Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 16th Edition
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Abstract: Every industry has one outstanding reference book, and for concrete it is Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures—the guide to applications, methods, and materials. For more than 90 years, the publication has been the cement and concrete industry’s primary reference on concrete technology.
Much has changed since PCA first published a book on concrete mixtures in 1916. Concrete is the foundation for the economic growth of our nation. This book is a “must have” for anyone involved with concrete.
• Fundamentals of concrete technology and construction
• New chapters on:
– Structures
– Pavements
• Roadmap to using standards, specifi cations, and test methods of ASTM
International, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO), and the American Concrete Institute (ACI)
• Backed by 100 years of PCA research
• Reference publication for many certification programs
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This guide presents recommendations for the selection and application of materials and methods for repairing, protecting, and strengthening concrete structures. An overview of materials and methods is presented as a guide for selecting a particular application. References are provided for obtaining in-depth information on the selected materials or methods.
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Posted by: poolmand - 01-08-2024, 08:31 AM - Forum: ACI
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ACI CODE-440.11-22: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary
SI & IN-LB
This Code was developed by an ANSI-approved consensus process and addresses structural systems, members, and connections, including cast-in-place, precast, nonprestressed, and composite construction. The “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars” (“Code”) provides minimum requirements for the materials, design, and detailing of structural concrete buildings and, where applicable, nonbuilding structures reinforced with GFRP bars that conform to the requirements of ASTM D7957-22. Among the subjects covered are: design and construction for strength, serviceability, and durability; load combinations, load factors, and strength reduction factors; structural analysis methods; deflection limits; development and splicing of reinforcement; construction document information; field inspection and testing; and methods to evaluate the strength of existing structures.
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The purpose of this document is to provide the nozzleman an understanding of basic concrete technology and describe and illustrate how to properly place quality shotcrete.
Information in this workbook should be used as a guide to good practice. ACI 506.2, “Specification for Shotcrete,” and ACI 506R, “Guide to Shotcrete,” should also be consulted. Above all, the plans and specifications for a specific construction project must be followed.
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The ACI Recommended Practice Guidelines for FRP Bars in Pre-Engineered Projects provide practical information on how to work with and install non-metallic glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement. It details the key considerations for where to use GFRP reinforcement, the types of GFRP reinforcement available, and how to plan for installing this type of reinforcement. The key attributes of GFRP reinforcement and its proper use are also discussed.
In addition, the ACI Recommended Practice Guide[1]lines for FRP Bars in Pre-Engineered Projects provides prescriptive design tables for common applications such as residential foundation walls and slabs-on-ground. The tables presented are similar to the prescriptive tables in “Code Requirements for Residential Construction and Commentary” (ACI 332). They are meant to allow contractors to understand how to select the appropriate size, location, and spacing of GFRP reinforcement for a project and to compare the layout of GFRP reinforcement to steel reinforcement.
This educational document for using FRP reinforcement has been made possible in part by the sponsorship of NEx. NEx is a subsidiary of the American Concrete Institute that partners with leading organizations focused on accelerating the use and technology of nonmetallic materials and products in construction.
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With the aging and deterioration of infrastructure, the need for repair, strengthening, and rehabilitation of existing structures continues to increase. Climate change makes extending the service life of our infrastructure critical since any demolition and new construction will trigger substantial amounts of carbon emissions. Research related to repairing and strengthening existing infrastructure is seeing major developments as new green materials and technologies become available. Improved assessment and retrofit of deficient structures, and performance-based design of new structures are also in high demand. Despite the progress, there are many challenges yet to be addressed. The main objective of this Special Publication is to present results from recent research studies (experimental/numerical/analytical) on the retrofit and repair of structural elements along with the assessment, analysis, and design of structures. Several of these papers were presented at the ACI Fall Convention “Seismic Repair/Retrofit/Strengthening of Bridges at the Element or System Level: Parts 1 and 2.” The presented studies cover various aspects of structural retrofitting and strengthening techniques including the use of rubberized engineered cementitious composite for enhancing the properties of lightweight concrete elements, high-performance concrete jacketing to strengthen reinforced concrete piers/columns, and the behavior of fiber-reinforced-polymer-wrapped concrete cylinders under different environmental conditions. Additionally, the research explores the behavior of concrete-filled FRP tubes under axial compression, innovative bridge retrofit technologies, and retrofit techniques for deficient reinforced concrete columns. There is also a focus on evaluating the seismic response of retrofitted structures, designing guidelines for seismic retrofitting using tension-hardening fiber-reinforced concrete, strengthening unreinforced masonry walls with ferrocement overlays, and developing seismically resilient concrete piers reinforced with titanium alloy bars. The seismic response of a retrofitted curved bridge was also presented where elastomeric bearings of the as-built bridge were replaced by high damping rubber bearings as a part of the seismic retrofit. Recommendations for nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete columns under seismic loading are also presented to simulate their behavior up to collapse. Overall, the presented studies in this Special Publication demonstrate the potential of new materials, methods, and technologies to improve the performance of various structural elements under different loading conditions, including seismic and environmental loads. These studies are expected to help our practitioners and researchers not only develop more effective and sustainable methods for repairing and strengthening of structures but also improve their analysis and design skills.
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The manuscripts included herein introduce common learning theories and methods in engineering education that can be specifically applied to the topics of reinforced concrete and concrete materials. The papers focus on the application of these theories to specific concrete-related topics and suggest ways to implement these methods in university classrooms. The primary goal of this Special Publication is to provide pedagogical resources, ideas, and techniques that can be implemented by anyone that accepts the challenge of teaching reinforced concrete and concrete materials, from a new instructor to an experienced professor. To disseminate effective teaching methods among a global group of educators and learners, ACI Committee S802 organized two sessions entitled “Best Practices and Lessons Learned for Teaching Concrete Materials and Reinforced Concrete” at the Spring 2021 ACI Virtual Convention. The first session was focused on best practices teaching concrete materials and the second session was focused on best practices teaching introductory reinforced concrete. The manuscripts in this Special Publication are organized in the order in which they were presented at the ACI Convention. The co-editors, Dr. Benjamin Dymond and Dr. J. Chris Carroll, are grateful for the contributions from the Special Publication authors and sincerely value the time and effort of the authors in preparing the papers in this volume. Furthermore, the Special Publication would not have been possible without the effort expended by the experts who peer reviewed the papers in this volume.
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This specification covers reinforced elliptically shaped concrete pipe to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction site.
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This document specifies requirements for wire rod for bridge cable wire, which is widely used in parallel wire cables or semi-parallel wire cables for suspension bridges, stay bridges or other structures involving the use of parallel wires.
ISO 16120-4 provides additional wire rod materials and their technical and qualitative requirements for their possible application as bridge cable wire.
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The GFRP Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook is a vital reference for professionals interested in the use of non-metallic GFRP reinforcement for concrete structures. It is meant to provide valuable insight to structural engineers on understanding and utilizing the provisions of “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars” (ACI CODE 440.11).
The GFRP Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook provides several engineering design examples for various concrete members reinforced with GFRP bars including beams, one-way slabs, two-way slabs, and slender columns. The examples help illustrate the provisions of ACI CODE 440.11 as they pertain to serviceability, flexural strength, shear strength, torsional strength, axial strength, stability, and structural analysis. Many of the examples are based on a fictious four-story GFRP reinforced concrete building to illustrate how the design provisions work together in a full building design. These examples are also closely related to the example problems presented in the ACI Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook (ACI MNL-17) to allow for comparison to the steel reinforced concrete members presented in MNL-17. Each example starts with a brief problem statement and then presents a full set of design calculations that reference the appropriate provisions in ACI CODE 440.11 (red highlighted text next to equations) to arrive at a solution. Detailed explanations of the design calculations are provided throughout.
In addition to the example problems, this handbook provides general information and guidance about the appropriate use of GFRP reinforcement, its material and durability characteristics, typical applications, and considerations for fire resistance. It also highlights key differences between designing GFRP reinforced concrete versus traditional steel reinforced concrete.
The appendix to this handbook provides additional detailed information from FRP bar manufactures on commercially available products and solutions.
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