Prediction of vertical deflections for a long span prestressed concrete bridge structure
This paper presents the results of a bridge monitoring program after nine years of data collection. The North Halawa Valley Viaduct on the Hawaiian island of Oahu was nstrumented extensively during construction in 1994. The objective of the instrumentation program was to monitor both short-term and long-term behavior of the viaduct. The primary instruments used for vertical deflection, span shortening, and concrete strain monitoring are described. Short-term vertical deflections and bending strains measured during a load test of the structure are compared with analytical predictions using a commercial finite element analysis program.
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Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences
Author(s): Malcolm G.Anderson, Jeffrey J.McDonnell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Date : 2005
Pages : 3174
Format : PDF
Quality : Excellent
Language : English
ISBN-10 : 0471491039
ISBN-13 :
Size: 63 MB
Info:
The field of hydrological science deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of water on the earth. The science of hydrology holds a unique and central place in the field of earth system science, intimately linked with other water-related disciplines such as meteorology, climatology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, and ecology. Beyond basic scientific interest, water quantity and water quality have become two of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. The first comprehensive hydrological studies began in the late 1600s with Pierre Perrault’s field studies of the hydrological cycle and Edmund Halley’s experiments on evaporation. However, it was not until the mid-1850s that Henry Darcy quantified the hydraulics of groundwater flow and the linear relation between velocity and hydraulic gradient. Since then, and especially through the latter twentieth century, knowledge generation in the hydrological sciences exploded with new discoveries in each of the components of the hydrological cycle.
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The first stage:
necessary to make proper placement of the pile. because I need to see that all the piles load. determined that during the spring instead of the lower ends to define a simple support is required. At this point in work to identify support required. otherwise the analysis to the structure because of stability problems are likely to be false. If you grasp this point better.Definition of ground to make at this stage is not important. target properly distribute the loads on piles.
The second stage:
After placement of piling poles 1 m Search for the spring constants are defined with the horizontal directions. the vertical direction, the maximum displacement of the lower end of the target in mind (for example, 25 mm for high buildings. may.) geotechnical engineer to receive the maximum stiffness of pile capacities need to assign. If you have, if the capacity of 500 tons of piles of 500 tons / 0,025 m = 20,000 tons / m is the spring constant. only in base vertical spring coeff. The result is a single point only to the vertical control of our calculations will prevent mistakes . vertical control of the account as a result of our mistakes in front of just a single point will do.
together with the analysis of the structure can no longer pile. layout and design of reinforced concrete and reinforcement stress neticesindeki elections are held.
Hi everyone,
I'd like to ask Ram Concept users about how should I draw the perimeter beams of a slab that's Curved, without having errors in Meshing like "operation stopped at (X,Y)" and when You look at the finite element mesh at some places parts of the beams are Gone,what is the problem In this Case.
User's Guide to ASTM Specification C94 on Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM Manual) (Astm Manual Series, Mnl 49)
By D. Gene Daniel; Colin L. Lobo
Publisher: ASTM International
Number Of Pages: 130
Publication Date: 2005-01-01
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0803133634
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780803133631
Product Description:
ASTM C 94 covers the complex subject of ready-mixed concrete. This manual, co-published by ASTM International and the National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association, provides a complete and detailed explanation of C 94's uses and applications. It cuts through the broad language of the standard by using straightforward explanations and examples. Twenty comprehensive chapters plus an overview cover: • Background of ASTM C 94/C 94M • Scope • Referenced Documents • Basis of Purchase • Ordering Information • Materials • Tolerances in Slump • Air-Entrained Concrete • Measuring Materials • Batching Plant • Mixers and Agitators • Mixing and Delivery • Uses of Nonagitating Equipment • Batch Ticket Information • Plant Inspection • Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting • Sampling and Testing Fresh Concrete • Failure to Meet Strength Requirements • Keywords • Annex of Mandatory Information
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1--Scope
Chapter 2--Referenced Documents
Chapter 3--Basis of Purchase
Chapter 4reOrdering Information
Chapter 5--Materials
Chapter 6--Tolerances in Slump
Chapter 7--Air-Entrained Concrete
Chapter 8--Measuring Materials
Chapter 9--Batching Plant
Chapter 10mMixers and Agitators
Chapter 11 ~Mixing and Delivery
Chapter 12--Use of Nonagitating Equipment
Chapter 13~Batch Ticket Information
Chapter 14--Plant Inspection
Chapter 15--Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting
Chapter 16~Sampling and Testing Fresh Concrete
Chapter 17~Strength
Chapter 18--Failure to Meet Strength Requirements
Chapter 19~Keywords
Chapter 20~Annex (Mandatory Information)
References
Appendix--ASTM C 94-35
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FIP Model Code 2010 - First complete draft - Bulletins 55 & 56
fib Bulletin No. 55 & 56
Title: Model Code 2010 - First complete draft, Volumes 1 & 2
Category: Draft model code
Year: 2010
Pages: 318 & 312
Format approx. DIN A4 (210x297 mm)
ISBN: 978-2-88394-095-6 & 978-2-88394-096-3
The Model Code for Concrete Structures is intended to serve as a basis for future codes. It takes into account new developments with respect to concrete structures, the structural material concrete and new ideas for the requirements to be formulated for structures in order to achieve optimum behaviour according to new insights and ideas. It is also intended as a source of information for updating existing codes or developing new codes for concrete structures. At the same time, the Model Code is intended as an operational document for normal design situations and structures.
This edition of the Model Code gives an extensive state-of-the-art regarding material properties for structural concrete. This includes constitutive relations for concrete up to strength class C120, and properties of reinforcing and prestressing steel, including prestressing systems. Special attention is given to the application of fibre concrete for structural applications, the application of non-metallic reinforcement, interface characteristics, verification assisted by numerical simulations, verification assisted by testing, and to a number of important construction aspects.
The Model Code 2010 is more 'life cycle' oriented than its predecessors. Reliability plays an important part: various methods are offered to cope with this aspect. The design of concrete structures is described for a large number of conditions. Design criteria are given with relation to reliability, functionality, durability and sustainability, where the last category is in the state of development. The chapter on conservation of structures provides insights into the degradation of concrete as a function of various types of environmental conditions. Attention is given to non-traditional types of reinforcement as well, like steel fibres and FRP, which have reached a status of recognition in the previous years.
Design rules for serviceability and ultimate limit states are given for a wide range of conditions, such as static and non-static loading (fatigue, impact and explosion, earthquake), high and low temperatures (fire and cryogenic). Furthermore limit states for durability are given. Design for sustainability will be an important task in the future; here some initial ideas are given. Design for robustness is also given due attention.
This document is the first complete draft of the fib Model Code 2010, and as such, it is open to suggestions for improvement. After comments and feedback have been received from the fib Commissions and duly taken into consideration, the final document will be submitted to the fib General Assembly for approval and then publication as the final version of the fib Model Code 2010.
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ABSTRACT
The recent advances in ground anchor technology and the related techniques of cable bolting and rock bolting are reviewed. Collectively the technology associated with the three techniques enable design engineers to address stability problems over a range of scales and in a range of geomechanical environments.
The techniques have similar aims but have developed into separate disciplines with unique attributes. The procedures for designing and creating ground anchors that meet the stringent requirements associated with modern civil infrastructure are discussed. This contrasts the very different design approaches being developed in rock bolting and cable bolting where standards are less exacting but the design problems can sometimes be more complex.
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