generally outside its scope. The recent earthquake in Kutch, Gujarat on 26 Jan 2001 has not only exposed the weaknesses in the Indian construction industry but also the lack of knowledge about earthquake engineering among all concerned. Taking advantage of the fear caused by the earthquake in the minds of both the common people and the engineering community, a number of people who have no knowledge about earthquake engineering have made totally absurd statements with regard to earthquake resistant design. Examples are given below: Code: *************************************** |