The collapse of the Showa Bridge during the 1964 Niigata earthquake features in many publications as an iconic example of the detrimental effects of liquefaction. It was generally believed that lateral spreading was the cause of failure of the bridge. This hypothesis is based on the reliable eye witness that the bridge failed 1 to 2 minutes after the earthquake started which clearly ruled out the possibility that inertia (during the initial strong shaking) was the contributor to the collapse. Bhattacharya (2003), Bhattacharya and Bolton (2004), Bhattacharya et al (2005) reanalyzed the bridge and showed that the lateral spreading hypothesis cannot explain the failure of the bridge. The aim of this short paper is to collate the research carried out on this subject and reach conclusions based on analytical studies and quantitative analysis.
It is being recognised that precise quantitative analysis can be difficult due to lack of instrumented data. However, as
engineers, we need to carry out order-of-magnitude calculations to discard various failure hypotheses.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
THE EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF BRIDGE PILE FOUNDATIONS TO LIQUEFACTION INDUCED LATERAL SPREAD DISPLACEMENT DEMA NDS
Author: Sharid Khan Amiri | Size: 23.4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA | Year: 2008 | pages: 417
The earthquake response of various types of pile foundations supporting a variety of bridge structures to liquefaction induced lateral spread displacement demands is analyzed using the concepts of pile ductility and pile pinning. The soil/pile model uses the stress-strain response of reinforced concrete and ste
el, incorporating both the axial and lateral loads for structural elements, and p-y curvesto represent interface elements to assess the pile response during earthquake
induced lateral spread displacement demands.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
Damage of Bridges in 2008 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake
Author: Kazuhiko KAWASHIMA , Yoshikazu TAKAHASHI , Hanbin GE , Zhishen WU and Jiandong ZHANG | Size: 2 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Reconnaissance Report on Damage of Bridges in 2008 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 13, pp.956-998, 2009. | Year: 2009 | pages: 20
This is a reconnaissance report on the damage to bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake.
Site investigation was conducted by the authors on August 10-14, 2008. Presented is a detailed discussion of
the damage to twelve bridges as well as possible damage mechanisms. Characteristics of two near-field
ground accelerations and Chinese seismic bridge design practices are also presented. An investigation of the
damage finds insufficient intensity of seismic design force, inadequate structural detailing for enhancing the
ductility capacity and an absence of unseating prevention devices.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
Lessons Learned from Seismic Collapse Assessment of Buildings for Evaluation of Bridge Structures
Author: Abbie B. Liel and Curt B. Haselton | Size: 219 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | pages: 12
Due to recent advancements in performance-based earthquake engineering methods, in modeling of complex nonlinear structural behavior, and in characterization of earthquake ground motions, it is becoming possible to directly simulate earthquakeinduced structural collapse. These simulations can be used to develop probabilistic descriptions of structures’ seismic collapse risk. This paper first summarizes recent
developments in assessment of seismic collapse risks for building structures, which apply nonlinear time-history analyses to predict when structural collapse occurs. In the second part, the discussion focuses on how the lessons learned from these building collapse risk assessments can be applied to predicting the seismic collapse risk of bridge structures. The paper proposes extending current assessments of bridge
seismic performance (which typically focus on prediction of structural damage prior to collapse) to include robust assessments seismic collapse safety. Key issues for
structural collapse assessment relate to ground motion scaling and spectral shape, creation of nonlinear structural simulation models (differing in certain critical characteristics from models used to predict pre-collapse response), and incorporating
uncertainties in ground motions and structural modeling.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
EARTHQUAKE TIP Learning Earthquake Design and Construction
Author: C. V. R. MURTY | Size: 16 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 | pages: 55
The Republic Day earthquake of 26 January 2001 in Gujarat clearly demonstrated the earthquake vulnerability profile of our country. It created a considerable interest amongst the professionals
associated with construction activities in any form, as well as the non-professionals regarding the earthquake safety issues. While the subject of earthquake engineering has its own sophistication and a lot of new research is being conducted in this very important subject, it is also important to widely disseminate the basic concepts of earthquake resistant constructions through simple language. With this objective, the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) and the Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), a constituent of the Ministry of Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, launched the IITK-BMTPC Series on Earthquake Tips in early 2002. Professor C. V. R. Murty was requested to take up the daunting task of expressing difficult concepts in very simple language, which he has very ably done.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
HANDBOOK FOR THE POST - EARTHQUAKE SAFETY EVALUATION OF BRIDGES AND ROADS
Author: Julio A. RAMIREZ, Robert J. FROSCH, Mete A. SOZEN, A. Murat TURK School of Civil Engineering, Pu rdue University under the JTRP Contract No. 2377 | Size: 11.3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2000 | pages: 134
In 1999, the Indiana Department of Transportation contracted, through the Joint Transportation Research Program at the School of Civil Engineering in Purdue University, with Professor’s
Julio A. Ramirez, Robert J. Frosch and Mete A. Sozen to develop a training program for post- earthquake safety evaluation of highway bridges. Professor’s Julio A. Ramirez, Robert. J. Frosch, Mete A. Sozen, and Dr. A. Murat Turk, post-
doctoral research associate, prepared this manual and an accompanying training video that was produced by the Center of Instructional Services of Purdue University. Overall view and
guidance for the project was provided by B. Rinard, W. Dittelberger and J. Thompson of the Indiana Department of Transportation. The principal investigators gratefully acknowledge the participation of Prof. Marc Eberhard from University of Washington, Seattle in the preparation of this material. Bridge damage examples and pictures were reproduced from; EQIIS Image Database, Earthquake Engineering Research Center (EERC, University of California at Berkeley), Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI, Bogazici University, Istanbul), National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
FAILURE OF SHOWA BRIDGE DURING THE 1964 NIIGATA EARTHQUAKE: LATERAL SPREADING OR BUCKLING INSTABILI TY
Author: A. A. Kerciku , S. Bhattacharya , Z. A. Lubkowski , and H. J. Burd | Size: 1.3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The 14 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China | Year: 2008 | pages: 08
Following the 1964 Niigata earthquake many bridges, including the Showa Bridge, over the Shinano river collapsed. The newly-constructed Showa Bridge demonstrated one of the worst instances of damage, and there are still uncertainties and controversies regarding the causes of collapse. The collapse of the Showa Bridge has been, throughout the years, an iconic case study for demonstrating the devastating effects of the lateral spreading of liquefied soil. In this paper, this widely accepted collapse hypothesis has been challenged. The documented eyewitnesses’ observations and post-collapse damage reports have been reanalysed, and the all the major studies on the collapse of the bridge compared and contrasted. It has been shown that the current, widely accepted,
failure mechanism based on bending due to lateral spreading, cannot explain the failure. This paper presents a new hypothesis based on buckling failure due to axial loads in conjunction with residual, earthquake-induced, lateral displacements. This alternative explanation has been evaluated quantitatively using the method suggested by Kerciku et al. (2008) for estimating the buckling capacity of piles in liquefied soil, and Eurocode 3 (1993) recommendations for steel members subjected to bending and axial compression.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF OREGON STATE HIGHWAY BRIDGES
Author: Oregon Department of Transportation Bridge Engineering Section November 2009 | Size: 3.5 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2009 | pages: 62
Hundreds of Oregon bridges remain vulnerable to earthquake damage. Although 15-20 earthquakes of magnitude M>3.0 are felt each year in the Pacific Northwest, modern Seismic Design Specifications were not available or used for bridge design until early 1990. With a majority of state owned bridges designed and built between 1950 and 1980, the state of Oregon would face a devastating post earthquake situation if a major event occurred in the state. The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) has begun a study to define the magnitude of the problem by evaluating the vulnerability of state highway bridges in western Oregon. This report is intended to be a first step in a comprehensive look at seismic risk to transportation systems that could include slides, fill slopes,
local roads and bridges, and supply lines, such as fuel depots, electricity, water and sewer lines. This report marks the culmination of two years of study jointly conducted by ODOT and Portland State University. The study makes use of a computer program called REDARS2 that simulates damage to bridges within a transportation network. It can predict ground motions for a speci c location and magnitude of earthquake, resulting bridge damage and the cost of the
damage, as well as the cost to the public for traffic delays due to detours around damaged bridges. Estimated damage and delay costs are presented for major highways in Western Oregon, where most of the earthquake
damage is predicted to occur.
Code:
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and upgrade your account to see this content.
🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽🔽
See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
👉 CLICK HERE 👈
![[Image: 71492036633447046346.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/71492036633447046346.jpg)
![[Image: info.png]](http://postgen.civilea.com/icon/info.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: download.png]](http://postgen.civilea.com/icon/download.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: 22136173903593063960.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/22136173903593063960.jpg)
![[Image: 83280830420923941483.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/83280830420923941483.jpg)
![[Image: 48165051635087321082.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/48165051635087321082.jpg)
![[Image: 47810446395886953346.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/47810446395886953346.jpg)
![[Image: 97968794152331535907.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/97968794152331535907.jpg)
![[Image: 06284636773083936901.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/06284636773083936901.jpg)
![[Image: 17931336917777542181.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/17931336917777542181.jpg)
![[Image: 57706098755626154892.png]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/57706098755626154892.png)