.
The present study evaluates how the soft first story irregularity condition should be defined: (a) as a significant
reduction of the lateral shear stiffness of all resisting frames within a given story, as established in the seismic provisions
of Mexican building codes or, (b) as a substantial reduction of the lateral shear stiffness of one or more resisting frames
within a given story, as proposed by the author. Both definitions are evaluated through nonlinear dynamic analyses of
buildings systems with a suspected soft first story condition in order to discern which option is closer to define the soft fist
story condition.
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SOFT-STOREY BEHAVIOUR IN AN EARTHQUAKE and SAMPLES OF IZMIT-DUZCE
Author: Dr. Mizan DOĞAN Dr. Nevzat KIRAÇ Dr. Hasan GÖNEN | Size: 1.00 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Department of Civil Engineering, Osmangazi University Eskisehir- TURKEY | Year: 2002 | pages: 8.
Due to the considerations of occupancy and architectural appearance, especially in the entrance floor
and on one of the intermediate levels, inner sections between columns and outer walls are not
constructed in the way they are done in other storeys or rigidity of the single structures in the storeys
are different. These sections in the buildings are generally used for sales stores, restaurants, bank
branches, installations and lightening. These are labelled as soft storeys in literature. Form the studies
and investigation of the quake results, it is observed that partitioning walls and beam fillings enable
buildings to gain great rigidity. Although irregularities of soft storey have taken place in many
construction codes, it is observed that most of the damage constructions suffered result in this kind of
irregularities. In the current study the focus, depending on the investigations on soft storeys conducted
in quake regions of Izmit and Duzce, was on the investigation of the effect of a soft storey on the
behaviour of a construction. Also solutions were investigated for making the soft storeys in the present
constructions and in the ones to be built resistant to quake.
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Soft Story Risk Reduction: Lessons from the Berkeley Data
Author: David Bonowitz, S.E. 605A Baker Street San Francisco, CA 94117 [email protected] Sharyl Rabinovici, Ph.D. | Size: 4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: A Special Projects and Initiatives report to Earthquake Engineering Research Institute | Year: January 2013 | pages: 92 | ISBN: 978-1-932884-58-6
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the EERI Endowment Fund and the Special
Projects & Initiatives Committee. We also thank Joan MacQuarrie, former Building Official
of the City of Berkeley, for making the evaluation reports available for our review. The
Applied Technology Council made available a draft version of the FEMA P-807 technical
criteria applied in Section 5, and Mike Korolyk of Tipping Mar Associates, Berkeley, helpfully
reviewed some initial calculations. The Structural Engineers Association of Northern California’s
Existing Buildings Committee, Marko Schotanus, Chair, provided valuable feedback
on preliminary findings.
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As I see it a while ago some companies have begun producing engineering programs using a new new way to advertise for their engineering programs.
while at the same time these company are trying to protrct their products.
One of the new methods is to get a limited period ,the program will work with full options then expire. so this is a good chance to let user see the program and knows all features of this software and decide if it is useful prog or not.
other methods , by activating some options only of the program for the purpose of increasing advertising and spreading the software between socity of engineers.
By these methods also they decrease a chances to crack their softwares.
But although it is still some companies allow the circulation of all of its products among all users without increasing restrictions to protect programs and believes that it is still the best methods to achieve proliferation and good sales.
And certainly it depends on the size of each company and the amount of spread around the world and the ability of their products competitive with other similar programs have
That these ideas are just a personal viewpoint
Made welcome and opinions of all my dear colleagues
An increase in major natural disasters—and the growing number of damaging events involving gas, electric, water, and other utilities—has led to heightened concerns about utility operations and public safety. Due to today's complex, compliance-based environment, utility managers and planners often find it difficult to plan for the action needed to help ensure organization-wide resilience and meet consumer expectations during these incidents. Emergency Planning Guide for Utilities, Second Edition offers a working guide that presents new and field-tested approaches to plan development, training, exercising, and emergency program management.
The book will help utility planners, trainers, and responders—as well as their vendors and suppliers—to more effectively prepare for damaging events and improve the level of the utility’s resilience. It also focuses on planning needed in the National Incident Management System and ICS environment that many utilities are embracing going forward. In doing so, utilities will be able to improve the customer experience while reducing the impact that damaging events have on the utility’s infrastructure, people, and resources.
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Author: M. G. H. Bell, Yasunori Iida | Size: 5.1 MB | Format:DjVu | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Wiley | Year: 1997 | pages: 210 | ISBN: 047196493X
The fabric of all societies is held together by networks of various kinds, such as water supply, energy supply, sewage disposal, communication and, perhaps most importantly, transportation. Transportation Network Analysis is concerned primarily with the spatial, but also the temporal, nature of the movement of people and freight across land, where the movement is channelled onto roads or railways. The road and rail infrastructure constitute the transportation network while the movement of people and freight constitute the flows on the network. Providing a coherent theoretical framework, this book focuses on three interdependent aspects of transportation networks: state estimation the estimation of path flows, vehicle queues, stops and delays; route choice link cost functions and the equilibrium principle; and network design traffic signal control, link design and link insertion or deletion. While the treatment of transportation networks is general and not specific to one mode of transport, the emphasis is on private transport by road networks with extensions to public transport indicated where appropriate. Numerous examples illustrate both definitions and algorithms.
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Advances in Pavement Design through Full-scale Accelerated Pavement Testing
Author: David Jones, John Harvey, Imad L. Al-Qadi and Angel Mateos | Size: 15 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: CRC Press | Year: 2012 | pages: 560 | ISBN: 0415621380
Internationally, full-scale accelerated pavement testing, either on test roads or linear/circular test tracks, has proven to be a valuable tool that fills the gap between models and laboratory tests and long-term experiments on in-service pavements.
Accelerated pavement testing is used to improve understanding of pavement behavior, and evaluation of innovative materials and additives, alternative materials processing, new construction techniques, and new types of structures. It provides quick comparisons between current and new practice and the ability to rapidly validate and calibrate models with quality data, with minimal risk at relatively low cost.
Advances in Pavement Design through Full-scale Accelerated Pavement Testing is a collection of papers from the 4th International Conference on Accelerated Pavement Testing (Davies, CA, USA, 19-21 September 2012), and includes contributions on a variety of topics including:
- Overview of Accelerated Pavement Testing
- Establishment of New Accelerated Pavement Testing Facilities
- Review of the Impact of Accelerated Pavement Testing Programs on Practice
- Instrumentation for Accelerated Pavement Testing
- Accelerated Pavement Testing on Asphalt Concrete Pavements
- Accelerated Pavement Testing on Portland Cement Concrete Pavements
- Accelerated Pavement Testing to Evaluate Functional Performance
- Relating Laboratory Tests to Performance using Accelerated Pavement Testing
- Development and Calibration of Empirical and Mechanistic-empirical Pavement Design Procedures and Models
- Benefit-cost Analysis of Accelerated Pavement Testing
Advances in Pavement Design through Full-scale Accelerated Pavement Testing will be useful to academics and professionals involved in pavement engineering.
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Non-standard finite element methods, in particular mixed methods, are central to many applications. In this text the authors, Boffi, Brezzi and Fortin present a general framework, starting with a finite dimensional presentation, then moving on to formulation in Hilbert spaces and finally considering approximations, including stabilized methods and eigenvalue problems. This book also provides an introduction to standard finite element approximations, followed by the construction of elements for the approximation of mixed formulations in H(div) and H(curl). The general theory is applied to some classical examples: Dirichlet's problem, Stokes' problem, plate problems, elasticity and electromagnetism.
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Masonry constructions are the great majority of the buildings in Europe’s historical centres and the most important monuments in its architectural heritage and the demand for their safety assessments and restoration projects is pressing and constant. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a widely accepted approach to studying the statics of masonry structures. This book aims to help fill these gaps by presenting a new comprehensive, unified theory of statics of masonry constructions.
The book, result of thirty years of research and professional experience, through an interdisciplinary approach combining engineering, architecture, advances from the simple to the complex and analyses statics of a large variety of masonry constructions, as arches, domes, cross and cloister vaults, piers, towers, cathedrals and buildings under seismic actions.
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