Article/eBook Full Name: Advanced Geotechnical Engineering: Soil-Structure Interaction using Computer and Material Models
Author(s): Chandrakant S. Desai, Musharraf Zaman
Edition: 1
Publish Date: 2013
ISBN: 1466515600, 978-1466515604
Published By: CRC Press
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Soil-structure interaction is an area of major importance in geotechnical engineering and geomechanics Advanced Geotechnical Engineering: Soil-Structure Interaction using Computer and Material Models covers computer and analytical methods for a number of geotechnical problems. It introduces the main factors important to the application of computer methods and constitutive models with emphasis on the behavior of soils, rocks, interfaces, and joints, vital for reliable and accurate solutions.
This book presents finite element (FE), finite difference (FD), and analytical methods and their applications by using computers, in conjunction with the use of appropriate constitutive models; they can provide realistic solutions for soil–structure problems. A part of this book is devoted to solving practical problems using hand calculations in addition to the use of computer methods. The book also introduces commercial computer codes as well as computer codes developed by the authors.
Uses simplified constitutive models such as linear and nonlinear elastic for resistance-displacement response in 1-D problems
Uses advanced constitutive models such as elasticplastic, continued yield plasticity and DSC for microstructural changes leading to microcracking, failure and liquefaction
Delves into the FE and FD methods for problems that are idealized as two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D)
Covers the application for 3-D FE methods and an approximate procedure called multicomponent methods
Includes the application to a number of problems such as dams , slopes, piles, retaining (reinforced earth) structures, tunnels, pavements, seepage, consolidation, involving field measurements, shake table, and centrifuge tests
Discusses the effect of interface response on the behavior of geotechnical systems and liquefaction (considered as a microstructural instability)
This text is useful to practitioners, students, teachers, and researchers who have backgrounds in geotechnical, structural engineering, and basic mechanics courses.
Quote:They ignored signs which said it could only support 40 people, not hundreds
Because we design for some loads.
And most of the time the live load is limited by the available amount of space (2kN/sqm, about 200 kg/sqm, about 1 sumo warrior /sqm and looks reasonable.
But still it happens that we need to place a sign and say no more than 50 kg/sqm.
Because at first look there should be no reason for larger loads. Moreover a sign is there and so any additional loading is prevented.
What about the blind guys or those who don't like to read signs, like myself .
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The bridge is pinned maximum bending moment at middle according the video it looks like the collapse is caused by lateral buckling of the
handrail which is compressed, the top chord of the truss.
If the bridge was up side down, most likely it could have supported many sumo warriors.
Funny though they had handrail to prevent few from falling into watter but still they all got into water.
A fragile design, one point of failure. Finally a money issue, why build both handrail and chord when you can reuse the chord and place a sign (clearly visible for blind people, from a distance in crowded conditions ).
And instead of placing signs, some design handrails for out of plane loads caused by crowds who push it, in this case helping it buckle faster.
Environmental Wind Engineering and Design of Wind Energy Structures
Series: CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 531
Baniotopoulos, Charalambos; Borri, Claudio; Stathopoulos, Theodore (Eds.)
2011, VIII, 352 p.
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This document can be permitted to be used as an alternative to the development of a National Concrete Bridge Design and Construction Code, or equivalent document in countries where no national design codes are available by themselves, or as an alternative to the National Concrete Bridge Design and Construction Code in countries where specifically considered and accepted by the national standard body or other appropriate regulatory organization, and applies to the planning, design and construction of structural concrete bridges to be used in new bridges of restricted span length, height of piers, and type.
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide a registered Civil Engineer with sufficient information to perform the design of the structural concrete bridge that complies with the limitations established in 6.1. The rules of design as set forth in the present document are simplifications of more elaborate requirements.
Although the guidelines contained in this document were drawn to produce, when properly employed, a structural concrete structure with an appropriate margin of safety, these guidelines are not a replacement of sound and experienced engineering. In order for the resulting structure designed employing these guidelines to attain the intended margin of safety. The document must be used as a whole and alternative procedures should be employed only when explicitly permitted by the guidelines. The minimum dimensioning guides as prescribed in the document replace, in most cases, more elaborate procedures as those prescribed in the National Code, and the eventual economic impact is compensated by the simplicity of the procedures prescribed here.
The professional performing the structural design under these guidelines should meet the legal requirements for structural designers in the country of adoption and have training and a minimum appropriate knowledge of structural mechanics, statics, strength of materials, structural analysis, and reinforced concrete design and construction.
Designs and details for new bridges should address structural integrity by considering the following:
The use of continuity and redundancy to provide one or more alternate paths.
Structural members and bearing seat widths that are resistant to damage or instability.
External protection systems to minimize the effects of reasonably conceived severe loads
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This document can be permitted to be used as an alternative to the development of a building code, or equivalent document in countries where no national design codes are available by themselves, or as an alternative to the building code in countries where specifically considered and accepted by the national standards body or other appropriate regulatory organization, and applies to the assessment of earthquake resistance capability and to the seismic rehabilitation design and construction for existing structural concrete buildings.
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide a registered civil engineer with sufficient information to perform the seismic assessment and rehabilitation of the structural concrete building that complies with the limitations established in 5., for both undamaged structures that are deemed not to comply with the required characteristics for an adequate response at a specified performance level, and for structures that have undergone damages under seismic loadings. The rules of design as set forth in the present document are simplifications of more elaborate requirements.
Although the guidelines contained in this document were drawn to produce, when properly employed, a reasonable assessment of the seismic vulnerability of an undamaged structure, a reasonable assessment of a structure damaged by a seismic event and a structural rehabilitation of the assessed concrete structure with an appropriate margin of safety, these guidelines are not a replacement of sound and experienced engineering. In order to attain the intended results on assessment and rehabilitation design, the document must be used as a whole, and alternative procedures should be employed only when explicitly permitted by the guidelines. The minimum dimensioning guides as prescribed in the document replace, in most cases, more elaborate procedures as those prescribed in the national code or, if no national code exists, in internationally recognized full fledged codes, and the eventual economic impact is compensated by the simplicity of the procedures prescribed here.
The professional applying the procedures set forth by these guidelines should meet the legal requirements for structural designers in the country of adoption and have training and a minimum appropriate knowledge of structural mechanics, statics, strength of materials, structural analysis, and reinforced concrete design and construction.
While buildings rehabilitated in accordance with these guidelines are expected to perform within the selected performance levels for the applicable design earthquakes, compliance with this guidelines are necessary but may not guarantee the sought for performance, as current knowledge of structural behavior under seismic loads, and of the loads themselves, is yet incomplete.
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This part of BS 6073 is published by BSI and came into effect
on 30 2008. It was prepared by Subcommittee B/519/1,Masonry units, under the authority of Technical Committee B/519, Masonry and associated testing. A list of organizations represented on these committees can be obtained on request to its secretary.
Supersession
This part of BS 6073 supersedes BS 6073-2:1981, which is withdrawn.
Relationship with other publications
This part of BS 6073 was originally developed as a method for specifying masonry units in accordance with BS 6073-1, which has been withdrawn and superseded by BS EN 771-3 and BS EN 771-4.
This new edition of BS 6073-2 is intended to provide a guide to the understanding and application of BS EN 771-3 and BS EN 771-4 for specifiers.
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Influence of diagonal braces in RCC multi-storied frames under wind loads: A case study
Author: Suresh P , Panduranga Rao B , Kalyana Rama J.S | Size: 3.6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Volume 3, No 1, 2012 | Year: 2012 | pages: 13
Structures are classified as rigid and flexible. Tall structures are more flexible and susceptible to vibrations by wind induced forces. In the analysis and design of high-rise structures estimation of wind loads and the inter storey drifts are the two main criteria to be positively ascertained for the safe and comfortable living of the inhabitants. Estimation of wind loads is more precise with gust factor method. Inter storey drift can be controlled through suitable structural system. The present investigation deals with the calculation of wind loads using static and gust factor method for a sixteen storey high rise building and results are compared with respect to drift. Structure is analyzed in STAAD Pro, with wind loads calculated by gust factor method as per IS 875-Part III with and without X- bracings at all the four corners from bottom to top.
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