Commentary on BS 5400-3: 2000 Code of practice for the design of steel bridges SCI PUBLICATION P295
The use of steel and composite construction for bridges is now recognised as economical over a wide range of spans and is versatile in the many forms in which it may be applied. This Commentary is one of several documents published by The Steel Construction Institute to provide guidance for the designers of steel and composite bridges. The guides are intended for practising engineers, to enable them to apply the design codes with ease.
The Commentary discusses in detail the provisions in the clauses of BS 5400-3:2000, provides background information where appropriate and comments on their practical application. The comments and discussion represent the considered opinion of experienced engineers and researchers. In some cases information about the basis of the clauses has been difficult to obtain; for such cases, the commentary presents the consensus view of the background to these clauses.
The scope of this publication is limited to those aspects of BS 5400-3: 2000 most commonly used by bridge designers. Comments are given on a clause-by-clause basis. The design of cross frames and diaphragms in box girder design (Clauses 9.16 and 9.17) is not discussed.
The Commentary is intended as a reference document to be used in conjunction with the Code. References and comparisons are made to other codes where appropriate (viz. BS 5950, BS EN 10025 and BS 153). References are given at the end of each principal Section and are referred to in the text in the form[2.3], where ‘2’ indicates Section 2 and ‘3’ is the third reference in that Section.
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This document is a guide to the design of stainless steel structures for engineers. The guide gives design recommendations, design examples, section properties and member capacities for commonly used stainless steel sections. This guide applies to the design of the grades of stainless steel that are widely used in structural applications, including the austenitic grades 1.4301 (304), 1.4401 (316) and their low carbon variants. Duplex grades 1.4362 (SAF 2304) and 1.4462 (2205) are also covered. The recommendations on structural design given in the guide have, as far as is practicable, been harmonized with BS 5950-1: 2000. The guide gives recommendations on how to select the most appropriate grade of stainless steel for a given application. It provides information on the mechanical properties, physical properties and design strength of stainless steel. The guide covers aspects of material behaviour, cross-section design, member design, connections, fabrication and fire resistant design. Design examples are included to illustrate the use of the design recommendations.
Based on these design recommendations, a comprehensive set of design tables is presented, giving gross and effective section properties, section classification and member capacities for a wide range of cold formed stainless steel sections. The structural forms covered by the design tables are circular, rectangular and square hollow sections, channels, double channels back to back, equal angles and equal angles back to back. The grades of stainless steel covered in the tables are austenitic stainless steel grades 1.4301 (304), 1.4401 (316), 1.4404 (316L) and the duplex grades 1.4362 (SAF 2304) and 1.4462 (2205).
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The purpose of this guide is to advise structural engineers, architects and fabricators of the properties and capabilities of iron, carbon steel and stainless steel castings. It emphasises that the high strength, ductility and toughness of these castings, coupled with their efficient production method, offer cost-effective solutions for a variety of structural components. Additionally, castings have excellent surface finish, together with good welding and machining characteristics. Functional shapes can be streamlined to give the best combination of strength, stiffness, slenderness and weight, thus saving on materials and minimising manufacturing costs. The guide explains the basic processes and techniques of casting and provides information for the designer on welding, surface finishes, tolerances and inspection and testing methods. The guide emphasises that the specification of the correct casting techniques and the appropriate level of quality are very important and require close liaison between the foundry and the design and construction teTahme .
procurement process is explained and illustrated with flowcharts. Appendices give exampleos f recent projects using structural castings, including four detailed case histories featuring main trussc onnections, glazing connections, beam to column connections and compression members in a bridge. Lists of sources of further information and the addresses of some UK foundries are also given.
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A concrete filled structural hollow section provides architects and engineers with a robust and inherently fire resistance column. This publication contains design information for these columns for both the normal and fire conditions. The information is based on Eurocode 4. Also included are case studies illustrating the use of concrete filled columns and practical guidance on concrete filling and connection design. Design software, ConcFill 2, is described which will analyse sections for the normal and fire conditions.
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This publication offers guidance to structural engineers considering, specifying and checking site welding. Its purpose is to create a better understanding and confidence in site welding, and to provide sufficient information to enable non-specialist structural engineers to manage site welding successfully.
Many features of site welding common to both shop and site welding are covered in sufficient detail to provide background to the site-specific guidance. Site practice for cutting and welding both new and existing material on site is described, together with
advice on the issues to be considered prior to specifying site welding. Although the structural engineer is unlikely to be directly responsible for certain activities, such as preparing welding procedure specifications, activities outside the structural designer’s
responsibility are described in order to cover the subject comprehensively.
This publication includes sections on: welding structural steel and other materials, site practices and procedures, designing for site welding, quality assurance and weld testing. The publication does not replace expert welding advice. Qualified welding engineers should be consulted for specific advice in situations outside the scope of this publication.
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Chinese workers build 15-story hotel in just six days - ARK HOTEL
A construction crew in the south-central Chinese city of Changsha has completed a 15-story hotel in just six days. If nothing else, this remarkable achievement will stoke further complaints from American economic pundits that China's economy is far more accomplished than ours in tending to such basics as construction.
The work crew erected the hotel -- a soundproofed, thermal-insulated structure reportedly built to withstand a magnitude 9 earthquake -- with all prefabricated materials. In other words, a crew of off-site factory workers built the sections, and their on-site counterparts arranged them on the foundation for the Ark project. Despite the frenetic pace of construction, no workers were injured -- and thanks to the prefab nature of the process, the builders wasted very few construction materials.
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This book has evolved from over 30 years of teaching advanced seniors and first-term graduate students a core course on the application of the full-range field theory of deformable solids for analysis and design. It is presented to help teachers meet the challenges of leading students in their exciting discovery of the unifying field theories of elasticity and plasticity in a new era of powerful machine computation for students with little experimental experience and no exposure to drawing and graphic analysis. The intention is to concentrate on fundamental concepts, basic applications, simple problems yet unsolved, inverse strategies for optimum design, unanswered questions, and unresolved paradoxes in the hope that the enthusiasm of the past can be recaptured and that our continued fascination with the subject is made contagious.
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dear all
herein an excellant video about Triaxial soil test
for honesty , this video was prepared by my friend who is study a MASTER DEGREE in U.S.A
I hope to enjoy
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Precast Concrete: Materials, Manufacture, Properties and Usage
M.Levitt
Head—Materials Science Department,
John Laing Research and Development Limited,
Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, UK
@2004.the Taylor & Francis e-Library
ISBN 0203798813 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0853349940 (Print Edition)
Size of zip file: 13.4 mb
233 pages
This book is intended to meet the need for a general treatise on precast concrete, as the last relevant book on this subject was published in 1961. Since then there have been several publications dealing with particular parts of the subject which serve as useful back-up reading, but the precast concrete industry is complex and needs to be discussed in both general and particular terms over a large number of subject areas.
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BS ISO 10332:2010 Non-destructive testing of steel tubes — Automated ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness
This International Standard specifies requirements for automated ultrasonic shear-wave (generated by single element probes or the phased-array technique) testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arcwelded) steel tubes, for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness.
The testing technique is applied for the detection of predominantly longitudinal imperfections. Where applicable, Lamb-wave testing may be applied at the discretion of the manufacturer. This International Standard is applicable to the inspection of tubes with an outside diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm, and with an outside diameter-to-thickness ratio greater than or equal to 5.
:JC_cheers:
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