The Finite-Difference Modelling of Earthquake Motions: Waves and Ruptures
Author: Peter Moczo, Dr Jozef Kristek, Dr Martin Gális | Size: 7 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2014 | pages: 394 | ISBN: 9781107028814, 1107028817
Among all the numerical methods in seismology, the finite-difference (FD) technique provides the best balance of accuracy and computational efficiency. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to FD and its applications to earthquake motion. Using a systematic tutorial approach, the book requires only undergraduate degree-level mathematics and provides a user-friendly explanation of the relevant theory. It explains FD schemes for solving wave equations and elastodynamic equations of motion in heterogeneous media, and provides an introduction to the rheology of viscoelastic and elastoplastic media. It also presents an advanced FD time-domain method for efficient numerical simulations of earthquake ground motion in realistic complex models of local surface sedimentary structures. Accompanied by a suite of online resources to help put the theory into practice, this is a vital resource for professionals and academic researchers using numerical seismological techniques, and graduate students in earthquake seismology, computational and numerical modelling, and applied mathematics.
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This 2009 book teaches the principles of soil mechanics to undergraduates, along with other properties of engineering materials, to which the students are exposed simultaneously. Using the critical state method of soil mechanics to study the mechanical behavior of soils requires the student to consider density alongside effective stresses, permitting the unification of deformation and strength characteristics. This unification aids the understanding of soil mechanics. This book explores a one-dimensional theme for the presentation of many of the key concepts of soil mechanics - density, stress, stiffness, strength, and fluid flow - and includes a chapter on the analysis of one-dimensional consolidation, which fits nicely with the theme of the book. It also presents some theoretical analyses of soil-structure interaction, which can be analyzed using essentially one-dimensional governing equations. Examples are given at the end of most chapters, and suggestions for laboratory exercises or demonstrations are given.
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Performance of buildings during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake
Author: Jag Mohan Humar, David Lau, and Jean-Robert Pierre | Size: 4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Can. J. Civ. Eng. 28: 979–991 (2001) | Year: 2001 | pages: 13
Abstract: The performance of buildings during the January 26, 2001, earthquake in the Kachchh region of the province
of Gujarat in India is discussed. A majority of the buildings in the earthquake region were either of load-bearing masonry
or reinforced concrete framed structure. Most of the masonry buildings were built with random or coursed stone
walls without any reinforcement and heavy clay tile roofing supported on wooden logs. A large number of such buildings
collapsed leading to widespread destruction and loss of life. Many reinforced concrete frame buildings had infill
masonry walls except in the first storey, which was reserved for parking. As would be expected, the open first storey
suffered severe damage or collapsed. Observations of failures confirmed the vulnerability of some structural details that
are known to lead to distress. However, an important observation to come out of the earthquake was that masonry
infills, even when not tied to the surrounding frame, could save the building from collapse, provided such infills are
uniformly distributed throughout the height so that abrupt changes in stiffness and strength did not occur.
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Some Remarks on the Seismic Demand Estimation in the Context of Vulnerability Assessment of Large Steel Storage Tank Facilities
Author: Antonio Di Carluccio and Giovanni Fabbrocino | Size: 2 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Civil Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 271414, 12 pages doi:10.5402/2012/271414 | Year: 2012 | pages: 13
The seismic behavior of steel tanks is relevant in industrial risk assessment because collapse of these structures may trigger other catastrophic phenomena due to loss of containment. Therefore, seismic assessment should be focused on for leakage-based limit states. From a seismic structural perspective, damages sufferedby tanks are generally related to large axial compressive stresses, which can induce shell buckling near the base and large displacements of unanchored structures resulting in the detachment of piping. This paper approaches the analysis of seismic response of sliding, nonuplifting, unanchored tanks subject to seismic actions. Simplified methods for dynamic analysis and seismic demand estimation in terms of base displacement and compressive shell stress are analyzed. In particular, attention is focussed on some computational issues related to the solution of the dynamic problem and on the extension of the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) technique to storage tanks.
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VIBRATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICAL LIQUID STORAGE TANKS
Author: JOSEPH W. TEDESCO CELAL N. KOSTEM | Size: 7.2 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FRITZ ENGINEERING LABORATORY REPORT No. 433.5 | Year: 1982 | pages: 219
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The "uplift mecbanismn, developed in response to large overtuniing moment, is the dominant response behaviour of unanchored liquid-tank systems under seismic load. Associated wi t h the base plate uplift , significant deformation and intensive stresses are developed in the tank structure. intense iiquid motion, both the impulsive and the convective component, is also induced fiom the coupling effect. The uplift mechanism is highly nonlinear. Its significance and mechanism in contributing to the seismic behaviour is not fully understood. In this thesis, the seismic behaviour time history of an unanchored broad liquid- tank system is analyzed with the focus on the uplift mechanism. The 1940 El Centro
and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes are used as the ground excitations. The up- lift phenomenon of the base plate, its effects on the shell wall deformation and the dynamic characteristics of the liquid-tank system are studied. The liquid motion developed in the partially uplifted liquid- tank system and the corresponding hydro- dynamic loads are analyzed. The intensive stress developed in the tank structure and the failure mechanism are discussed. A parametric study is conducted to define the effects of the properties of the liquid-tank system on the uplift rnechanism. The seismic behaviour tirne history of mode1 liquid-tank systems with variant structural stiffness and liquid height to tank radius ratio are studied. By varying these parameters, the uplift behaviour, liquid motion and structural stress of the liquid-tank system are carefully compared 2nd deterrnined.
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Comparison between Static and Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Water Tank”
Author: Gaikwad Madhurar V. , Prof. Mangulkar Madhuri N. | Size: 1.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 ISSN 2229-5518 | Year: 2013 | pages: 10
Abstract— In earthquake resigns, the elevated water tanks are one of the most important lifeline structures. In major cities & also in rural area, elevated water tanks forms an integral part of water supply scheme. The elevated water tank must functional even after the earthquakes as water tanks are required to provide water for drinking and firefighting purpose. The main object of this paper is, to compare the Static and Dynamic analysis of elevated water tank, to study the dynamic response of elevated water tank by both the methods, to study the hydrodynamic effect on elevated water tank, to compare the effects of Impulsive and Convective pressure results. From detail study and analysis it was found that, for same capacity, same geometry, same height, with same staging system, with same Importance factor & Response reduction factor, in the same Zone; response by equivalent static method to dynamic method differ considerably. Even if we consider two cases for same capacity of tank, change in geometric features of a container can shows the considerable change in the response of tank. As the capacity increases difference between the response increases. Increase in the capacity shows that difference between static and dynamic response is in increasing order. It is also found that, for small capacity of tank the impulsive pressure is always greater than the convective pressure, but it is vice- versa for tanks with arge capacity. Magnitude of both the pressure is different. The effect of water sloshing must be included in the analysis. Free board to be provided in the tank based on maximum value of sloshing wave height. If sufficient free board is not provided, roof structure should be designed to resist
the uplift pressure due to sloshing of water.
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A Computational Framework for Sloshing in Liquid Storage Tank: Theory and Application
Author: Pavan Kumar Sriram – 530144 MSc Computational Mechanics June 2010 | Size: 2.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Civil and Computational Engineering School Of Engineering | Year: 2010 | pages: 89
On one hand, the mathematical analysis of some free surface flows is considered. A model problem in one space dimension is first investigated. The Burgers equation with diffusion has
to be solved on a space interval with one free extremity. This extremity is unknown and moves in time. The main work is concerned with the simulation of the incompressible
Newtonian fluid flow problem. The space discretisation is based on the stabilized velocitypressure finite element method. The movement and the deformation of the domain are accounted for by employing the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description of the fluid kinematics. The time discretisation is carried out by using implicit, explicit and semi implicit
scheme. The stability and the convergence of time splitting scheme are investigated. A partitioned solution procedure is developed based on the Newton-Raphson methodology
which incorporates full linearization of the overall incremental problem. Accuracy and stability of the solutions are demonstrated in example for which the analytical solutions are known. In the example, the Burger’s equation analogue to 1-D fluid flows is solved without and with FE mesh motion, to show that the mesh motion practically does not affect the solutions. All solutions presented show that the proposed algorithm is sufficiently accurate and stable. Since the algorithm is implicit, high accuracy of results can be achieved with a relatively large time step.A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the methodology by modeling large amplitude sloshing in a rectangular tank.
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Seismic evaluation of fluid-elevated tank-foundation/soil systems in frequency domain
Author: R. Livaoglu† and A. Dogangun‡ Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Civil Engineering, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey | Size: 867 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2005) 000-0001 | Year: 2005 | pages: 19
Abstract. An efficient methodology is presented to evaluate the seismic behavior of a Fluid-Elevated Tank-Foundation/Soil system taking the embedment effects into accounts. The frequency-dependent cone model is used for considering the elevated tank-foundation/soil interaction and the equivalent spring-mass model given in the Eurocode-8 is used for fluid-elevated tank interaction. Both models are combined to
obtain the seismic response of the systems considering the sloshing effects of the fluid and frequencydependent
properties of soil. The analysis is carried out in the frequency domain with a modal analysis procedure. The presented methodology with less computational efforts takes account of; the soil and fluid interactions, the material and radiation damping effects of the elastic half-space, and the embedment effects. Some conclusions may be summarized as follows; the sloshing response is not practically affected by the change of properties in stiff soil such as S1 and S2 and embedment but affected in soft soil. On the other hand, these responses are not affected by embedment in stiff soils but affected in soft soils.
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