ASTM D1587 – 08 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes

SCI P118: Design of Stub Girders

The design of ‘stub girders’ is presented in a form consistent with BS 5950: Part 3. The basis of design is simplified by considering that the steel bottom chord resists tension (arising from bending action), vertical shear, and local (Vierendeel) moments across the opening. The design method is compared with the results of three full-scale stub girder tests and is shown to be conservative but reasonably accurate. Model factors for these tests were in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 when using measured material strengths, increasing to 1.2 to 1.w4 hen using design strengths.
One important observation was that the Code requirements for transverse reinforcement are unduly conservative for this form of construction. A design example is included, which covers the important aspects of the design.

SCI P129: Building Design using Cold Formed Steel Sections: Fire Protection

The fire resistance of cold formed sections is affected by the strength retention of the steel at elevated temperatures and the rate of heating of the thin steel section. Fire protection to cold formed sections may be of three forins depending on the materials used:
1. Planar protection as in floors and walls
2. Box protection
3. Profile protection.
Guidance is presented for the fire resistance of protected sections in floors or walls acting as compartment boundaries, i.e. planar protection. In this case, heat is applied from one side only and the floors or walls must satisfy the necessary insulation criterion. This guidance is based on manufacturers’ data for gypsum plasterboard and related materials.
The thickness of fire protection for conventional beams and columns is determined by using the method given in BS 5950: Part 8 for extending the existing data for hot rolled sections to cover the use of cold formed sections. Design tables are presented for typical materials and section sizes. A design summary is included at the rear of the publication which identifies the main fire protection requirements for cold formed steel sections in floors, walls and as individual beams and columns.

Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete Containing Type F Fly Ash (thesis)

Since the introduction of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) in Japan during the late 1980’s, acceptance and usage of this concrete in the construction industry has been steadily gaining momentum. In the United States, the usage of SCC has been spearheaded by the precast concrete industry. Good SCC must possess the following key fresh properties: filling ability, passing ability, and resistance to segregation. In order to reduce segregation, SCC mixes are typically designed with high powder contents, and contain chemical admixtures such as superplasticizers and viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA). This tends to increase the material cost of SCC, however one way to reduce the material cost is through adequate mix proportioning and the addition of supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash. Millions of tons of fly ash are generated annually in Illinois; however Class F fly ash is more often landfilled than used. Incorporation of Class F fly ash in self-consolidating concrete as a means to replace portions of cement can decrease the cost of SCC, as well as further the sustainable development of concrete. An experimental program, aimed at investigating the behavior of SCC containing Class F fly ash has been carried out. The fresh state properties of the concrete were assessed using methods of segregation and flow. The rheology of the paste matrix was also characterized and compared with a previously developed paste rheology model. Finally, some hardened state properties of the concrete were evaluated. The objective of this research is to improve the understanding of the properties of SCC containing Class F fly ash and to provide information that could be used towards the commercialization of such a concrete. The results indicate that it is possible to develop a SCC containing Class F fly ash that is high performing in its fresh state. Furthermore, the addition of fly ash was shown to reduce superplasticizer dosage, increase workability, and increase overall chloride permeability resistance. In addition, it was determined that the difference of densities between the aggregate and matrix influence the results of a previously developed paste rheology model.