Linking London:
The Millennium Bridge
by:
Tony Fitzpatrick FREng
Pat Dallard
Sophie Le Bourva
Angus Low
Roger Ridsdill Smith
Michael Willford
This paper describes the structure of the London Millennium Footbridge.
The bridge opened on the 10th June 2000. During the opening day unexpected lateral movements occurred as pedestrians crossed the bridge. The paper describes the events of opening day and goes on to describe the research and analysis that was carried out as a result of these movements.
The lateral force exerted by pedestrians on the moving deck surface is found to be related to the velocity of the moving surface. The paper quantifies this relationship. The results show that the phenomenon is not related to the technical innovations of the bridge and that the same phenomenon could occur on any bridge with a lateral frequency below around 1.3Hz loaded with a sufficient number of pedestrians. A selection of other bridges, including one roadbridge found to have exhibited the same phenomenon, are listed.
No evidence of the same effect was detected vertically; a proposal for a vertical pedestrian crowd load model is made using random vibration theory.
Finally, the modification works being carried out on the bridge to reduce these movements
are described
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
5) DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AIRCRAFT BRIDGES - JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING / NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2001
6) ERECTION OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES HAVING COMPOSITE DECKS WITH PRECAST CONCRETE SLABS - JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING / SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2001
7) EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF HORIZONTALLY CURVED I-GIRDER BRIDGE BEHAVIOR - JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING / NOVEMBER 2000
8) FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF STEEL GIRDER HIGHWAY BRIDGES - JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING / AUGUST 1997
9) FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL UPDATING FOR THE KAP SHUI MUN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE - JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING / JULY/AUGUST 2001
10) INELASTIC DESIGN OF STEEL I-GIRDER BRIDGES - JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING / AUGUST 2000
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
By Peter W. Christensen, A. Klarbring"An introduction to structural optimization (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications)"
Publisher: Springer | Pages: 220 | 2008-11-01 | ISBN: 1402086652 | PDF | 3.5 MB
This textbook gives an introduction to all three classes of geometry optimization problems of mechanical structures: sizing, shape and topology optimization. The style is explicit and concrete, focusing on problem formulations and numerical solution methods. The treatment is detailed enough to enable readers to write their own implementations. On the book's homepage, programs may be downloaded that further facilitate the learning of the material covered.
The mathematical prerequisites are kept to a bare minimum, making the book suitable for undergraduate, or beginning graduate, students of mechanical or structural engineering. Practicing engineers working with structural optimization software would also benefit from reading this book.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
This book represents the most comprehensive description of the physical findings of an investigation into the spatio-temporal characteristics of the gravity of breaking waves and the foam activity in open sea by methods and instruments of optical and microwave remote sensing.
The study of physical and electrodynamics' properties of the gravity wave breaking processes and the foam spatio-temporal activity is an important facet of satellite oceanography, ocean engineering, air-sea interaction and ocean remote sensing. In particular, the contribution of foam formations of various types to the mean and the spatio-temporal variations of radio emission, back-scattering, IR and optical parameters of the disturbed sea surface is highly significant. The statistical characteristics of wave breaking and attendant foam forming are very important to ocean wave dynamics. The study and measurement of spatio-temporal characteristics of wave breaking and sea foam formations are of fundamental importance in ocean remote sensing.
Much emphasis is placed on the physical aspects of breaking processes necessary to measure the possibilities and limitations of remote sensing methods in specific observation cases of an oceanic surface. Numerous practical applications and illustrations are provided from air-borne, ship-borne and laboratory up-to-date experiments.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Book overview
This book is the first of a two volume set which provides a complete and thorough treatment of the principles and techniques used in the design and construction of a building. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to bring it into line with recent changes in British Standards and developments in construction techniques while retaining the comprehensive approach for which it is renowned.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
In STRUDS recently i design a sample building. STRUDS design the slabs and beams with centre to centre distance between the columns only what about overhanging portion of the slabs and beams.
Useful spread sheets for RC & steel design to BS codes.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Seismic capacity evaluation of post-tensioned concrete
Seismic capacity evaluation of post-tensioned concrete slab-column frame buildings designed only
for gravity loads and wind load is presented. The series of nonlinear pushover analyses are carried out
by using the computer program SAP2000. An equivalent frame model with explicit transverse torsional
members is introduced for modeling slab-column connections. The analyses are carried out by following
guidelines in ATC-40 and FEMA-273/274, where several important factors such as P-Delta effects, strength
and stiffness contributions from masonry infill walls, and foundation flexibility are well taken into account.
The pushover analysis results, presented in the form of capacity curves, are compared with the seismic
demand from the expected earthquake ground motion for Bangkok and then the seismic performance can
be evaluated. Numerical examples are performed on the 9- and 30-storey post-tension flat-plate buildings
in Bangkok. The results show that in general post-tensioned concrete slab-column frame buildings without
shear wall possess relatively low lateral stiffness, low lateral strength capacity, and poor inelastic response
characteristics. The evaluation also shows that the slab-column frame combined with the shear wall system
and drop panel can increase the strength and stiffness significantly.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Structural Engineering International - from Nr.1/2008 to Nr.4/2008
Structural Engineering International (SEI), the quarterly Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), is the leading international journal of structural engineering dealing with all types of structures and materials.
SEI offers its readers a unique blend of short profiles on recent structures, and longer, in-depth technical articles on research, development, design, construction and maintenance. Articles are written by practicing engineers and academia from around the world and reflect the high standards of IABSE. All technical articles are reviewed by the IABSE SEI Editorial Board, with collaboration of over 250 experts and over 20 Correspondents. IABSE Peer Review stamps are given to papers that have passed through a highly selective review process and demonstrate a significant contribution to the state of structural engineering knowledge. To recognise contributions of the highest quality, an Outstanding Paper Award is presented each year.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
![[Image: 32135246063087801786.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/32135246063087801786.jpg)
![[Image: info.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/info.png)
![[Image: screen.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/screen.png)
![[Image: 38869437960602941131.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/38869437960602941131.jpg)
![[Image: 13696311398660272118.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/13696311398660272118.jpg)
![[Image: Download.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/Download.png)
![[Image: password.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/password.png)
![[Image: 11585656155530215866.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/11585656155530215866.jpg)
![[Image: 92104565998372128668.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/92104565998372128668.jpg)
![[Image: 55503701826697701334.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/55503701826697701334.jpg)
![[Image: 00415142088936195642.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/00415142088936195642.jpg)
![[Image: 72908485340172543214.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/72908485340172543214.jpg)
![[Image: 23168359320449339529.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/23168359320449339529.jpg)
![[Image: 79412473308485775869.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/79412473308485775869.jpg)
![[Image: 99141527037492800681.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/99141527037492800681.jpg)
![[Image: 84757723697717030668.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/84757723697717030668.jpg)
![[Image: 72962971123191459113.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/72962971123191459113.jpg)
![[Image: 62855589133285225532.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/62855589133285225532.jpg)