Strut-and-tie models (STMs) were first used at the end of the nineteenth century as a concrete design method. The method was added to ACI 318 in 2002 as Appendix A. In 2014, STM provisions were moved into the main body of the code as Chapter 23, Strut-and-Tie Method. This document focuses on the ACI 318-19 implementation of strut-and-tie modeling. The main objectives of this document are to: 1) explain the intent and application of ACI 318 STM provisions; 2) provide additional design guidance for the STM based on other design codes, specifications, and committee documents; and 3) present design recommendations from recent research publications. This document provides practical guidance to the structural design community.
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WIND LOADING HANDBOOK FOR AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND – Background to AS/NZS 1170.2 Wind Actions.
Author: J D Holmes; K C S Kwok; J D Ginger; Australasian Wind Engineering Society,
Publisher: [Australia] : Australasian Wind Engineering Society, 2012.
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Autodesk Civil 3D® civil engineering design software supports BIM (Building Information Modeling) with integrated features to improve drafting, design, and construction documentation. Civil 3D features support a variety of civil infrastructure projects including rail, roads and highways, land development, airports, drainage, storm and sanitary, and civil structures. Improve your infrastructure design with continuous software enhancements. Recent updates include design automation with Dynamo for Civil 3D and a more intuitive interface.
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The strength of existing concrete buildings and structures can be evaluated analytically and supplemented where necessary with load testing. The recommendations in this report indicate when such an evaluation may be needed, establish criteria for selecting the evaluation method, and indicate the data and background information necessary for an evaluation. Methods of determining material properties used in the analytical and load test investigations are described in detail. Analytical investigations should follow the principles of strength design. Working stress analysis can supplement the analytical investigations by relating the actual state of stress in structural components to the observed conditions.
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Get efficient foundation design and documentation using plant-specific design tools, multiple design codes with U.S. and metric bar sizes, design optimization, and automatic drawing generation. STAAD Foundation Advanced provides you with a streamlined workflow through its integration with STAAD.Pro or as a stand-alone application. You can design virtually any type of foundation, from basic to the most complex.
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