FIB 41: Treatment of imperfections in precast structural elements

Title:
Experimental evaluation on the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism

Authors:
Hsu, HL;Juang, JL;Chou, CH

Abstract:
This study experimentally evaluated the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism. A series of cyclic load tests were conducted on the steel moment resisting frames and the proposed knee braced frames. Test results validated that the demand in the beam-to-column connection designs was alleviated by the proposed design method. Test results also showed that the strength and stiffness of the proposed design were effectively enhanced. Comparisons in energy dissipation between the steel moment resisting frames and the steel knee braced frames further justified the applicability of the proposed method.

21st Century Villa by Hanlin Liu

Green Cities of Europe: Global Lessons on Green

Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction

This document presents recommendations for incorporating sound security considerations into the planning, design, construction, and modification of security-related airport facilities and airport terminal buildings. It consolidates information developed through the participation of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and other government and aviation industry professionals. The information in this document was gained through the experiences of a broad range of aviation security programs and projects at numerous United States (U.S.) airports, and through the continuing efforts of government and industry to develop improved approaches to incorporating cost-effective security features into the early planning and design of airport facilities. The information is presented here in a single document, which will be revised and updated periodically as regulations, security requirements, and technology change.

Five Hundred Buildings of London

PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL

The airport generally consists of three primary areas: landside, terminal and airside. The landside area consists of intermodal and ground access areas, such as ingress and egress routes to the terminal building, parking garages, rental car facilities, public transportation, and other airport support areas. Functional areas within a commercial service airport typically include passenger terminal ticketing counters, baggage claim areas, concessions, restrooms, public assembly areas, airline clubs, mechanical space, ground transportation, security screening, and administrative areas for the airport operator, airlines and other tenants. Passenger terminals also include intermodal transportation, vendor storage, employee daycare and workout facilities, pet areas, and business centers. Often, a general aviation terminal is co-located with an FBO and includes administrative areas, flight planning, pilot lounges, and meeting and training rooms. Airside includes the runways, taxiways and aircraft parking areas within the perimeter fence.

Each area of the airport requires detailed planning efforts to maximize the long-term growth of the airport. Demands on the facility, as well as needs of the community and various local, regional, state, and federal requirements, must be understood and incorporated into the planning studies. The applicable requirements and associated standards should be incorporated into the planning effort so as to account for demand and capacity changes, stakeholder and community needs, financing, safety, security and environmental, to name a few. The planning function is a critical component of airport management. Large sums of money are involved, and long-term binding agreements and large parcels of land are often affected during the planning process. Once it’s built, it must also be maintained, making the planning process an integrated part of the entire airport system. Plans, once implemented, affect the airport’s revenue and expenses and may impact air carriers, tenants, vendors and the community.

The planning process is comprised of several elements. Airport Master Plans are the primary document used at airports for long-range planning. Master plans represent the vision of the airport operator, the stakeholders, the local community, government agencies, planners and airport sponsors, up to 20 years out. Master plan updates, Airport Layout Plan updates and Capital Improvement Plans address shorter-term needs. Regardless of the short or long term nature, airport operators must address several elements in the planning and development of airport projects, including noise abatement, environmental and the demand the airport can expect in terms of aeronautical service and customer expectations.

This module addresses the many elements involved in planning developments and handling environmental issues at airports.

FLEXIBLE URBAN TRANSPORTATION

This book is a critique of transportation planning as it is practiced in the United States today and a proposal for a new, more flexible approach. The U.S. is now facing profound challenges to its economic competitiveness and social equity, to public safety and security, and to the integrity of its environment. The ability to create transportation systems that contribute to addressing those challenges effectively requires a planning process radically different from the process in place today. Meeting the nation's challenges effectively requires flexibility, honesty about what does and does not work, transparency, and inclusion of a broad range of stakeholders. The current process is rigid, dishonest—the process, that is, not the professionals who work in it—opaque, and exclusive.

This call for reform is in some ways both naive and imperfect. The current transportation planning process is deeply ingrained in institutions and procedures that direct substantial funds to well-entrenched interests. It is unlikely that a new approach can displace the status quo any time soon, and any real change in practice that the proposed reform might engender will invariably raise questions that the book fails to address. Nonetheless, I offer it in the spirit of constructive criticism on a matter of great societal urgency.

Asphalt Paving Principles

The purpose of this workbook is to provide enough basic and practical knowledge about asphalt pavements to be able to make good decisions when roads are in need of rehabilitation, repair or maintenance. This workbook will briefly touch on technical topics such as pavement structures, asphalt mixtures, and drainage. It is important to know where pavements and mixes get their strength, and how water, if not properly controlled, can destroy a road.

The workbook covers the following subjects:
• Fundamentals of a good road
• Materials used in roadway construction
• Types and causes of pavement failures
• Rehabilitation treatments for pavements
• Inspection of asphalt pavement construction

Each of these topics is important enough to warrant a separate, full–day training course. Therefore, the workbook can only cover the most critical points. The main goal of this workbook and accompanying course is to train participants to:
• Recognize various types of pavement failures
• Know the probable causes of pavement failures
• Recognize options to repair failures
• Assure that the repairs are properly constructed

The emphasis will be on hot mix asphalt (HMA) because it is the most widely used product. However, cold mixes will also be discussed. Because HMA is not the correct treatment for all pavement problems, rehabilitation treatments such as cold in–place recycling and full depth reclamation with stabilizing agents (asphalt emulsion, foamed asphalt, and portland cement) will also be covered.

Due to the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) use of metric units, the primary units in this manual are metric. Where possible both metric and U.S. customary units are shown.

Detailed explanations of these topics can be found in the references listed in Appendix A. These publications are readily available from industry groups such as the Asphalt Institute, National Asphalt Pavement Association, and the Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association. The Cornell Local Roads Program has copies of these references available for loan.