Damage of Bridges in 2008 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake
Author: Kazuhiko KAWASHIMA , Yoshikazu TAKAHASHI , Hanbin GE , Zhishen WU and Jiandong ZHANG | Size: 2 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Reconnaissance Report on Damage of Bridges in 2008 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 13, pp.956-998, 2009. | Year: 2009 | pages: 20
This is a reconnaissance report on the damage to bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake.
Site investigation was conducted by the authors on August 10-14, 2008. Presented is a detailed discussion of
the damage to twelve bridges as well as possible damage mechanisms. Characteristics of two near-field
ground accelerations and Chinese seismic bridge design practices are also presented. An investigation of the
damage finds insufficient intensity of seismic design force, inadequate structural detailing for enhancing the
ductility capacity and an absence of unseating prevention devices.
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Lessons Learned from Seismic Collapse Assessment of Buildings for Evaluation of Bridge Structures
Author: Abbie B. Liel and Curt B. Haselton | Size: 219 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | pages: 12
Due to recent advancements in performance-based earthquake engineering methods, in modeling of complex nonlinear structural behavior, and in characterization of earthquake ground motions, it is becoming possible to directly simulate earthquakeinduced structural collapse. These simulations can be used to develop probabilistic descriptions of structures’ seismic collapse risk. This paper first summarizes recent
developments in assessment of seismic collapse risks for building structures, which apply nonlinear time-history analyses to predict when structural collapse occurs. In the second part, the discussion focuses on how the lessons learned from these building collapse risk assessments can be applied to predicting the seismic collapse risk of bridge structures. The paper proposes extending current assessments of bridge
seismic performance (which typically focus on prediction of structural damage prior to collapse) to include robust assessments seismic collapse safety. Key issues for
structural collapse assessment relate to ground motion scaling and spectral shape, creation of nonlinear structural simulation models (differing in certain critical characteristics from models used to predict pre-collapse response), and incorporating
uncertainties in ground motions and structural modeling.
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Behavior&Analysis and Design of Steel work Elements
Author: Dr.Sayed Bahaa Machaly- Prof. of steel structure - Faculty of Engineering | Size: 21.02 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Scanner | Year: 2008 | pages: 762 | ISBN: 9772335498
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EARTHQUAKE TIP Learning Earthquake Design and Construction
Author: C. V. R. MURTY | Size: 16 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 | pages: 55
The Republic Day earthquake of 26 January 2001 in Gujarat clearly demonstrated the earthquake vulnerability profile of our country. It created a considerable interest amongst the professionals
associated with construction activities in any form, as well as the non-professionals regarding the earthquake safety issues. While the subject of earthquake engineering has its own sophistication and a lot of new research is being conducted in this very important subject, it is also important to widely disseminate the basic concepts of earthquake resistant constructions through simple language. With this objective, the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) and the Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), a constituent of the Ministry of Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation, Government of India, launched the IITK-BMTPC Series on Earthquake Tips in early 2002. Professor C. V. R. Murty was requested to take up the daunting task of expressing difficult concepts in very simple language, which he has very ably done.
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HANDBOOK FOR THE POST - EARTHQUAKE SAFETY EVALUATION OF BRIDGES AND ROADS
Author: Julio A. RAMIREZ, Robert J. FROSCH, Mete A. SOZEN, A. Murat TURK School of Civil Engineering, Pu rdue University under the JTRP Contract No. 2377 | Size: 11.3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2000 | pages: 134
In 1999, the Indiana Department of Transportation contracted, through the Joint Transportation Research Program at the School of Civil Engineering in Purdue University, with Professor’s
Julio A. Ramirez, Robert J. Frosch and Mete A. Sozen to develop a training program for post- earthquake safety evaluation of highway bridges. Professor’s Julio A. Ramirez, Robert. J. Frosch, Mete A. Sozen, and Dr. A. Murat Turk, post-
doctoral research associate, prepared this manual and an accompanying training video that was produced by the Center of Instructional Services of Purdue University. Overall view and
guidance for the project was provided by B. Rinard, W. Dittelberger and J. Thompson of the Indiana Department of Transportation. The principal investigators gratefully acknowledge the participation of Prof. Marc Eberhard from University of Washington, Seattle in the preparation of this material. Bridge damage examples and pictures were reproduced from; EQIIS Image Database, Earthquake Engineering Research Center (EERC, University of California at Berkeley), Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI, Bogazici University, Istanbul), National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan.
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FAILURE OF SHOWA BRIDGE DURING THE 1964 NIIGATA EARTHQUAKE: LATERAL SPREADING OR BUCKLING INSTABILI TY
Author: A. A. Kerciku , S. Bhattacharya , Z. A. Lubkowski , and H. J. Burd | Size: 1.3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The 14 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China | Year: 2008 | pages: 08
Following the 1964 Niigata earthquake many bridges, including the Showa Bridge, over the Shinano river collapsed. The newly-constructed Showa Bridge demonstrated one of the worst instances of damage, and there are still uncertainties and controversies regarding the causes of collapse. The collapse of the Showa Bridge has been, throughout the years, an iconic case study for demonstrating the devastating effects of the lateral spreading of liquefied soil. In this paper, this widely accepted collapse hypothesis has been challenged. The documented eyewitnesses’ observations and post-collapse damage reports have been reanalysed, and the all the major studies on the collapse of the bridge compared and contrasted. It has been shown that the current, widely accepted,
failure mechanism based on bending due to lateral spreading, cannot explain the failure. This paper presents a new hypothesis based on buckling failure due to axial loads in conjunction with residual, earthquake-induced, lateral displacements. This alternative explanation has been evaluated quantitatively using the method suggested by Kerciku et al. (2008) for estimating the buckling capacity of piles in liquefied soil, and Eurocode 3 (1993) recommendations for steel members subjected to bending and axial compression.
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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF OREGON STATE HIGHWAY BRIDGES
Author: Oregon Department of Transportation Bridge Engineering Section November 2009 | Size: 3.5 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2009 | pages: 62
Hundreds of Oregon bridges remain vulnerable to earthquake damage. Although 15-20 earthquakes of magnitude M>3.0 are felt each year in the Pacific Northwest, modern Seismic Design Specifications were not available or used for bridge design until early 1990. With a majority of state owned bridges designed and built between 1950 and 1980, the state of Oregon would face a devastating post earthquake situation if a major event occurred in the state. The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) has begun a study to define the magnitude of the problem by evaluating the vulnerability of state highway bridges in western Oregon. This report is intended to be a first step in a comprehensive look at seismic risk to transportation systems that could include slides, fill slopes,
local roads and bridges, and supply lines, such as fuel depots, electricity, water and sewer lines. This report marks the culmination of two years of study jointly conducted by ODOT and Portland State University. The study makes use of a computer program called REDARS2 that simulates damage to bridges within a transportation network. It can predict ground motions for a speci c location and magnitude of earthquake, resulting bridge damage and the cost of the
damage, as well as the cost to the public for traffic delays due to detours around damaged bridges. Estimated damage and delay costs are presented for major highways in Western Oregon, where most of the earthquake
damage is predicted to occur.
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This paper attempts to study the effects of dynamic pile-soil-structure interaction (PSSI) on the seismic performance of an energy dissipation subsidiary pier with pile foundation in a deep soil stratum overlying rigid bed rock. Pushover analysis and a series of a nonlinear and inelastic time history analysis on seismic behavior of the pier subjected to various earthquake events were carried out using three models of the structure. In the seismic analysis of pile-soil-pier system, the soil equivalent linear properties of soil were adopted and the seismic input was applied at bed rock, which is an equivalent force. In order to obtain the equivalent linear properties of soil and the bedrock motion, the seismic response analysis for free-field was performed. The results of the comparative analysis reveal that PSSI has slight effect on the seismic capacity of the pier, but significant impact on the seismic responses of the pier, especially under strong earthquake.
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A field load testing is an effective method for understanding the behavior
and fundamental characteristics of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents results of the behavior of the reconstructed cable-stayed bridge over river Danube in Novi Sad under test load. The bridge was built between 1976 and 1981 and in 1999 was heavily damaged by two Tomahawk missiles. In 2003 process of the reconstruction began and at the end of 2005 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade was invited to test reconstructed bridge structure.
The results of static load testing presented herein include displacements,
rotations and strains of the 351 m long main span. Vibrations of the bridge
were obtained by impact load produced by heavy truck passing the bridge and the time history response of vertical accelerations was recorded. The frequency content of the signals was determined using Fourier transformation and five flexural natural periods were extracted. The geological structure and engineering properties of the soil are also given. A finite element model of the bridge was made and a good agreement is achieved between the experimental and analytical results. These results have shown that the bridge is in the elastic state under the code-specified serviceability load, which indicates that the bridge has adequate load-carrying capacity and can be put safely into service.
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