Author: Donald O. Dusenberry | Size: 3.76 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. | Year: 2010 | pages: 486
The need for protection against the effects of explosions is not new. The use of explosive weaponry by the military necessitated resistive entrenchments ages ago. Industrialization of our societies well over a century ago meant that we intended to manufacture, store, handle, and use explosives in constructive ways. To support these military and industrial purposes, a relatively small group of designers have worked to devise ways to strengthen the blast resistance of our structures.
Early attempts at blast-resistance design necessarily relied on judgment, test, and trial-and-error construction to fin the best solutions. As technology improved, designers became better able to predict the influence of explosions and the resistive responses that they strove to impart into their designs. More recently, in the past several decades chemists, physicists, blast consultants, and structural engineers have been empowered by technologies and computational tools that have enhanced the precision of their analyses and the efficien y of their designs.
At the same time, the need has increased. The small contingent of designers skilled in the art and science of creating structural designs that will resist explosive forces has been joined by a larger group of architects, engineers, blast consultants, and security consultants who are trying to respond to the increasing concern from a broader group of clients who fear an exposure that they did not anticipate before and frequently did not bring upon themselves. Consultants who have never before had to assess risks, devise risk-reduction programs, provide security systems, establish design-base threats, calculate the pressures and impulses from explosions, and create cost-effective structural designs are being thrust into the process. Many are ill-trained to respond. There are several good references on some of the aspects of designing for blast resistance. Some of these references support military purposes or for other reasons have government-imposed restrictions against dissemination. As such, they are not widely available to consultants working in the private sector. Nearly all those references and the references that are public each treat an aspect of blast phenomenology, security systems, and structural design for blast resistance, but few, if any, bring together in one place discussions of the breadth of the issues that are important for competent designs. Consultants are forced to collect a library of references and extract from each the salient information that they then synthesize into a comprehensive design approach.
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This paper presents the application of relation diagram method (RDM) to determine contribution of the parameters affected
on the blast induced ground vibration. There are two types of parameters: controllable and uncontrollable parameters. The study focused on controllable parameters. The more effective parameters for ground vibration at the point of interest are ground vibration in the point of blast (PPV in-blast) and geological structures. The more effective parameters for the ground vibration at the point of blast are explosive amount per delay, burden and stemming. If desired fragmentation is obtained from the blast, then geological structures should be modified by creating artificial discontinuities. If one desires to reduce the level of vibration in the point of blast,
then the following parameters should be modified ; explosive amount per delay, burden, stemming, and hole diameter.
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(AISC Video) Design Tips for Steel in Low or Moderate Seismic Regions - Dominic Kelly and Robert Tremblay
Size: 565 MB| Quality:VCD| Year:2009
This session will first provide design examples of different types of bracing systems for buildings whose seismic lateral forces were determined in Part One (An Introduction to Earthquake Engineering and Seismic Codes - Ductility) of this seminar. This session will then provide tips to structural engineers who design buildings in regions of low or moderate seismicity. The topics covered include determining site class and seismic design category, selecting a steel seismic-force-resisting system, and applying detailing requirements.
This seminar is presented by Dominic Kelly of Simpson Gupertz and Heger; and Robert Tremblay of Ecole Polytechnique.
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Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Structures subjected to Blast and Fragment Impacts
Author: JOOSEF LEPPÄNEN | Size: 1.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Department of Structural Engineering Concrete Structures CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2002 | Year: 2002
For protective structures, reinforced concrete is commonly used. Concrete structures
subjected to explosive loading in a combination of blast and fragments will have very
different response than statically loaded structure. During the blast and the fragment
impacts the structure will shake and vibrate, severe crushing of concrete occurs and a
crater forms (spalling) in the front of the concrete; for large penetration, scabbing may
occur at the backside of the wall, or even perforation, with a risk of injury for people
inside the structure.
This thesis is intended to increase the knowledge of reinforced concrete structures
subjected to explosive loading, i.e. effects of blast and fragmentation. A further aim is
to describe and use the non-linear finite element (FE) method for concrete penetration
analyses. Particular attention is given to dynamic loading, where the concrete
behaviour differs compared to static loading. The compressive and tensile strengths
increase due to the strain rate effects. Initial stiffness increases, and moreover the
concrete strain capacity is increased in dynamic loading.
Traditionally, for prediction of the depth of penetration and crater formation from
fragments and projectiles, empirical relationships are used, which are discussed here
together with the effects of the blast wave that is caused by the explosion.
To learn more about the structural behaviour of concrete subjected to severe loading,
a powerful tool is to combine advanced non-linear FE analyses and experiments. A
trustworthy model must be able to capture correct results from several experiments,
including both the depth of penetration and the crater size. In this thesis, FE analyses
of concrete penetration with steel projectiles have been performed and compared to
existing experimental results. By using the non-linear FE program AUTODYN, the
depth of penetration and crater sizing can be predicted.
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This publication was produced by the Department of Homeland Security,
Science and Technology Directorate, Infrastructure Protection and
Disaster Management Division.
The views, opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed
in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) or other Federal agencies. The publication of these views
by DHS does not confer any individual rights or cause of action against
the United States. Users of information in this publication assume all liability
from such use.
Hyperlinks to Web sites do not constitute endorsement by DHS of the
Web site or the information, products, or services contained therein.
DHS does not exercise any editorial control over the information on
non-DHS Web sites. Users must adhere to any intellectual property rights
contained in this publication or in material on hyperlinked Web sites.
All photographs and illustrations in this document were taken or created
by DHS or a DHS contractor, unless otherwise noted.
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Blast-Resistant Highway Bridges: Design and Detailing Guidelines
Author: Eric B. Williamson Oguzhan Bayrak G. Daniel Williams Carrie E. Davis UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Austin, TX Kirk A. Marchand Aldo E. McKay PROTECTION ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Dripping Springs, TX John Kulicki Wagdy Wassef MODJESKI AND MASTERS, INC. Mechanicsburg, PA | Size: 7.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M | Year: 2010 | pages: 152
There is a need to protect the nation’s bridges from intentional or accidental explosions. The impacts of these loads on buildings and military structures have been studied for many years, but design for resistance to explosive effects is a new area for bridge engineers. Much research and development has been done on the effectiveness of seismic strengthening details for buildings and bridges, and it has been suggested that these or similar bridge details, used in new construction or as a retrofit, may serve also to resist explosions and provide a predictable level of protection. There is a need to meld knowledge of seismic and extreme-event design for new and existing structures with the equally well-known field of blast-resistant design and the relatively new field of highway bridge blast-resistant design.
Under NCHRP Project 12-72, the research team was selected to develop design and detailing guidelines for improving the structural performance and resistance to explosive effects for new and existing bridges.
This research was performed under NCHRP Project 12-72 by the University of Texas at Austin with the assistance of Protection Engineering Consultants and Modjeski and Masters,
Inc. The report fully documents the research leading to the developed design and detailing guidelines for blast-resistant reinforced concrete bridge columns.
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Author: Air Force Engineering and Services Center. Protective Construction Design Manual, ESL-TR-87-57. Prepared for Engineering and Services Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL. (1989). U.S. Department of the Army. Security Engineering, TM 5-853 and Air Force AFMAN 32-1071, Volumes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Washington, DC, Departments of the Army and Air Force. (1994). U.S. Department of the Army. Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions, Army TM 5-1300, Navy NAVFAC P-397, AFR 88-2. Washington, DC, Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. (1990). U.S. Department of Energy. A Manual for the Prediction of Blast and Fragment Loading on Structures, DOE/TIC 11268. Washington, DC, Headquarters, U.S. Department of Energy. (1992). U.S. General Services Administration. GSA Security Reference Manual: Part 3 Blast Design and Assessment Guidelines. (2001). Biggs, John M. Introduction to Structural Dynamics. McGraw-Hill. (1964). The Institute of Structural Engineers. The Structural Engineer’s Response to Explosive Damage. SETO, Ltd., 11 Upper Belgrave Street, London SW1X8BH. (1995). Mays, G.S. and Smith, P.D. Blast Effects on Buildings: Design of Buildings to Optimize Resistance to Blast Loading. Thomas Telford Publications, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 4JD. (1995). National Research Council. Protecting Buildings from Bomb Damage. National Academy Press. (1995). | Size: 0.75 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | pages: 14
An explosion is an extremely rapid release of energy in the form of light, heat, sound, and a shock wave. A shock wave consists of highly compressed air traveling radially outward from the source
at supersonic velocities. As the shock wave expands, pressures decrease rapidly (with the cube of the distance) and, when it meets a surface that is in line-of-sight of the explosion, it is reflected and
amplified by a factor of up to thirteen.
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ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR BLAST RESISTANT BUILDINGS
Author: Zeynep Koccaz Fatih Sutcu Necdet Torunbalci | Size: 0.34 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The 14 th W orld Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China | Year: 2008 | pages: 8
The increase in the number of terrorist attacks especially in the last few years has shown that the effect of blast loads on buildings is a serious matter that should be taken into consideration in the design process. Although these kinds of attacks are exceptional cases, man-made disasters; blast loads are in fact dynamic loads that need to be carefully calculated just like earthquake and wind loads.
The objective of this study is to shed light on blast resistant building design theories, the enhancement of building security against the effects of explosives in both architectural and structural design process and the design techniques that should be carried out. Firstly, explosives and explosion types have been explained briefly. In addition, the general aspects of explosion process have been presented to clarify the effects of explosives on buildings. To have a better understanding of explosives and characteristics of explosions will enable us to make blast resistant building design much more efficiently. Essential techniques for increasing the capacity of a building to provide protection against explosive effects is discussed both with an architectural and structural approach.
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(AISC Video) Rules of Thumb for Steel Design - Socrates Ioannides
Size: 186 MB| Quality:VCD| Year:2009
In early times, when computers were neither available nor essential, one objective of steel designers was to discover elegant, simple, and appropriately accurate computational methods. These quick "rules of thumb" became essential resources for structural engineers. And despite the advent of computers, these quick approaches retain their value for: making on-the-spot intelligent decisions, developing a reasonable solution for computer input, and quickly verifying the validity of computer output.
The seminar is presented by Socrates Ioannides from Structural Affliliates International.
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