Collapse modes of structures under strong motions of earthquake
Author: Hiroshi Akiyama | Size: 195 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 45, N. 6, December 2002 | Year: 2002 | pages: 8
Under strong motion earthquakes, structures receive various types of damage. The most fatal damage is the loss of lateral strengths of a structure. The loss of lateral resistance causes a total collapse of the structure due to the P−δ effect associated with the lateral displacements and the gravity loading. To eliminate such a collapse mode, to introduce into the ordinary stiff structure a flexible element which remains elastic is very effective. The flexiblestiff mixed structure can behave preferably in many aspects under strong earthquakes.
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VULNERABILITY TO PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE OF SEISMICALLY DESIGNED RC FRAMED STRUCTURES: CORNER COLUMN CASE
Author: ADRIAN-MIRCEA IOANI and HORTENSIU-LIVIU CUCU | Size: 746 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC DIN IAŞI Publicat de Universitatea Tehnică „Gheorghe Asachi” din Iaşi Tomul LVI (LX), Fasc. 4, 2010 Secţia CONSTRUCŢII. ĂRHITECTURĂ | Year: 2010 | pages: 10
Abstract. As in the seismic design, to resist such catastrophic loads, structures should be provided with an adequate level of structural continuity, redundancy,
robustness and ductility, so that alternative load transfer paths can develop when the structure loses an individual member. Following the GSA Guidelines (2003), the paper
presents an investigation regarding the vulnerability to progressive collapse of a model
representing a 13-storey RC framed building when its seismic design was made
according to the provisions of the present seismic code P100-1/2006. . Numerical results
regarding the behavior of the model when the structure is damaged by the sudden removal of a corner column are given. Demands and capacities of structural members are assessed and DCR values for the lower part of the building are presented. A typical medium–rise building having RC frames seismically designed for Bucharest according to seismic design code P100-1/2006, does not experience failures or progressive collapse when subjected to different “missing column” scenarios, including the removal of a
corner column.
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STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF FRAMED STRUCTURES UNDER SEISMIC EXCITATION
Author: R.Z. Wang , C.L. Wu , K.C. Tsai , Y.S. Yang , and B.Z. Lin | Size: 339 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The 14 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China | Year: 2008 | pages: 8
This paper presents a numerical procedure which is called the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE,V-5) method. It is used to analyze the nonlinear behavior of structural collapse under seismic excitation. The whole progressive collapse processes of the framed structures in various conditions are also simulated. The numerical procedure in V-5 method provided for new concept to deal with large deformation and rotation from continuous states to discontinuous states. The geometry nonlinear and the nonlinear material have been considered. The damage index of elements is adopted to decide the failure criteria of element joints. In order to simulate the progressive collapse behavior of the structure, the comparison between numerical simulation of V-5 method and shake table experiments demonstrates the accuracy of V-5 method.
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BEAM - COLUMN CONNECTION FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR AND SEISMIC COLLAPSE PERFORMANCE OF CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES
Author: CHRISTOPHER D. STOAKES | Size: 7.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, | Year: 2012 | pages: 232
This dissertation investigates the flexural behavior of beam-column connections with gusset plates and their ability to improve the seismic collapse performance of concentrically braced frames. Previous experimental and field observations demonstrated that reserve lateral force-resisting capacity due to the flexural strength of connections outside the primary lateral force-resisting system of steel frames can maintain structural stability if the primary system is damaged. Several experimental studies were conducted to quantify the flexural behavior of these connections, but there has only been limited investigation of beam-column connections with
gusset plates.
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The Finite Element Method. A Practical Course - 2nd Edition
Author: G.R. Liu and S. S. Quek | Size: 24 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology | Year: 2014 | pages: 464 | ISBN: 9780080983561
Written for practicing engineers and students alike, this book emphasizes the role of finite element modeling and simulation in the engineering design process. It provides the necessary theories and techniques of the FEM in a concise and easy-to-understand format and applies the techniques to civil, mechanical, and aerospace problems. Updated throughout for current developments in FEM and FEM software, the book also includes case studies, diagrams, illustrations, and tables to help demonstrate the material. Plentiful diagrams, illustrations and tables demonstrate the material Covers modeling techniques that predict how components will operate and tolerate loads, stresses and strains in reality
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my colleague is conducting a survey on payments of low skilled workers in the world.
In order to make some comparison and overview she collect information on how much are low skilled workers in the world paid for manual soil excavation (digging/shovelling) of one cubic meter (cca 35 cubic feet) per hour?
In Croatia we use some normatives for this kind of information, so if one could share information about the payment for that kind of job along with reference to some normative where this information could be found (possible a link here in forum) we would appreciate that very much.
Among the available procedures for obtaining reconstituted laboratory sand specimens, pluvial compaction appears to best simulate the natural processes leading to formation of sand deposits. Although widely used for a long period of time, effects of some components of the specimen preparation equipment (sand rainer) on the relative density of the specimen formed have not been comprehensively studied. This paper presents the results of an investigation aimed at studying these effects. The results obtained are used to provide a guide-line for design of a sand rainer.
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Provides insight into which factors influence public transportation problems via extensive complexity analysis
Contains a new model for customer-oriented public transportation problems, resulting in more objective solutions
Provides a framework in which methods for optimization and routing can be combined to solve network problems with integrated routing
Presents exact integer programming approaches as well as a heuristic approach which alternates traffic assignment and optimization steps
This book treats three planning problems arising in public railway transportation planning: line planning, timetabling, and delay management, with the objective to minimize passengers’ travel time. While many optimization approaches simplify these problems by assuming that passengers’ route choice is independent of the solution, this book focuses on models which take into account that passengers will adapt their travel route to the implemented planning solution. That is, a planning solution and passengers’ routes are determined and evaluated simultaneously.
This work is technically deep, with insightful findings regarding complexity and algorithmic approaches to public transportation problems with integrated passenger routing. It is intended for researchers in the fields of mathematics, computer science, or operations research, working in the field of public transportation from an optimization standpoint. It is also ideal for students who want to gain intuition and experience in doing complexity proofs and designing polynomial-time algorithms for network problems.
The book models line planning, timetabling, and delay management as combined design and routing problems on networks. In a complexity analysis, the border between NP-hard and polynomially solvable problems is illustrated. Based on that, the insights gained are used to develop solution approaches for the considered problems. Besides integer programming formulations, a heuristic method iterating planning and routing steps is proposed to solve the problems.
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Author: Occupational Safety and Health Administration | Size: 1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor | Year: 2009 | pages: 72 | ISBN: 978-1-61344-196-1
Effective management of employee safety and health protection is a decisive factor in reducing the extent and severity of work-related injuries and illnesses and their related costs. In fact, an effective safety and health management system forms the basis of good employee protection that can save time and money, increase productivity and reduce employee injuries, illnesses and related workers’ compensation costs. To assist employers and employees in developing effective safety and health management systems, this 2009 guidance document addresses the control of employee exposures to respirable dust containing crystalline silica, which is known to cause silicosis, a serious lung disease, as well as increase the risk of lung cancer and other systemic diseases. This document provides information on the effectiveness of various engineering control approaches for several kinds of construction operations and equipment, and contains recommendations for work practices and respiratory protection, as appropriate.
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Design of Coastal Revetments, Seawalls, and Bulkheads - Engineering and Design
Size: 2 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers | Year: 1995 | pages: 110
In areas subject to wind-driven waves and surge, this 1995 manual provides guidance for the design of structures such as revetments, seawalls, and bulkheads, commonly employed either to combat erosion or to maintain development at an advanced position from the natural shoreline. Proper performance of such structures is predicated on close adherence to established design guidance. This manual presents important design considerations and describes commonly available materials and structural components.
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