FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS DYNAMICS

This book is written for the average student who wants to learn the fundamentals of gas dynamics. It aims at the undergraduate level and thus requires a minimum of prerequisites. The writing style is informal and incorporates ideas in educational technology such as behavioral objectives, meaningful summaries, and check tests. Such features make this book well suited for self-study as well as for conventional course presentation. Sufficient material is included for a typical one-quarter or onesemester course, depending on the student’s background.

Our approach in this book is to develop all basic relations on a rigorous basis with equations that are valid for the most general case of the unsteady, three-dimensional flow of an arbitrary fluid. These relations are then simplified to represent meaningful engineering problems for one- and two-dimensional steady flows. All basic internal and external flows are covered with practical applications which are interwoven throughout the text. Attention is focused on the assumptions made at every step of the analysis; emphasis is placed on the usefulness of the T –s diagram and the significance of any relevant loss terms.

Examples and problems are provided in both the English Engineering and SI systems of units. Homework problems range from the routine to the complex, with all charts and tables necessary for their solution included in the Appendixes. The goals for the user should be not only to master the fundamental concepts but also to develop good problem-solving skills. After completing this book the student should be capable of pursuing the many references that are available on more advanced topics.

Professor Oscar Biblarz joins Robert D. Zucker as coauthor in this edition. We have both taught gas dynamics from this book for many years. We both shared in the preparation of the new manuscript and in the proofreading. This edition has been expanded to include (1) material on conical shocks, (2) several sections showing how computer calculations can be helpful, and (3) an entire chapter on real gases, including simple methods to handle these problems. These topics have made the book more complete while retaining its original purpose and style.

Precast Prestressed Concrete Horizontally Curved Bridge Beams

Practical Advice for Foundation Design – Micropiles for Structural Support

Certain details of micropile design remain unresolved between various practitioners and such disagreements have limited the acceptability of micropiles in certain quarters. Detailed micropile design is an extremely lengthy and often complex subject, especially when micropile groups are concerned or seismic issues must be addressed. The paper provides a simplified step-by-step design approach discussing initial evaluation of feasibility, review of data, loading combinations and general considerations. Thereafter the final design steps are discussed. These include geotechnical strength limit states, other structural considerations, service limit states, corrosion protection, and some seismic considerations.

Installation of Steel Sheet Piles

This manual provides an introduction to the methods of installing sheet piling, based upon the common experiences of the European Sheet Piling Producers. A Knowledge of the characteristics of the steel and the section are not enough to guarantee good results prior to installation. The aim of this document is therefore to briefly describe the practical information to be considered to ensure proper product installation.

It aims to show the importance of predicting the drivability of pile sections after full evaluation of the ground conditions. This is followed by an inventory of the existing driving systems, from impact hammers to vibratory pile drivers and special systems.

The manual then provides a description of driving methods, ancillary equipment, including guide frames and guideline procedures to assist in providing good practice when installing sheet piles. Finally some common installation problems are illustrated and special aspects of driving briefly outlined.

BENTONITE SUPPORT FLUIDS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Bentonite is the name used for a range of clays that can swell and gel when dispersed in water. The name “bentonite” originates from the discovery of this type of clay near Fort Benton, USA, in the 19th Century. This was a natural sodium bentonite, and has been mined extensively for many years in Wyoming and Dakota for oil well drilling applications.

Bentonite is now used extensively throughout the world in civil engineering, but the cost of transporting original “Wyoming” bentonite from the USA has led to the use of alternatives from other sources. A large proportion of bentonite now used is therefore from other parts of the world.

It is important to recognise that the properties of bentonites from different sources vary, and to take these variations into account when deciding on the suitability of a particular bentonite for a specific purpose.

The purpose of this document is to provide information that will enable a decision to be made as to whether or not a particular bentonite will produce a satisfactory support fluid, and to give guidance on the preparation, use, re-use and disposal of the bentonite slurry, and also on methods of testing.