This Specification gives requirements for repairing cracks in concrete by injection of two-component epoxy-resin adhesive.
Keywords:
adhesive; crack; epoxy; repair injection; sealer
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Author(s)/Editor(s): Katarzyna Zdanowicz | Size: 20.41 MB| Format:PDF| Quality:Original preprint| Publisher: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover| Year: 2021| pages: 169
Prestressing of concrete with non-metallic reinforcement is an emerging field in structural engineering, as it can significantly contribute to better exploitation of the mechanical properties of such reinforcement and behaviour of concrete structures. Non-metallic reinforcement includes fibre reinforced polymer rebars and tendons, as well as various types of textile reinforcement. Textile reinforcement is particularly challenging as a material used for prestressing because of its geometrical form and structure. Therefore a technology of chemical prestressing, where expansive cement is used to induce stresses instead of mechanical devices, comes as an alternative yet promising method for such types of reinforcement. The thesis aim was to experimentally assess the behaviour of expansive concrete members with carbon textile reinforcement. Three objectives were undertaken: 1) to prove whether chemical prestressing of concrete elements with textile reinforcement is possible, 2) to quantify the introduced prestressing forces and the influence of prestressing on serviceability limit state with a focus on cracking load, 3) to analyse the influence of chemical prestressing on aspects relevant for the design of structural members and on their performance. A feasibility study was performed to investigate the possibility of prestressing with expansive cement. Expansive strains were measured with standardized methods, as well as with distributed fibre optic sensors in specimens that were subsequently subjected to loading tests. Chemically prestressed concrete elements were tested for uniaxial tensile behaviour, in bond and flexural tests. Their behaviour was compared with this of non-prestressed ones. Measurements of expansion in time and investigations of the behaviour of tested specimens have confirmed that chemical prestressing of elements with textile reinforcement can be realized. In specimens subjected to tensile tests, concrete prestress estimated from expansion measurements corresponded very well with calculations from tensile tests results, prestressing effect was also observed in beams with steel reinforcement and large scale slab specimens with textile reinforcement. Furthermore, specimens made of expansive concrete shown a significantly higher cracking load in comparison to reference specimens made of concrete without expansive admixture. At the same time, no deterioration of concrete material properties was observed, on the contrary, compressive and tensile strength increased with an addition of expansive admixture and the modulus of elasticity remained on the same level. Finally, an overall performance index was calculated which described the performance of chemically prestressed specimens compared to the reference members.
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This report provides a summary of the present understanding of collapse-resisting mechanisms of reinforced concrete and post-tensioned flat plates, flat slabs, slabs with beams, joist floor systems, and precast floor systems following initial local failures.
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Easily implement high-quality and cost-effective projects using a variety of concrete, steel and beam building structures. Design, analyze, and document your building designs to save time and money. Maximize the roi of your software investment with a fully integrated set of applications for comprehensive analysis, design and documentation for steel and concrete structures. Increase your productivity by eliminating tedious and time-consuming tasks with practical RAM applications. Any kind of design: from individual components to large-scale construction and foundations.
RAM Structural System
Reliable equipment and rapid development of high-quality and economical projects using a variety of concrete, steel and beam building structures.
RAM Connection
Analysis, design and instant verification of all types of connections with comprehensive calculations and compliance with seismic requirements.
RAM Elements
Perform analysis and design – including 3D finite element analysis – of virtually any type of building structure and structural components in a single, accessible application.
RAM Concept
Cost-effective design of panels, base plates and foundations with exceptional visual inspection of compliance, efficiency and practicality of structures.
RAM SBeam
Specialized desktop application for the design of steel beams.
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Author(s)/Editor(s): Jack Baker, Brendon Bradley, Peter Stafford| Format:PDF| Quality:Original preprint| Publisher: Cambridge University Press| Year: November 30, 2021| pages: 600 pages | ISBN: 1108425054
Seismic hazard and risk analyses underpin the loadings prescribed by engineering design codes, the decisions by asset owners to retrofit structures, the pricing of insurance policies, and many other activities. This is a comprehensive overview of the principles and procedures behind seismic hazard and risk analysis. It enables readers to understand best practises and future research directions. Early chapters cover the essential elements and concepts of seismic hazard and risk analysis, while later chapters shift focus to more advanced topics. Each chapter includes worked examples and problem sets for which full solutions are provided online. Appendices provide relevant background in probability and statistics. Computer codes are also available online to help replicate specific calculations and demonstrate the implementation of various methods. This is a valuable reference for upper level students and practitioners in civil engineering, and earth scientists interested in engineering seismology.
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OpenFlows CivilStorm is one solution for all your stormwater modeling needs. This sostware provides an easy-to-use environment for engineers to analyze, design, and operate stormwater systems. OpenFlows CivilStorm performs analysis of all aspects of stormwater systems: rainfall, runoff, inlet capture and bypass, gravity and pressure piping, ponds, outlet structures, open channels, culverts, and more.
OpenFlows CivilStorm is a superset of OpenFlows StormCAD and a subset of OpenFlows SewerGEMS.
CivilStorm performs analysis of all aspects of stormwater systems: rainfall, runoff, inlet capture and bypass, gravity and pressure piping, ponds, outlet structures, open channels, culverts, and more.
Capabilities:
- Allocate and estimate stormwater loads
Load models with wet weather runoff flows derived from precipitation using the built-in rainfall distributions or user-defined rainfall events. Runoff flows are computed using the most appropriate runoff method for the project.
- Analyze inlet capacities
Calculate the proportion of stormwater runoff that will enter an inlet versus the proportion that will be carried downstream in a gutter or pond on the road surface. Quickly confirm that the spread of flow in a gutter doesn't exceed design requirements.
- Build and manage hydraulic models
Jumpstart the model-building process and manage your model effectively, so that you can focus on making the best engineering decisions. Leverage and import virtually any external data format, which maximizes ROI on geospatial and engineering data, and automate terrain extraction and node allocation.
- Design and analyze culverts
Select from a library of standard culvert shapes, materials, and entrance conditions, then compute culvert headwater and tailwater elevations using calculation methodologies outlined in Hydraulic Design Series Number 5 from the U.S. Federal Highway Administration.
- Design and analyze low impact development controls
Model the effect that low impact development controls have in retaining runoff before it enters the stormwater system.
- Design and analyze pond and outlets
Leverage PondMaker's guiding process through the confusing maze of pond design steps by following the step-by-step process that provides constant feedback on how the design is progressing. Set the maximum outflow rate, estimate storage, and check the outlet design and final design.
- Design stormwater systems
Minimize capital investments by simply entering your design restrictions: velocities, slopes, cover depths, and pipe and inlet matching offsets. The software product recommends the most cost-effective pipe sizes and invert elevations, avoiding unnecessary pipe trench excavation, while meeting design restrictions.
- Simulate hydraulics using multiple solvers
Easily switch among multiple solvers, according to the type of system you are analyzing: Saint Venant equations, and rational/gradually varied flow solver.
- Simulate water quality
Simulate the generation, inflow, and transportation and treatment of any number of user-defined pollutants, such as total suspended solids or heavy metals.
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This book presents three distinct pillars for analysis, design, and planning: urban water cycle and variability as the state of water being; landscape architecture as the medium for built-by-design; and total systems as the planning approach. The increasing demand for water and urban and industrial expansions have caused myriad environmental, social, economic, and political predicaments. More frequent and severe floods and droughts have changed the resiliency and ability of water infrastructure systems to operate and provide services to the public. These concerns and issues have also changed the way we plan and manage our water resources.
Focusing on urban challenges and contexts, the book provides foundational information regarding water science and engineering while also examining topics relating to urban stormwater, water supply, and wastewater infrastructures. It also addresses critical emerging issues such as simulation and economic modeling, flood resiliency, environmental visualization, satellite data applications, and digital data model (DEM) advancements.
Features:
Explores various theoretical, practical, and real-world applications of system analysis, design, and planning of urban water infrastructures
Discusses hydrology, hydraulics, and basic laws of water flow movement through natural and constructed environments
Describes a wide range of novel topics ranging from water assets, water economics, systems analysis, risk, reliability, and disaster management
Examines the details of hydrologic and hydrodynamic modeling and simulation of conceptual and data-driven models
Explores a compilation of tools and emerging techniques that elevate the reader to a higher plateau in water and environmental systems management
Water Systems Analysis, Design, and Planning: Urban Infrastructure serves as a useful resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in the areas of water resources and systems analysis, as well as practicing engineers and landscape professionals.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Urban Water Cycle and Interactions
Chapter 3 Urban Water Hydrology
Chapter 4 Urban Water Hydraulics
Chapter 5 Urban Stormwater Drainage Systems
Chapter 6 Urban Water Supply Infrastructures
Chapter 7 Wastewater Infrastructure
Chapter 8 Urban Water Economics—Asset Management
Chapter 9 Urban Water Systems Analysis and Conflict Resolution
Chapter 10 Risk and Reliability
Chapter 11 Urban Water Disaster Management
Chapter 12 Urban Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Simulation
Chapter 13 Flood Resiliency of Cities
Chapter 14 Environmental Visualization
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Design and Detailing of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Author(s)/Editor(s): David A. Fanella | Size: 50.1 MB| Format:PDF| Quality:Original preprint| Publisher: CRSI| Year: 2017| pages: 546 | ISBN: 9781943961337
The main purpose of this publication is to provide step-by-step design procedures and design aids that make designing and detailing reinforced concrete members simpler and faster. The requirements of the 2014 edition of Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) are presented in a straightforward manner with emphasis placed on the proper application of the provisions in everyday practice. Although the primary focus is on low-rise buildings, much of the content can be used in the design of buildings of any size.
The book is organized with respect to Seismic Design Category with applicable design and detailing requirements provided for one-way slabs, beams, two-way slabs, columns, walls, diaphragms, and foundations. Numerous design aids and flowcharts are given that guide the reader through the updated ACI 318 requirements. Code provisions are illustrated by many worked-out examples; for comparison purposes, the same buildings are used in different Seismic Design Categories.
The following topics are covered that are commonly not found in other reinforced concrete design resources:
Guidelines on how to achieve economical reinforced concrete structures, including how to choose an economical reinforced concrete floor system
Simplified methods for lateral load distribution (wind and seismic) in low-rise buildings
Design and detailing of diaphragms with and without openings
Preliminary joint sizes of special moment frames
Unique to this publication, is a collection of time-tested, practical reinforcement details for all types of structural members. Guidelines and recommendations are given that help in achieving overall economy and ease in constructability.
Appendices contain additional data that reduce design time for routine calculations. Included are tabulated values for the following:
Torsional section properties and reinforcement for common beam and slab sizes
Cross-sectional constant C for two-way slab systems with edge beams
Two-way shear critical section properties for square columns
Also included is a set of design strength interaction diagrams for square, tied columns that are typically used in low-rise buildings.
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Large-Scale Validation of Seismic Performance of Bridge Columns
| Peresented By: Stephen Mahin; José Restrepo; Ian Buckle; Matthew Schoettler| Year: 2010| Format: mp4| Duration: 00:03:07| Size: 7.4 MB| Quality: 480
The seismic behavior of full-scale bridge columns designed based on current Caltrans practice is being investigated using the UCSD shake table as part of an extensive test program with E-Defense (Japan) and UC Berkeley in an effort to improve current bridge design and analysis practices.
This investigation will obtain, interpret and disseminate the first shake table results for full-scale bridge columns detailed consistent with current Caltrans design practice. Under the auspices of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Department of Transportation of California (Caltrans) and the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) program; and industry sponsorships from Skanska and the Concrete and Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI), this research project plans on testing a 1.2 m diameter bridge column with a mass of 250 ton placed atop, in order to mobilize inertial forces.
The column will be densely instrumented to obtain high quality data and tested under various earthquake ground motions, including motions of severe intensity demanding large inelastic response. Results of the test program will be compared with results of recent shake table testing of full-scale bridge columns performed in Japan at the E-Defense test facility and with shake table results from reduced-scale tests to be carry out at the University of California at Berkeley.
Combined with analytical simulations, the results will also provide a critically needed assessment of the adequacy of reduced-scale models and tests conducted at altered strain states. These will deliver the missing data required to increase the confidence in the current analysis methods and validate (or improve) present design practices. The testing will be carried out at the UCSD Large Outdoor Shake Table Testing Facility and is scheduled to run from July through September of 2010.
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Autodesk Structural Bridge Design software helps engineers achieve greater flexibility and efficiency in the design of small-to medium-span bridges integrating loading, analysis, and code checking processes whist providing an efficient workflow. This single integrated software solution does not require valuable time importing, exporting or converting data instead it provides tools to help accelerate project completion. Structural Bridge Design refines design options faster with automated updates in a define-analyse-code check loop whenever parameters change. Engineers can additionally improve accuracy and reliability by reviewing code check requirements with detailed “hand” calculation-style design sheets that are created will full formulae and code referencing.
Structural Bridge Design features
Section design
Define materials and geometry to produce calculations for bridge sections in a graphical environment.
Girder design
Define and design girder components in an interactive graphical calculation environment.
Loading, analysis, design
Use an integrated workflow for loading, analysis and code compliance checking (AASHTO, EUROCODES, and more) throughout the project.
Section design platform
Easily calculate section properties, including torsion, shear, and more, for any section.
Visual engineering
Understand the impact of loading conditions and design limits instantly to produce more effective designs.
Design calculation reports
Get full calculation design reports instantly in a useable, easy-to-check format.
Multiple analysis methods
Choose the appropriate analysis mode for the project stage: line beam, grillage, or finite element analysis, all combined with traffic load optimization.
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