Author: Q. SUN and G. WANG | Size: Unspecified MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: WIT Press | Year: 2012 | pages: 272 | ISBN: 1845646444
Focussing on the basic mechanics and underlying physics of granular material, Mechanics of Granular Matter starts with an introduction to contact mechanics of individual particles before moving on to a discussion of the structure of force chain networks and the influence on bulk mechanical properties of granular solids and granular flows. Furthermore, it proposes a preliminary multi-scale framework for the nonlinear mechanics and strain localization in granular materials.
Considering the current state of global environmental issues, the construction industry is expected to contribute to the realization of a sustainable society by establishing environmental design systems for concrete structures and by developing the necessary technologies.
The goal of sustainable environmental design is to reduce impacts on nature, society and humans by evaluating and verifying the environmental performance of the design. Environmental performance can be evaluated using indices such as resources, waste, energy, emission, etc. The necessary performance requirements for the verification of environmental performance are determined based on legislative regulations or on the particular objectives of specifiers, designers or owners.
The purpose of fib Bulletin 47 is to provide the principles and procedures for designing concrete structures that integrate environmental aspects. It establishes general principles concerning the integration of environmental impacts in the design, construction, use, maintenance/ management, demolition, disposal and reuse after demolition of a concrete structure.
Although the operation of buildings consumes the greatest energy through heating and cooling equipment, this is not covered in Bulletin 47, nor are the environmental impacts related to land use and general ecological systems. This report is applicable to both new and existing concrete structures.
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Concrete is well known to behave efficiently in fire conditions, as it is incombustible, does not emit smoke, and provides good thermal insulation. Furthermore, in reinforced concrete structures, the concrete cover gives a natural protection to the reinforcement, and the size of the sections often delays the heating of the core, thus favouring the fire resistance of the structural members. In addition, concrete structures are often robust and therefore able to accommodate local damage without major consequences to the overall structural integrity. However, past experience with real fires shows that a thorough understanding of concrete behaviour and structural mechanics is still needed to improve the design of R/C structures with respect to fire.
The objective of fib Bulletin 46 is to augment the current knowledge about concrete and concrete structures under fire, not only for the design of new structures, but also for the analysis and repair of existing fire-damaged structures. Both structural and materials issues are examined, and the results of the most recent research activities on the structural performance of concrete subjected to fire are reported. Special attention is paid to the indirect actions caused by the restrained thermal deformations and several basic examples show how a local fire influences global structural behaviour.
fib Bulletin 46 is intended for use by practicing engineers to improve their understanding of the behaviour of concrete structures in fire and thereby produce better and safer design standards.
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Construction projects are undertaken to meet a variety of business, service and aspirational objectives and needs. The success of a building or an element of infrastructure depends on how well it meets the owner's needs and interests or those of the users. Recent changes in owner attitudes to construction are reflected in an increasing interest in through-life costs, i.e. not only the capital costs of construction but also the operational costs associated with a structure's functional performance for a defined life span. The owner can greatly improve the likelihood of achieving the value they seek from the facility by being intimately and effectively involved in the definition of performance requirements at the start of the construction procurement process.
The objective of fib Bulletin 44 is to provide guidance to owners of concrete structures on:
- the management of their concrete structures (buildings and infrastructure) as part of their business goals or the service objectives of their organization;
- best practice in the management of concrete structures;
- their responsibilities with respect to the management of their concrete structures;
- the wider context and issues of service life design;
- information and direction needed by the supporting professional team of architects, engineers, specifiers, contractors and others.
This Guide also provides background information on topics such as deterioration processes and technical procedures used for the management of concrete structures, including reference to international standards for the protection and repair of concrete structures. These activities are illustrated by application examples/case histories and by a section addressing frequently asked questions. A brief review is made of some potential future developments.
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fib Bulletin 41 addresses the most common types of imperfections encountered during the manufacture, stacking, transport and erection of precast concrete structural elements, and suggests a number of possible remedial actions. The remedial actions depend on the severity of the imperfection, the feasibility of repair and the consequences on the intended use of the concrete member.
Imperfections in concrete structures are impossible to avoid and can range from minor surface blemishes to major structural defects. Because many imperfections are at the limits of specified quality deviations, or are not included in the acceptance criteria, the problem is more complex than a decision between rejection or acceptance.
This document deals with precast concrete elements that do not meet the quality as intended in the design. It compares imperfections in quality to the specified requirements so that the effect of the imperfection can be evaluated. Recommendations are provided on methods to prevent such imperfections, the effect they can have and any necessary actions for rectification.
The bulletin applies to prefabricated concrete members made of reinforced or prestressed normal weight concrete. Products include beams and columns, concrete walls, hollow core slabs, double tees, planks and beams for beam and block floors. Water retaining structures are outside the scope of this document.
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Seismic Rayleigh Wave Method for Localizing and Imaging Subsurface Cavities in Extensively Exploited Districts
Jon C. Q. Xu, Stephen D. Butt, and Patrick J. C. Ryall
Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems / Volume 21 / Issue 1 / Karst and Tunnel Detection
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Hi guys, I need this paper. please could you help me out?
Title:
Experimental evaluation on the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism
Authors:
Hsu, HL;Juang, JL;Chou, CH
Abstract:
This study experimentally evaluated the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism. A series of cyclic load tests were conducted on the steel moment resisting frames and the proposed knee braced frames. Test results validated that the demand in the beam-to-column connection designs was alleviated by the proposed design method. Test results also showed that the strength and stiffness of the proposed design were effectively enhanced. Comparisons in energy dissipation between the steel moment resisting frames and the steel knee braced frames further justified the applicability of the proposed method.
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People's everchanging lifestyles bring about more and more requirements for the overall qualities of houses, and the demands for residences have marched towards the psychological dimension and cultural sphere. Consequently, there arise new design trends and new requirements for environment, material selection and design concept. The design projects in this book lead readers to perceive the comfort and cosiness of the natural space. The designers of these projects have created more natural, and convenient living spaces in the most natural and purest design languages, giving them a comprehensive and vivid explanation of the architecture design concept that buildings are created for people.
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In the absence of federal leadership, states and localities are stepping forward to address critical problems like climate change, urban sprawl, and polluted water and air. Making a city fundamentally sustainable is a daunting task, but fortunately, there are dynamic, innovative models outside U.S. borders. Green Cities of Europe draws on the world's best examples of sustainability to show how other cities can become greener and more livable.
Timothy Beatley has brought together leading experts from Paris, Freiburg, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Heidelberg, Venice, Vitoria-Gasteiz, and London to illustrate groundbreaking practices in sustainable urban planning and design. These cities are developing strong urban cores, building pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and improving public transit. They are incorporating ecological design and planning concepts, from solar energy to natural drainage and community gardens. And they are changing the way government works, instituting municipal "green audits" and reforming economic incentives to encourage sustainability.
Whatever their specific tactics, these communities prove that a holistic approach is needed to solve environmental problems and make cities sustainable. Beatley and these esteemed contributors offer vital lessons to the domestic planning community about not only what European cities are doing to achieve that vision, but precisely how they are doing it. The result is an indispensable guide to greening American cities.
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Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction
Author: 333 | Size: 6.35 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security | Year: 2006
This document presents recommendations for incorporating sound security considerations into the planning, design, construction, and modification of security-related airport facilities and airport terminal buildings. It consolidates information developed through the participation of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and other government and aviation industry professionals. The information in this document was gained through the experiences of a broad range of aviation security programs and projects at numerous United States (U.S.) airports, and through the continuing efforts of government and industry to develop improved approaches to incorporating cost-effective security features into the early planning and design of airport facilities. The information is presented here in a single document, which will be revised and updated periodically as regulations, security requirements, and technology change.
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