In recent years, both researchers and practicing engineers worldwide have been investigating the effect of live load distribution on concrete bridges during design, evaluation, and construction. Papers discussing live load distribution issues and innovation for concrete bridge decks and/or supporting girders were considered for inclusion in this Special Publication. Papers in the following areas of interest were sought: AASHTO methodology, other available codes/specification provisions, simplification of the AASHTO methodology, traffic non-parallel to girders, construction stage issues, partial composite deck-girder systems, long-span girders, slab-span structures, and bridges with missing as-built plans.
To exchange international experiences among a global group of researchers, ACI Committees 343 and 342 organized two sessions entitled “Live Load Distribution on Concrete Bridges: Design, Evaluation, Construction and Innovation” at the Fall 2021 ACI Virtual Convention. This Special Publication contains the technical papers from experts who presented their work at these sessions. The first session was focused on girder bridges and the second session was focused on non-girder bridges. The technical papers in this Special Publication are organized in the order in which they were presented at the ACI Convention.
Overall, in this Special Publication, authors from different backgrounds and geographical locations share their experiences and perspectives on how live load distribution affects concrete bridges during design, evaluation, and construction. Contributions were made from different regions of the world, and the technical papers were authored by experts at universities, government agencies, and private companies.
The co-editors, Dr. Nur Yazdani and Dr. Benjamin Dymond, are grateful for the contributions from the Special Publication authors and sincerely value the time and effort of the authors in preparing the papers in this volume. Furthermore, the Special Publication would not have been possible without the effort expended by the experts who peer reviewed the papers in this volume.
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Durability is one of the most important requirements for built-environments. Federal, state, and local agencies expend significant effort to maintain the quality and condition of aging civil infrastructure, especially in aggressive service environments. Among many factors, durability influences the service life, integrity, and reliability of concrete materials and structures. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the deterioration mechanisms of concrete in an effort to extend the longevity of concrete members. This Special Publication (SP) contains nine papers selected from three technical sessions held during the virtual ACI Fall Convention in October 2021. Emphasis is placed on durable reinforcing schemes, service life prediction, structural integrity, repair and retrofit, corrosion mitigation, inspection techniques, and the application of state-of-the-art construction materials. All manuscripts were reviewed by at least two experts in accordance with the ACI publication policy. The Editors wish to thank all contributing authors and anonymous reviewers for their rigorous efforts. The Editors also gratefully acknowledge Ms. Barbara Coleman at ACI for her knowledgeable guidance.
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This special publication draws inspiration from the Technical Session entitled “The Concrete Industry in the Era of Artificial Intelligence,” held during the ACI Virtual Concrete Convention in spring 2020. To parallel the Technical Session, this special publication is also tailored to showcase the unprecedented potential of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) methods—including its derivatives of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)—in the concrete industry as a whole.
The idea behind this effort started as a thought during an ACI Committee 216 meeting. From there, both ACI Committees 444 (Chair: Thomas Schumacher) and 554 (Chair: Liberato Ferrara) displayed interest in co-sponsoring this special publication. This special publication comprises fifteen papers (five from our panelists and ten received from authors representing academia and the concrete industry). This collection of papers covers the use of various AI techniques at the material level (i.e., concrete performance and mass-scale testing, property predictions, and optimization, etc.), elemental level (e.g., behavioral and capacity prediction of slabs, walls, beams, and anchorages, etc.), as
well as system level (viz. damage and crack detection of concrete bridges and concrete composite structures).
We are very thankful to ACI, the ACI Technical Activities Committee, as well as all three technical committees. Your kind support and commitment have not only allowed us to explore a new realm of possibilities but have also enabled us to set the stage towards a new and modern future to our industry. Special thanks go to our panelists and contributors who were very kind to share their most recent research and unique ideas pertaining to infusing AI solutions to various problems within our domain. In addition, we send our warm regards to our reviewers, ACI staff, and Ms. Barbara A. Coleman for her help in setting up and editing this effort.
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In July 1983, the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET) of Natural Resources Canada, in association with the American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, sponsored a five-day international conference at Montebello, Quebec, Canada, on the use of fly ash, silica fume, slag and other mineral by-products in concrete. The conference brought together representatives from industry, academia, and government agencies to present the latest information on these materials and to explore new areas of needed research. Since then, eight other such conferences have taken place around the world (Madrid, Trondheim, Istanbul, Milwaukee, Bangkok, Madras, Las Vegas, and Warsaw). The 2007 Warsaw conference was the last in this series.
In 2017, due to renewed interest in alternative and sustainable binders and supplementary cementitious materials, a new series was launched by the Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS); ACI; and the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction materials, Systems, and Structures (RILEM). They, in association with a number of other organizations in Canada, the United States, and the Caribbean, sponsored the 10th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete (ICCM2017). The conference was held in Montréal, QB, Canada, from October 2 to 4, 2017. The conference proceedings, containing 50 refereed papers from more than 33 countries, were published as ACI SP-320.
In 2021, the UdeS, ACI, and RILEM, in association with Université de Toulouse and a number of other organizations in Canada, the United States, and Europe, sponsored the 11th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete (ICCM2021). The conference was held online from June 7 to 10, 2021. The conference proceedings, containing 53 peer reviewed papers from more than 14 countries, are published as ACI SP-349.
The purpose of this international conference was to present the latest scientific and technical information in the field of supplementary cementitious materials and novel binders for use in concrete. The conference highlights recent advances in the field of alternative and sustainable binders and supplementary cementitious materials, which are receiving increasing attention from the research community.
To all those whose submissions could not be included in the conference proceedings, the Institute and the Conference Organizing Committee extend their appreciation for their interest and hard work.
Thanks are extended to the members of the international scientific committee to review the papers. Without their dedicated efforts, the proceedings could not have been published for distribution at the conference. The cooperation of the authors in accepting reviewers’ suggestions and revising their manuscripts accordingly is greatly appreciated.
The assistance of Ms. Chantal Brien, Secretary of ICCM2021, at the Université de Sherbrooke is greatly acknowledged for the administrative work associated with the conference and for processing the manuscripts, both ACI SP and supplementary volume.
Arezki Tagnit Hamou, Editor
Chairman, eleventh ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete (ICCM2021).
Sherbrooke, Canada
2021
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This special publication grew out of the Technical Session entitled “Application of ACI 351-C Report on Dynamic Foundations,” held at the ACI Spring 2019 Convention in Québec City, Québec. Following this event, Committee 351 decided to undertake a special publication with contributions from those session participants willing to develop their presentations into full-length papers. Three papers included in the current publication were contributed by these presenters and their coauthors, with six additional papers provided by others. All but one of the papers deal with the subject matter of ACI 351.3—Foundations for Dynamic Equipment—updated in 2018. The one exception (the paper of Wang and Fang on wind turbine foundations) provides valuable information to engineers dealing with a lack of consistent design criteria among various codes for reinforced concrete foundations subjected to high-cycle fatigue loads.
I would like to thank the members of ACI Committee 351 for their support, in particular the current main Committee and Subcommittee C Chairpersons Susan Isble and Dr. Mukti L. Das, respectively. I also wish to express my gratitude to the authors for their perseverance through the difficult circumstances of 2020, and to the reviewers who generously contributed their time and expertise to this publication.
Last, but not least, I want to thank my wife Cindy for tolerating me (and the growing piles of paper) over the past several months as the deadline approached.
Carl A. Nelson
On behalf of ACI Committee 351
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A Sustainable built-environment requires a comprehensive process from material selection through to reliable management. Although traditional materials and methods still dominate the design and construction of our civil infrastructure, nonconventional reinforcing and strengthening methods for concrete bridges and structures can address the functional and economic challenges facing modern society. The use of advanced materials, such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), alleviates the unfavorable aspects of every-day practices, offers many new opportunities, and promotes strategies that will be cost-effective, durable, and readily maintainable. Field demonstration is imperative to validate the innovative concepts and findings of laboratory research. Furthermore, documented case studies add value to the evaluation of emerging and maturing technologies, identify successful applications or aspects needing refinement, and ultimately inspire future endeavors. This Special Publication (SP) contains nine papers selected from three technical sessions held during the virtual ACI Fall Convention of October 2020. The first and second series of papers discuss retrofit and strengthening of super- and substructure members with a variety of techniques; and the remaining papers address new construction of bridges with internal FRP reinforcing and prestressing in beam, slabs, decks and retaining walls. All manuscripts were reviewed by at least two experts in accordance with the ACI publication policy. The Editors wish to thank all contributing authors and anonymous reviewers for their rigorous efforts. The Editors also gratefully acknowledge Ms. Barbara Coleman at ACI for her knowledgeable guidance.
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Several state-of-the-art sessions on textile-reinforced concrete/fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (TRC/FRCM) were organized by ACI Committee 549 in collaboration with RILEM TC MCC during the ACI Fall 2019 Convention in Cincinnati, OH, and the ACI Virtual Technical Presentations in June 2020. The forum provided a unique opportunity to collect information and present knowledge in the field of TRC and FRCM as sustainable construction materials. The term TRC is typically used for new construction applications whereas the term FRCM refers to the repair applications of existing concrete and masonry. Both methods use a textile mesh as reinforcement and a cementitious-based matrix component and, due to high tensile and flexural strength and ductility, can be used to support structural loads. The technical sessions aimed to promote the technology, and document and develop recommendations for testing, design, and analysis, as well as to showcase the key features of these ductile and strong cement composite systems. New methods for characterization of key parameters were presented, and the results were collected towards the development
of technical and state-of-the-art papers. Textile types include polymer-based (low and high stiffness), glass, natural, basalt, carbon, steel, and hybrid, whereas the matrix can include cementitious, geopolymers, and lightweight matrix (aggregates). Additives such as short fibers, fillers, and nanomaterials were also considered. The sessions were attended by researchers, designers, students, and participants from the construction and fiber industries. The presence of people with different expertise and from different regions of the world provided a unique opportunity to share knowledge and promote collaborative efforts. The experience of an online technical forum was a success and may be used for future opportunities. The workshop technical sessions chairs sincerely thank the ACI staff for doing a wonderful job in organizing the virtual sessions and ACI TC 549 and Rilem TC MCC for the collaboration.
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BS EN 1992-1-1:2023 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures
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Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE, volume 368)
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE 2022)
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Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an advanced cement-based composite material with compressive strength of over 120 MPa, high toughness, and superior durability. Since its development in the early 1990s, UHPC has attracted great interest worldwide due to its advantages. This book covers material selection and mixture design methods for developing UHPC, as well as the performance of UHPC, including fresh and hardened properties, setting and hardening, dimensional stability, static and dynamic properties, durability, long-term properties, and self-healing properties.
A range of potential applications and case studies are presented to illustrate how UHPC meets requirements for lightweight, high-rise, large-span, heavy-load bearing, fast-construction, and highly durable structures in civil and construction engineering. Also introduced is a typical new concrete, seawater sea-sand UHPC, which avoids the use of freshwater and river sand in marine construction.
The first book to fully cover the design, performance, and applications of UHPC, this is ideal for concrete
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