From Charpy to Present Impact Testing contains 52 peer-reviewed papers selected from those presented at the Charpy Centenary Conference held in Poitiers, France, 2-5 October 2001.
The name of Charpy remains associated with impact testing on notched specimens. At a time when many steam engines exploded, engineers were preoccupied with studying the resistance of steels to impact loading.
The Charpy test has provided invaluable indications on the impact properties of materials. It revealed the brittle ductile transition of ferritic steels.
The Charpy test is able to provide more quantitative results by instrumenting the striker, which allows the evolution of the applied load during the impact to be determined. The Charpy test is of great importance to evaluate the embrittlement of steels by irradiation in nuclear reactors. Progress in computer programming has allowed for a computer model of the test to be developed; a difficult task in view of its dynamic, three dimensional, adiabatic nature. Together with precise observations of the processes of fracture, this opens the possibility of transferring quantitatively the results of Charpy tests to real components. This test has also been extended to materials other than steels, and is also frequently used to test polymeric materials.
Thus the Charpy test is a tool of great importance and is still at the root of a number of investigations; this is the reason why it was felt that the centenary of the Charpy test had to be celebrated. The Socit Fran§aise de Mtallurgie et de Matriaux decided to organise an international conference which was put under the auspices of the European Society for the Integrity of Structures (ESIS).
This Charpy Centenary Conference (CCC 2001) was held in Poitiers, at Futuroscope in October 2001. More than 150 participants from 17 countries took part in the discussions and about one hundred presentations were given. An exhibition of equipment showed, not only present day testing machines, but also one of the first Charpy pendulums, brought all the way from Imperial College in London.
From Charpy to Present Impact Testing puts together a number of significant contributions. They are classified into 6 headings:
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This book is an overview of ESIS Technical Committee 4's activities since the mid-1980s. A wide range of tests is described and the numerous authors is a reflection of the wide and enthusiastic support we have had.
With the establishment of the Technical Committee 4, two major areas were identified as appropriate for the activity. Firstly there was an urgent need for standard, fracture mechanics based, test methods to be designed for polymers and composites. A good deal of academic work had been done, but the usefulness to industry was limited by the lack of agreed standards. Secondly there was a perceived need to explore the use of such data in the design of plastic parts. Some modest efforts were made in early meetings to explore this, but little progress was made. In contrast things moved along briskly in the standards work and this has dominated the activity for the last fourteen years. The design issue remains a future goal.
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Product Description:
Modifiers have been used to improve the performance of asphalt/aggregate mixtures for building roads for over the past hundred years and during that time the industry has evolved into a sophisticated sector that is heavily regulated by national and European standards.
The modifiers used take many different forms: polymers, latex, and many chemical additives. Determining how modifiers actually affect the performance of a mixture and establishing construction quality control procedures for these modifiers can be extremely difficult. In the past these difficulties have caused many specifying agencies to avoid the use of mixture modifiers when they could be of benefit to the performance of the road.
This review explores the type of polymers used in asphalt, why they are used, where they are used in terms of applications and the benefits they offer to industry and the road user. In particular, the reader will understand how polymers can be used to enhance the functionality of asphalt, that is to overcome deterioration mechanisms by enhancing asphalt stiffnessorflexibility,orby making it more resistant to deformation (rutting) caused by traffic.
This review of polymers in asphalt is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library. It is aimed at anyone who has an interest in polymers and their highway applications.
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Product Description:
"The construction industry increasingly requires products that are cost effective and easy to use, to enable fast track application whilst achieving a high physical performance. Incorporating a polymer in a cementitious mix brings key advantages, particularly in terms of workability, abrasion and impact resistance, with the resulting physical and chemical properties dependent upon the nature of the polymer material and the quantity used in relation to the cement phase.
This Rapra Handbook is intended to provide an insight into the uses of polymers within the construction industry. It describes the conception of polymer-modified cementitious materials through to the array of polymer-basedorpolymer-modified material utilised in modern day construction.
It not only covers the use of polymers in direct combination with cement but polymer concrete, impregnation of polymers into the concrete substrate and other polymer-based products, (i.e., coatings and adhesives). Both natural and synthetic polymers are reviewed.
This book is aimed at all those who are working with cement, and also at anyone who needs more information about this most versatile of materials, offering insight into:
the common polymers used in cementitious materials polymer concrete polymer Portland cement concrete reinforcement using synthetic fibres adhesives and coatings "
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Author: Richard A. Kuntze. | Size: 3.3 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: ASTM International Publication | Year: 2009 | pages: 120 | ISBN: 978-0-8031-7015-5
The purpose of this manuscript is to close a perceived gap between the academic and applied aspects of gypsum science and technology since a textbook covering these subjects is not available. Moreover, academic publications seem to deal with relatively narrow subjects and are concerned with cataloguing research results with little applied interpretation. In contrast, the practical literature is dispersed over a wide range of sources and gives the distinct impression of being unfocused. It is hoped that closing this gap will help to solve problems or to clarify situations that technologists and engineers may encounter and that may not necessarily be well understood. Therefore, it is the intention to interpret the essential literature on gypsum and to place the information provided into its proper context. To achieve this, the characteristic properties of gypsum and cementitious materials derived from it have been discussed in terms of their strength and weaknesses, taking into consideration both historical and modern points of view. In any case, this manuscript is written in a manner which should make it acceptable and accessible not only to a specific audience but also to others generally interested in this subject.
An equally important reason for preparing this manuscript is the fact that misconceptions continue to resurface on key issues and these are unusually persistent. They touch on all categories from ancient history to modern properties such as dehydration, -hemihydrate formation, water demand, aging and disintegration, rehydration and setting, as well as physical characteristics such as strength and gypsum board nail pull resistance. This has been the case since the time of Lavoisier and Le Chatelier in the 18th and 19th century, who first dealt with the dehydration and rehydration of gypsum in a modern scientific manner. A contributing factor has been the recent replacement of scientific research with current issues. Process research has become a most diluted and misquoted phrase. To a degree, the decline of gypsum research reflects the shift from gypsum plaster applied in the field to the manufacture of gypsum board in plants.
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Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions-TM 5 1300
Edition year: 1990
File size: 73 Mb
PDF scanned copy - low quality
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Comprehensive coverage of micro and macro mechanics of composite materials.
* Case studies on designing composite materials and laminates.
* Uses both SI and U.S. Customary units throughout.
* This is the only book that covers laminated tubes and damage mechanics and the only one that presents an extensive array of actual experimental results for the nonlinear, inelastic response of polymeric and metallic matrix composites.
Table of contents:
The What and the Why of Fibrous Composites.
Concepts of Solid Mechanics.
3-D Constitutive Equations.
Plane Stress Constitutive Equations.
Lamination Theory.
Test Methods.
Material Response.
Interlaminar Stresses.
Failure and Damage.
Laminated Tubes.
Micromechanics.
Appendices.
Indexes.
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Please I need the BS 14505 specifications for cathodic protection of structures. I think this includes protection of concrete structures and concrete tanks.
Thanks in advance.
Fixes the equivalence of the principal terms used in the field of reliability of structures, in different languages (English, French, Russian and German). An annex contains approximate but simple definitions of, and commentary on, the terms listed, gives indications about their use and quotes the corresponding symbols and subscripts.
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EN 14399-1:2005
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 1: General requirements
This Part of this European standard specifies the general requirements for the components of bolt/nut/washer(s) assemblies for high-strength structural bolting, which are suitable for preloading and for the assemblies themselves.
EN 14399-2:2005
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 2: Suitability test for preloading
This part of this European Standard specifies a tightening test to verify the suitability of high strength bolt/nut/washer assemblies for preloaded bolted connection in metallic structures.
The purpose of this test is to check the behaviour of the fastener assembly so as to ensure that the required preload can be reliably obtained by the tightening methods specified in ENV 1090-1 with sufficient margins against over tightening and against failure.
EN 14399-3:2005
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 3: System HR - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
This part of this European Standard specifies, together with prEN 14399-1, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HR suitable for preloaded joints with large widths across flats, thread sizes M12 to M36 and property classes 8.8/8 and 10.9/10.
Bolt and nut assemblies to this part of this European Standard have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fubВґAs according to ENV 1993-1-1 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
Вѕ nut height according to style 1 (see ISO 4032)
Вѕ thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888
Bolt and nut assemblies to this part of this European Standard include washers according to prEN 14399-6 or to prEN 14399-5 (under the nut only).
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolts are correctly used if satisfactory result are to be ob-tained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to ENV 1090-1 is made.
The test method for suitability for preloading is specified in prEN 14399-2.
EN 14399-4:2005
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 4: System HV - Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
This part of this European standard Standard specifies together with prEN 14399-1 the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HV suitable for preloaded joints with large widths across flats, thread sizes M 12 to M 36 and property classes 10.9/10.
Bolt and nut assemblies to this part of this European Standard have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub Вґ As *) according to ENV 1993-1-1 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic deformation of the engaged threads. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
Вѕ nut height approximately 0,8 d
Вѕ bolt with short thread length
Bolt and nut assemblies to this part of this European standard Standard include washers according to prEN 14399-6 or to prEN 14399-5 (under the nut only).
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolts are correctly used if satisfactory result are to be
obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to ENV 1090-1 is made.
The test method for suitability for preloading is specified in prEN 14399-2.
Clamp lengths for the bolt/nut/washer assemblies are given in the normative Annex annex A.
EN 14399-5:2005
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 5: Plain washers
This part of this European Standard specifies, together with prEN 14399-1, hardened and tempered plain washers intended for assembly with large series hexagon high-strength structural bolts and nuts with threads from M12 to M36 inclusive. Washers according to this standard can be applied under the nut only.
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the washers are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to ENV 1090-1 is made.
EN 14399-6:2005
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 6: Plain chamfered washers
This part of this European Standard specifies, together with prEN 14399-1, hardened and tempered plain washers with chamfer intended for assembly with large series hexagon high-strength structural bolts and nuts with thread sizes from M12 to M36 inclusive.
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the washers are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained. For recommendations concerning proper application, reference to ENV 1090-1 is made.
EN 14399-7:2007
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 7: System HR - Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies
This document belongs to the suite of European Standards EN 14399 and is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 14399-1 for:
- general requirements;
- testing for conformity evaluation;
- evaluation of conformity;
- regulatory marking;
for assemblies of high-strength structural countersunk bolts and nuts of system HR suitable for preloaded joints with thread sizes M12 to M36 and bolt property classes 8.8 and 10.9 and EN 14399-2 for suitability testing.
This part gives requirements for:
- dimensions;
- associated washer(s) according to EN 14399-5 or to EN 14399-6;
- performance and suitability tests;
- for assemblies with thread sizes M12 to M36 and bolt property classes 8.8 and 10.9.
Countersunk bolt and nut assemblies to this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub п‚ґ As ) according to EN 1993-1-8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by elongation of the bolt. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- nut height according to style 1 (see ISO 4032),
- thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888.
EN 14399-8:2007
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 8: System HV - Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies
This document belongs to the suite of European Standards EN 14399 and is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 14399 -1 for:
- general requirements;
- testing for conformity evaluation;
- evaluation of conformity;
- regulatory marking;
for assemblies of high-strength structural fit bolts and nuts of system HV suitable for preloaded joints with, thread sizes M12 to M36 and bolt property class 10.9 and EN 14399-2 for suitability testing.
This part gives requirements for:
- dimensions;
- associated washer(s) according to EN 14399-6;
- performance and suitability tests
for assemblies with thread sizes M12 to M36 and bolt property class 10.9.
Assemblies of hexagon fit bolts with shaft diameter (d пЂ« 1 mm) and nuts according to this part of this European Standard have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub п‚ґ As ) according to EN 1993 1 8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by deformation of the engaged thread. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- nut height approximately 0,8 d;
- hexagon fit bolt with short thread length.
EN 14399-9:2009
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 9: System HR or HV - Direct tension indicators for bolt and nut assemblies
This document specifies, together with EN 14399-1, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts, with large width across flats, of system HR or HV, including the requirements for the general dimensions, tolerances, materials and performance for two grades, H8 and H10, of compressible washer-type direct tension indicators, nut face washers and bolt face washers suitable for preloaded joints. The assemblies include the nominal thread sizes M12 up to and including M36 and property classes 8.8/8, 8.8/10 and 10.9/10.
Bolt and nut assemblies to this document have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub Г— As according to EN 1993-1-8 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt for system HR according to EN 14399-3 or by plastic deformation of the engaged threads for system HV according to EN 14399-4; also countersunk and fit bolts according to EN 14399-7 and -8 respectively.
Bolt and nut assemblies conforming to this document may include washer(s) according to EN 14399-6 or to EN 14399-5 (under the nut only).
The purpose of the direct tension indicators is to show that a defined preload is achieved in the bolt. The direct tension indicator can be used alone or with bolt face washers or nut face washers conforming to this standard. In either case the direct tension indicators shall be used as part of an assembly in accordance with EN 14399-1.
To comply with EN 14399-1, the assemblies shall be supplied by one manufacturer include bolts, nuts, washers and direct tension indicators.
NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the assemblies are correctly used if satisfactory results are to be obtained.
The test method for suitability for preloading is specified in EN 14399-2 and supplemented by Clause 5.
Guidance on the use of compressible washer-type direct tension indicators is given in EN 1090-2.
EN 14399-10:2009
High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading - Part 10: System HRC - Bolt and nut assemblies with calibrated preload
This part of this European Standard specifies, together with EN 14399-1, the requirements for assemblies of high-strength structural bolts and nuts of system HRC suitable for preloaded joints, with hexagon head (large widths across flats) or cup head, thread sizes M12 to M30 and property class 10.9/10.
Bolt and nut assemblies conforming to this part of this European Standard have been designed to allow preloading of at least 0,7 fub X As ) according to EN 1993-1-8:2005 (Eurocode 3) and to obtain ductility predominantly by plastic elongation of the bolt. For this purpose the components have the following characteristics:
- nut according to EN 14399-3, or
- nut with height m = 1 d,
- thread length of the bolt according to ISO 888.
Bolt and nut assemblies conforming to this part of this European Standard include washer(s) according to EN 14399-6 or to EN 14399-5 (under the nut only).
NOTE Attention is drawn to the importance of ensuring that the bolts are correctly used if a satisfactory result is to be obtained.
The test method for suitability for preloading is specified in EN 14399-2 and in Clause 8.
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