This series EN 14488 ‘Testing sprayed concrete’ includes the following parts:
- Part 1: Sampling fresh and hardened concrete
- Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concrete
- Part 3: Flexural strengths (first peak, ultimate and residual) of fibre reinforced beam specimens
- Part 4: Bond strength of cores by direct tension
- Part 5: Determination of energy absorption capacity of fibre reinforced slab specimens
- Part 6: Thickness of concrete on a substrate
- Part 7: Fibre content of fibre reinforced concrete
Part 2 specifies two methods from which an estimate of the in situ compressive strength of young hardened sprayed concrete can be made.
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This part of European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the flexural (first peak, ultimate and residual) strength of beam specimens of hardened sprayed concrete.
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This part of European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the load/deflection response of aslab specimen in order to calculate the energy absorption capacity up to a specified deflection.
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This standard describes methods for the determination of the thickness of sprayed concrete on a substrate after spraying. The results can also give an indication of the parallelism of the concrete to the substrate. The substrate may be rock, soil, concrete or other surface.
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This part of European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the fibre content of sprayed concrete from either a fresh or hardened (i.e. before or after set) concrete sample. Only the method using a fresh sample is appropriate with polymer fibres, while both types are applicable with steel fibres.
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This European Standard is applicable to sprayed concrete, to be used for repair and upgrading of structures, for new structures and for strengthening of ground.
This European Standard covers:
- classification related to consistence of wet mix;
- environmental exposure classes; young, hardened and fibre reinforced concrete;
- requirements for constituent materials, for concrete composition and for basic mix, for fresh and hardened concrete and all types of fibre reinforced sprayed concrete;
- specification for designed and prescribed mixes;
- conformity.
This European Standard is applicable to wet mix as well as dry mix sprayed concrete.
The substrates to which sprayed concrete can be applied include:
- ground (rock and soil);
- sprayed concrete;
- different types of formwork;
- structural components constituted of concrete, masonry and steel;
- drainage materials;
- insulating materials.
Additional or different requirements may be needed for applications not within this document, for instance-refractory uses.
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Elastic design of a single bay portal frame made of fabricated profiles
A single bay portal frame made of welded profiles is designed according to EN 1993-1-1. This worked example includes the elastic analysis of the frame using the 1st order theory, and all the verifications of the members based on the effective properties of the cross-sections (Class 4).
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1. Prof. Devdas Menon
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
2. Prof. Amlan Kumar Sengupta
Department of Civil Engineering
CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction, Prestressing Systems and Material Properties
Topic
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Basic Concept
1.1.2 Early Attempts of Prestressing
1.1.3 Brief History
1.1.4 Development of Building Materials
1.2 Advantages and Types of Prestressing
1.2.1 Definitions
1.2.2 Advantages of Prestressing
1.2.3 Limitations of Prestressing
1.2.4 Types of Prestressing
1.3 Pre-tensioning Systems and Devices
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Stages of Pre-tensioning 1.3.3 Advantages of Pre-tensioning
1.3.4 Disadvantages of Pre-tensioning
1.3.5 Devices
1.3.6 Manufacturing of Pre-tensioned Railway Sleepers
1.4 Post-tensioning Systems and Devices
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Stages of Post-tensioning
1.4.3 Advantages of Post-tensioning
1.4.4 Disadvantage of Post-tensioning
1.4.5 Devices
1.4.6 Manufacturing of Post-tensioned Bridge Girder
1.5 Concrete (Part I)
1.5.1 Constituents of Concrete
1.5.2 Properties of Hardened Concrete (Part I)
1.6 Concrete (Part II)
1.6.1 Properties of Hardened Concrete (Part II)
1.6.2 Properties of Grout
1.6.3 Codal Provisions
1.7 Prestressing Steel
1.7.1 Forms of Prestressing Steel
1.7.2 Types of Prestressing Steel
1.7.3 Properties of Prestressing Steel
1.7.4 Codal Provisions
2.2 Losses in Prestress (Part II)
2.2.1 Friction
2.2.2 Anchorage Slip
2.2.3 Force Variation Diagram
2.3 Losses in Prestress (Part III)
2.3.1 Creep of Concrete
2.3.2 Shrinkage of Concrete
2.3.3 Relaxation of Steel
2.3.4 Total Time-dependent Loss
Chapter 3: Analysis of Members
Topic
3.1 Analysis of Members under Axial Load
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Analysis at Transfer
3.1.3 Analysis at Service
3.1.4 Analysis for Ultimate Strength
3.1.5 Analysis of Behavior
3.2 Analysis of Member under Flexure (Part I)
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Analyses at Transfer and at Service
3.3 Analysis of Member under Flexure (Part II)
3.3.1 Cracking Moment
3.3.2 Kern Point
3.3.3 Pressure Line
3.4 Analysis of Member under Flexure (Part III)
3.4.1 Analysis for Ultimate Strength
3.4.2 Variation of Stress in Steel
3.4.3 Condition at Ultimate Limit State
3.4.4 Analysis of a Rectangular Section
3.5 Analysis of Member under Flexure (Part IV)
3.5.1 Analysis of a Flanged Section
3.6 Analysis of Member under Flexure (Part V)
3.6.1 Analysis of Partially Prestressed Section
3.6.2 Analysis of Unbonded Post-tensioned Beam
3.6.3 Analysis of Behaviour Chapter 4: Design of Members
Topics
4.1 Design of Members
4.1.1 Calculation of Demand
4.1.2 Design of Sections for Axial Tension
4.2 Design of Sections for Flexure (Part I)
4.2.1 Preliminary Design
4.2.2 Final Design for Type 1 Members
4.2.3 Special Case
4.3 Design of Sections for Flexure (Part II)
4.3.1 Final design of Type 2 members
4.4 Design of Sections for Flexure (Part III)
4.4.1 Choice of Sections
4.4.2 Determination of Limiting Zone
4.4.3 Post-tensioning in Stages
4.5 Design of Sections for Flexure (Part IV)
4.5.1 Magnel’s Graphical Method
4.6 Detailing Requirements for Flexure
4.6.1 Tendon Profile
4.6.2 Minimum Amount of Reinforcement
4.6.3 Miscellaneous Requirements
Chapter 5: Analysis and Design for Shear and Torsion
Topics
5.1 Analysis for Shear
5.1.1 Stress in an Uncracked Beam
5.1.2 Types of Cracks
5.1.3 Components of Shear Resistance
5.1.4 Modes of Failure
5.1.5 Effect of Prestressing Force
5.2 Design for Shear (Part I)
5.2.1 General Comments
5.2.2 Limit State of Collapse for Shear
5.3 Design for Shear (Part II)
5.3.1 Design of Transverse Reinforcement
5.3.2 Detailing Requirements
5.3.3 Design Steps
5.4 Analysis for Torsion
5.4.1 Stresses in an Uncracked Beam
5.4.2 Crack Pattern Under Pure Torsion
5.4.3 Components of Resistance for Pure Torsion
5.4.4 Modes of Failure
5.4.5 Effect of Prestressing Force
5.5 Design for Torsion (Part I)
5.5.1 General Comments
5.5.2 Limit State of Collapse for Torsion
5.5.3 Design of Longitudinal Reinforcement
5.6 Design for Torsion (Part II)
5.6.1 Design of Transverse Reinforcement
5.6.2 Detailing Requirements
5.6.3 Design Steps
Chapter 6: Calculations of Deflection and Crack Width
Topics
6.1 Calculation of Deflection
6.1.1 Deflection due to Gravity Loads
6.1.2 Deflection due to Prestressing Force
6.1.3 Total Deflection
6.1.4 Limits of Deflection
6.1.5 Determination Moment of Inertia
6.1.6 Limits of Span-to-effective Depth Ratio
6.2 Calculation of Crack Width 6.2.1 Method of Calculation
6.2.2 Limits of Crack Width
Chapter 7: Transmission of Prestress
Topics
7.1 Transmission of Prestress (Part I)
7.1.1 Pre-tensioned Members
7.2 Transmission of Prestress (Part II)
7.2.1 Post-tensioned Members
Chapter 8: Cantilever and Continuous Beams
Topics
8.1 Cantilever Beams
8.1.1 Analysis
8.1.2 Determination of Limiting Zone
8.1.3 Cable Profile
8.2 Continuous Beams (Part I)
8.2.1 Analysis
8.2.2 Incorporation of Moment due to Reactions
8.2.3 Pressure Line due to Prestressing Force
8.3 Continuous Beams (Part II)
8.3.1 Principle of Linear Transformation
8.3.2 Concordant Tendon Profile
8.3.3 Tendon Profiles
8.3.4 Partially Continuous Beams
8.3.5 Analysis for Ultimate Strength
8.3.6 Moment Redistribution
Chapter 9: Special Topics
Topics
9.1 Composite Sections
9.1.1 Introduction
9.1.2 Analysis of Composite Sections
9.1.3 Design of Composite Sections
9.1.4 Analysis for Horizontal Shear Transfer
9.2 One-way Slabs
9.2.1 Introduction
9.2.2 Analysis and Design
9.3 Two-way Slabs (Part I)
9.3.1 Introduction
9.3.2 Analysis and Design
9.3.3 Features in Modeling and Analysis
9.3.4 Distribution of Moments to Strips
9.5 Compression Members
9.5.1 Introduction
9.5.2 Analysis
9.5.3 Development of Interaction Diagram
9.5.4 Effect of Prestressing Force
9.6 Circular Prestressing
9.6.1 Introduction
9.6.2 General Analysis and Design
9.6.3 Prestressed Concrete Pipes
9.6.4 Liquid Storage Tanks
9.6.5 Ring Beams
9.6.6 Conclusion
File size 17.2 Mb
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This's a classical steel book, mainly focus on stability.
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Seismological Research Letters (SRL) is published bimonthly by the Seismological Society of America. SRL is a unique journal: the first to serve as a general forum for informal communication among seismologists, as well as between seismologists and those nonspecialists interested in seismology and related disciplines. SRL includes articles on topics of broad seismological and earthquake engineering interest, opinion pieces on current seismological topics, news and notes about seismology and seismologists in the U.S. and internationally, earthquake reports, the Electronic Seismologist and EduQuakes columns, strong-motion network reports, equipment news, and letters to the editor. A section for the Eastern Section of the Seismological Society of America focuses on intracontinental and eastern North American seismology. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Seismological Society of America and at the annual meeting of the SSA Eastern Section also appear in SRL.
1.The New Zealand National Seismograph Network
Tanja Petersen, Ken Gledhill, Mark Chadwick, Nora H. Gale, and John Ristau
2.Modular Filter-based Approach to Ground Motion Attenuation Modeling
Vladimir Graizer and Erol Kalkan
3.Estimation of Human Casualties from Earthquakes in Pakistan—An Engineering Approach
S. T. Maqsood and J. Schwarz
4.8 March 2010 Elaz -Kovanc lar (Turkey) Earthquake: Observations on Ground Motions and Building Damage
Sinan Akkar, Alper Aldemir, Aysegul Askan, Sadik Bakir, Erdem Canbay, I. Ozan Demirel, M. Altug Erberik, Zeynep Gülerce, Polat Gülkan, Erol Kalkan, Surya Prakash, M. Abdullah Sandikkaya, Volkan Sevilgen, Beliz Ugurhan, and Emrah Yenier
5.The Possibility of Site Effects: The Anjar Case, following Past Earthquakes in Gujarat, India
B. K. Rastogi, A. P. Singh, B. Sairam, S. K. Jain, F. Kaneko, S. Segawa, and J. Matsuo
6.New Regional Moment Tensors in South Africa
Martin B. C. Brandt and Ian Saunders
7.Seismological Aspects of the Abou Dabbab Region, Eastern Desert, Egypt
H. M. Hussein, S. S. R. Moustafa, E. Elawadi, N. S. Al-Arifi, and N. Hurukawa
8.The Possibility of Inferring Rupture Depths of Fault Earthquakes from Zero-strain Points of Coseismic Surface Deformation
Zhen Fu, Caibo Hu, Haiming Zhang, Yongen Cai, and Yijie Zhou
9.Detection and Identification of Low-magnitude Seismic Events near Bala, Central Turkey, Using Array-based Waveform Correlation
Korhan U. Semin, Nurcan M. Ozel, and Ocal Necmioglu
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Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics (3 Volume Set)
Author: Erwin Stein, René De Borst, Thomas J.R. Hughes | Size: 47,7 MB (3 in 1) | Format:djvu | Publisher: Wiley | Year: 2004 | pages: 2336 | ISBN: 978-0470846995
Over the past four decades computational methods in applied mechanics have developed into valuable tools that are widely used across both industry and academia. The applications are numerous: aerospace structures, civil engineering structures, geotechnics, flow problems, automotive industry, geo-environmental modelling, biomechanics, electromagnetism, metal forming, to name but a few.
This three volume set provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date collection of knowledge about this increasingly important area of engineering science. The Encyclopedia provides a well-rounded and practical knowledge base that will serve as a foundation for the reader's research and practice in developing designs and in understanding, assessing and managing numerical analysis systems.
Containing over 70 in-depth and thoroughly cross referenced articles on key topics from internationally renowned researchers, the Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics will cover three key areas.
* Volume One: Fundamentals will cover the basic concepts behind discretization, interpolation, error estimation, solvers, computer algebra and geometric modelling.
* Volume Two: Solids and Volume Three: Fluids will build on this foundation with extensive, in-depth coverage of industrial applications.
The main readership for this book will be researchers, research students (PhD. D. and postgraduate) and professional engineers in industrial and governmental laboratories. Academic interest will stem from civil, mechanical, geomechanical, biomedical, aerospace and chemical engineering departments, through to the fields of applied mathematics, computer science and physics.
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The analysis of highway bridges such as slab-on-girder bridges, box-girder bridges, cable-stayed bridges etc. is a very complicated undertaking. Analytical methods are applicable only for the simplest structures. Finite element method is the most powerful and versatile tool, which can be applied to analyze any types of bridge and any load cases. However, the efficiency of that method needs to be improved because the finite element solutions usually require too much computer time, too large core storage and too many input data. If a structure has a uniform cross-section and line end supports (in fact, a high proportion of bridges can be simplified to such a structure), the finite strip method has proven to be the most efficient numerical structural analysis method, which employs a series of functions to simulate the variation of displacements in the longitudinal direction of the structure. Thus, the number of dimensions of analysis is reduced by at least one. Consequently, the computer time, storage and input data are reduced significantly. Since this method was first published in 1968, it has been extensively used for linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analysis of rectangular, skew and curved slab bridges, slab-on girder bridges box-girder bridges etc. In the present study, the following efforts are made: (1) Extending the finite strip method to the analysis of continuous haunched slab-on-girder bridges and box-girder bridges. (2) Extending the spline finite strip method to the analysis of continuous haunched slab-on-girder bridges and box-girder bridges. (3) Extending the finite strip method to nonlinear analysis of cable-stayed bridges. (4) Improving the efficiency of geometrically nonlinear finite strip analysis of plates. (5) Improving the accuracy of materially nonlinear finite strip analysis of reinforced concrete slabs. (6) Combining the finite strip method with finite element method and boundary element method for analysis of rectangular plates with some irregularities. A number of numerical examples will show the accuracy and efficiency of the methods developed in the present study.
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