ISO 22762 applies to elastomeric seismic isolators used to provide buildings or bridges with protection from
earthquake damage. The isolators covered consist of alternate rubber layers and reinforcing steel plates.
They are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling
structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation
interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.
This part of ISO 22762 specifies the test methods for determination of the characteristics of elastomeric
seismic isolators and for measurement of the properties of the rubber material used in their manufacture.
The specifications cover testing for all properties required in the elastomeric isolators, such as compression
and shear properties, the durability of the isolators and the physical properties of the materials used in
isolators.
Annex E may be used to review those requirements needing confirmation prior to the test programme.
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ISO 22762 applies to elastomeric seismic isolators used to provide buildings or bridges with protection from
earthquake damage. The isolators covered consist of alternate elastomer layers and reinforcing steel plates.
They are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling
structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation
interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.
This part of ISO 22762 specifies the requirements for elastomeric seismic isolators used for bridges and the
requirements for the rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators. The specification covers
requirements, design rules, manufacturing tolerances, marking and labelling and test methods for elastomeric
isolators.
Some items of classification and some requirements need to be confirmed before production and these should
be reviewed using the list given in Annex D.
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earthquake damage. The isolators covered consist of alternate elastomer layers and reinforcing steel plates.
They are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling
structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation
interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.
This part of ISO 22762 specifies the requirements for elastomeric seismic isolators used for buildings and the
requirements for the rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators. The specification covers
requirements, design rules, manufacturing tolerances, marking and labelling and test methods for elastomeric
isolators.
Some items of classification and some requirements need to be confirmed before production and these should
be reviewed using the list given in Annex B.
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ISO 80000-2 gives general information about mathematical signs and symbols, their meanings, verbal
equivalents and applications.
The recommendations in ISO 80000-2 are intended mainly for use in the natural sciences and technology, but
also apply to other areas where mathematics is used.
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Crop production in greenhouses is a growing industry, especially in mild climates, and is very important for the population as a source of income and clean, fresh food. Greenhouses create optimal climate conditions for crop growth and protect crops from outside pests. At the same time greenhouse production increases water use efficiency and makes integrated production and protection (IPP) possible. This book provides technical instructions for practice (what to do and what not to do) and gives answers to the question: How to produce more clean crops and better quality with less water, less land and less pesticide. Suitable greenhouse constructions and their design, adapted to local climates in subtropical, tropical and arid regions and infrastructure conditions are presented. The necessary climate control measures - light transmittance, ventilation, cooling, heating, and CO2 enrichment - and physical measures for pest control, as well as methods for using solar energy to desalinate salty water are described. The results of theoretical research are transferred into methods for practical use, so that readers are equipped to solve their problems in practice as well as to get stimulation for further research and development.
Content Level » Research
Keywords » climate control - greenhouse construction - greenhouse design - greenhouse systems - warm climate
Related subjects » Agriculture - Plant Sciences
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction.- Climate conditions and classification.- Crop growth requirement and climate control.- General design criteria for greenhouses.- Greenhouse constructions.- Light transmittance of greenhouses.- Cladding material.- Greenhouse components, mounting, installation and maintenance.- Ventilation.- Insect screening.- Cooling.- Heating.- Crop water requirement and water use efficiency.- Rain water collection and storage. Desalination of salty water and closed system greenhouse.- CO2 enrichment.- References.- Annexes.
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Posted by: budis - 12-19-2010, 06:38 AM - Forum: Archive
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Title : "On the Response Modification Factors for Reinforced Concrete Building"
Author : F Fischinger & Peter Fajfar
Conference : Proceeding 4th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, page 249-258
Location : Palm Spring, California, USA
Year : 1990
Language : English
Title : "An Investigation of Structural Response Modification Factors"
Author : C. Rojahn
Conference : Proceeding 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, page1087-1092
Location : Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan
Year : 1988
Language : English
Title : "Establishing R or Rw & Cd Factors for Building Seismic Provisions"
Author : Chu Min Uang
Journal : Structural Engeering ASCE Vol 117, No 1 page 19-28
Year : 1991
Language : English
Title : "Strength & Ductility Consideration in Seismic Design"
Author : J.D. Osteraas & H Krawinkler
Report : Report No 90 The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University
Publisher : The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University
Year : 1991
Language : English
Title : "Seismic Demand for SDOF & MDOF Systems"
Author : A.A. Nassar & H. Krawinkler
Report : Report No 95 The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University
Publisher : The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University
Year : 1991
Language : English
Commentary and worked examples to EN 1993-1-10 “Material toughness and through thickness properties“ and other toughness oriented rules in EN 1993
Author: G. Sedlacek, M. Feldmann, B. Kühn, D. Tschickardt, S. Höhler, C. Müller, W. Hensen, N. Stranghöner, W. Dahl, P. Langenberg, S. Münstermann, J. Brozetti, J. Raoul, R. Pope, F. Bijlaard | Size: 25.9 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: European Communities | Year: 2008 | pages: 262
This joint ECCS-JRC report is part of a series of background-documents in support to the implementation of Eurocode 3. It provides background information on the specific issue of design rules affected by the toughness of steel.
In its various parts, EN 1993 – Eurocode 3 currently addresses steel properties essentially with regard to strength. The toughness properties are also dealt with in Part 1-10 and Part 1-12.
The interrelation between toughness properties and the safety of steel structures is not commonly known, and therefore EN 1993-1-10 does not explicitly address this issue. The background material to EN 1993-1-10 presented in this report provides the necessary explanations on the underlying principles and their application rules. It also opens the door to the application of these principles to situations not yet fully covered by EN 1993.
Due to its rather innovative character, some of the contents of this joint ECCS-JRC still needs to be complemented through additional research likely to be carried out in the context of the further development of Eurocode 3.
The European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS) has initiated the development of this commentary in the frame of the cooperation between the Commission (JRC) and the ECCS for works on the further evolution of the Eurocodes. It is therefore published as a Joint Commission (JRC)-ECCS-report.
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