This book argues that the issues surrounding sustainable transport constitute a new - post-modern - phase in transport policy and management. Achieving sustainable transport requires more than 'optimal' management of congestion and the effects on public health and the environment. Assessments of external effects, and their optimal levels, tend to be piecemeal, localized, and focused on a specific type of effect. Sustainability, on the other hand, is a comprehensive, forward-looking concept that encompasses the achievement of a state of society that is better overall; it requires a widened concept of welfare that includes environmental quality and social justice in both the short and long term. This book is organized into three sections, each discussing a major set of challenges to the transition to a sustainable transport system.
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Prepared by the Task Committee on Urban Aerodynamics of the Environmental Wind Engineering Committee of the Technical Council on Wind Engineering of ASCE. Urban Aerodynamics: Wind Engineering for Urban Planners and Designers introduces the basic tools and technology used by engineers to determine the effects of wind on city streets and structures. Familiarity with the fundamentals of urban aerodynamics offers many advantages to city planners and urban designers, most especially the opportunity to incorporate quantitative techniques into the design and development process. This volume traces the historical development of wind engineering techniques leading up to today's use of boundary layer wind tunnel studies and computational fluid dynamics assessments. Examples show the application of wind engineering to address urban issues such as pedestrian-level wind control, design for hurricane shelter, urban summer breeze penetration, winter wind shielding, the natural ventilation of buildings, and dispersion of airborne pollutants. Current tools and techniques for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of urban wind effects are reviewed, and an extensive list of references is included. This book is a compact essential reference for city planners, urban designers, and architects, as well as structural and wind engineers.
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Wind Issues in the Design of Buildings explains the ways that structural designers accommodate the impact of extreme wind events on the built environment. By studying the flow and pressure fields around buildings, architects and engineers can identify and select the best strategies for ensuring that a building will resist the loads due to high winds, maintaining pleasant conditions in outdoor spaces, assessing natural ventilation potential, and seeing that any exhaust fumes are dispersed adequately. This volume identifies wind characteristics and describes the effects of winds generated by hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms. It explains the internal and external pressures on a building's cladding (skin) and the effects of wind-borne debris. A building's response to the structural loads caused by wind is outlined, along with techniques for resisting wind. A chapter is devoted to wind tunnels and physical modeling to predict structural loads, cladding response, pedestrian experience, topographic effects, and snow deposition. A section of frequently asked questions, a glossary, and recommended reading make this material in this volume accessible to students and nontechnical members of project teams. Structural engineers and architects will find this book a useful aide in explaining wind-related issues to clients, builders, building officials, and owners. Students in structural and architectural engineering will welcome the clear, concise presentation of an important component of structural design.
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This collection contains 81 papers describing innovations in the development of sustainable transportation systems. In the face of ongoing challenges such as traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and rising energy costs, transportation professionals look for new strategies, methods, and technologies to address issues of funding, planning, construction, and maintenance of transportation facilities of all types. These papers showcase both new approaches developed for China's enormous transportation infrastructure market and the latest advances in management and maintenance from researchers in the United States and other developed countries. Topics include: sustainable transportation development; low carbon emissions and energy saving in transportation; multimodal transportation systems; intelligent transportation systems; advancements in traffic control technologies; transportation and work zone safety; design and construction of bridges and tunnels; pavement materials, design, and construction; and geotechnical design and construction. This collection offers inspiration and practical solutions for engineers, planners, and managers working on transportation systems around the world.
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ENTROPY THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER ENGINEERING
Vijay P. Singh
Texas A & M University, USA
Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering responds to the need for a book that deals with basic concepts of entropy theory from a hydrologic and water engineering perspective and then for a book that deals with applications of these concepts to a range of water engineering problems. The range of applications of entropy is constantly expanding and new areas finding a use for the theory are continually emerging. The applications of concepts and techniques vary across different subject areas and this book aims to relate them directly to practical problems of environmental and water engineering.
The book presents and explains the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and the Principle of Minimum Cross Entropy (POMCE) and their applications to different types of probability distributions. Spatial and inverse spatial entropy are important for urban planning and are presented with clarity. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and minimum cross entropy spectral analysis are powerful techniques for addressing a variety of problems faced by environmental and water scientists and engineers and are described here with illustrative examples.
Giving a thorough introduction to the use of entropy to measure the unpredictability in environmental and water systems this book will add an essential statistical method to the toolkit of postgraduates, researchers and academic hydrologists, water resource managers, environmental scientists and engineers. It will also offer a valuable resource for professionals in the same areas, governmental organizations, private companies as well as students in earth sciences, civil and agricultural engineering, and agricultural and rangeland sciences.
Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering
Provides a thorough introduction to entropy for beginners and more experienced users
Uses numerous examples to illustrate the applications of the theoretical principles
Allows the reader to apply entropy theory to the solution of practical problems
Assumes minimal existing mathematical knowledge
Discusses the theory and its various aspects in both univariate and bivariate cases
Covers newly expanding areas including neural networks from an entropy perspective and future developments.
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may I kindly ask you to share the following documents:
Article/eBook Full Name: Empirical formula for fundamental period of frame-shear wall structures based on structural strong motion records
Author(s): Gong Maosheng, Xie Lili, Ou Jinping
Publish Date: 2010-12
Published By: China Civil Engineering Journal
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Article/eBook Full Name: In Situ Dynamic Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall Buildings
Author(s): D. Gilles, G. McClure
Publish Date: 2012
ISBN: 9780784412367
Published By: Structures Congress
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Size: 3.19 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The Steel Construction Institute | Year: 2005 | pages: 160
Today, both durability and economic factors play a very important part in the choice of bridge abutment type. Durability considerations are very important in providing long-term performance of the bridge structure, both in the choice of structural form and in the design of construction details.
Economic considerations focus on the whole life cost and on the duration of construction. This is particularly so with replacement bridges, where there is a significant cost element for lane rentals for closures, and a more expensive design may make overall savings from an earlier completion time. In addition, where land/space is limited in urban areas, the type and method of construction are also important, because of the constraints being imposed.
Steel sheet pile embedded retaining walls can fulfil all the criteria for economic bridge abutments. It is hoped that this guide will encourage designers and constructors to consider a steel substructure option more frequently during the conceptual and preliminary design phases of projects and thereby to take advantage of the potential to build more efficiently.
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Edition 3rd
ISBN 9781486018970
ISBN 10 1486018971
Published 15/07/2013
Published by Pearson
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This book presents a representative selection of innovative ideas currently shaping the development and testing of geographical systems models by means of statistical and computational approaches. Collectively, the contributions span all geographic scales, deal with both individuals and aggregates, and represent natural, human, and integrated spatial systems. Reflecting current concerns for relevance, each paper has an applied component relating to one or more contemporary issues.
Modelling Geographical Systems is relevant to researchers, postgraduates, final-year undergraduates and professionals in the areas of quantitative geography, spatial analysis, spatial modelling, and geographical information sciences.
Although not intended as a textbook, this volume would provide a useful supplementary text for courses on quantitative geography and geographical systems modelling in both human and physical geography, and GIS and geocomputation.
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