This document specifies a concept of application of phased-array guided-wave testing for various types of inaccessible structures, including buried pipelines.
Materials considered are carbon steel and stainless steel. This document does not include principles and criteria for underground facilities and the phased-array ultrasonic guided-wave testing scheme.
Furthermore, this document consists of an optimized process to draw reliable test results on inaccessible pipe cases. This document provides guidance on the use of phased-array guided-wave testing for various types of inaccessible structures, including buried pipelines made of carbon steel and stainless steel. The methodology outlined in this document includes an optimized process for achieving reliable test results on inaccessible pipe cases, with adjustments made to the beam pattern of the GW's focus location based on the defect type, location, and frequency. The process also takes into consideration the distribution diagram of the guided waves and the characteristics of the selected mode, with optimal focusing and steering achieved by adjusting the excitation time delay for each transducer based on the number of circumferential arrangement intervals of a given array probe.
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This Code provides material, design, and detailing requirements for cast-in-place and precast reinforced concrete chimneys. It sets forth minimum loadings for design and contains methods for determining the concrete and reinforcement required to obtain the strength required by the loadings. The methods of analysis apply primarily to circular chimney walls, but guidance is included for applying the general principles to noncircular chimney walls.
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ISO 16834:2012
Welding consumables
Wire electrodes, wires, rods and deposits for gas shielded arc welding of high strength steels
Classification
Status : Published
This standard was last reviewed and confirmed in 2022. Therefore this version remains current.
This standard will be replaced by ISO/DIS 16834
ISO/TR 12930:2014 provides seismic design examples for geotechnical works based on ISO 23469:2005 in order to demonstrate how to use this ISO standard. The design examples are intended to provide guidance to experienced practicing engineers and code writers. Geotechnical works include buried structures (e.g. buried tunnels, box culverts, pipelines, and underground storage facilities), foundations (e.g. shallow and deep foundations, and underground diaphragm walls), retaining walls (e.g. soil retaining and quay walls), pile-supported wharves and piers, earth structures (e.g. earth and rock fill dams and embankments), gravity dams, tanks, landfill and waste sites.
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This document is applicable to the minimum requirements for steel sheet used in the manufacture of corrugated steel pipe, in coils, flat cut lengths and corrugated cut lengths metallic-coated by the continuous hot-dip process.
This product is intended for storm sewers, culverts, drains and similar uses.
Several metallic-coated materials are covered, which relies on users to determine which product best serves their needs. Four different metallic coatings are included:
— zinc coated;
— zinc-5 % aluminium-mischmetal alloy coated;
— 55 % aluminium-zinc alloy coated;
— aluminium-silicon alloy coated.
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The present document refers to the panel-to-structure and panel-to panel connections used for the cladding systems of reinforced concrete frame structures of single-storey buildings, typically precast. They can be used also for multi-storey buildings with proper modifications.
The fastening devices considered in the present document consist mainly of steel elements or sliding connectors. Dissipative devices with friction or plastic behaviour are also considered. Other types of common supports and bond connections are treated where needed.
The use of any other existing fastening types or the connections with different characteristics than those described in the following clauses is not allowed unless comparable experimental and analytical studies do provide the necessary data and verify the design methodology for the particular type.
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This document refers to connections in precast frame systems, either for single-storey or multi-storey buildings. The connections for all orders of joints are considered. Large wall panel and three-dimensional cell systems are not considered.
According to the position in the overall construction and of the consequent different structural functions, the seven following orders of joints are considered:
a) mutual joints between floor or roof elements (floor-to-floor) that, in the seismic behaviour of the structural system, concern the diaphragm action of the floor;
b) joints between floor or roof elements and supporting beams (floor-to-beam) that give the peripheral constraints to the floor diaphragm in its seismic behaviour;
c) joints between beam and column (beam-to-column) that ensure in any direction the required degree of restraint in the frame system;
d) joints between column segments (column-to-column) used for multi-storey buildings usually for dual wall braced systems;
e) joints between column and foundation (column-to-foundation), able to ensure in any plane a fixed full support of the column;
f) fastenings of cladding panels to the structure (panel-to-structure) that ensure the stability of the panels under the high forces or the large drifts expected under seismic action;
g) joints between adjacent cladding panels (panel-to-panel) possibly used to increase the stiffness of the peripheral wall system and provide an additional source of energy dissipation.
Simple bearings working by gravity load friction are not considered. Sliding and elastic deformable supporting devices neither, being all these types of connections not suitable for the transmission of seismic actions.
The document provides formulae for the strength design of a large number of joint typologies.
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