Author: Sheppard, D Max | Size: 4.30 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2011 | pages: 63 | ISBN: 9780309155373
This report presents recommendations for (1) a predictive equation for equilibrium local scour and (2) a potential equation for predicting scour evolution rates at wide piers and skewed piers. These equations provide better estimates of local scour and scour evolution rates than those predicted by currently available equations. Such estimates will reduce over-predictions and the unwarranted need for countermeasures. The material contained in the report should be of immediate interest to state hydraulic engineers and others involved in the design, operation, and maintenance of highway bridges.
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This report presents design guidelines for concrete girders strengthened in shear using externally bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) systems. These guidelines address the strengthening schemes and application of the FRP systems and their contribution to shear capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete girders. The guidelines are supplemented by design examples to illustrate their use for concrete beams strengthened with different FRP systems. The guidelines are presented in AASHTO LRFD format to facilitate use and incorporation into the AASHTO "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications." Also, the report presents recommended changes to the AASHTO "LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" to introduce provisions pertaining to the use of FRP systems for strengthening concrete girders in shear. The material contained in the report should be of immediate interest to state bridge engineers and those involved in the strengthening and repair of concrete structures using FRP systems.
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This report provides an evaluation of existing "AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" relevant to the use of high-strength reinforcing steel and other grades of reinforcing steel having no discernible yield plateau. The report also includes recommended language to the "AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications" that will permit the use of high-strength reinforcing steel with specified yield strengths not greater than 100 ksi. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers.
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Author: Ray, Brian L | Size: 15.47 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2011 | pages: 193 | ISBN: 9780309155489
This report provides guidelines for ramp and interchange spacing based on design, operations, safety, and signing considerations. The guidelines will be valuable to transportation agencies who need to balance system efficiency and safety with the need to provide access for local users. The guidelines are intended to aid the decision-making process when an agency is considering new ramps or interchanges on existing facilities, modifying ramps and interchanges of existing facilities, or when planning and designing new highway and interchange facilities. The guidelines also offer standardized definitions measuring ramp and interchange spacing, which have varied in previous design manuals guides.
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This report provides a set of protocols and methodologies for using available recent truck traffic data to develop and calibrate vehicular loads for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) superstructure design, fatigue design, deck design, and design for overload permits. The protocols are geared to address the collection, processing, and use of national weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. The report also gives practical examples of implementing these protocols with recent national WIM data drawn from states/sites around the country with different traffic exposures, load spectra, and truck configurations. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers. This report replaces NCHRP Web Document 135.
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This report provides a set of protocols and methodologies for using available recent truck traffic data to develop and calibrate vehicular loads for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) superstructure design, fatigue design, deck design, and design for overload permits. The protocols are geared to address the collection, processing, and use of national weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. The report also gives practical examples of implementing these protocols with recent national WIM data drawn from states/sites around the country with different traffic exposures, load spectra, and truck configurations. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers. This report replaces NCHRP Web Document 135.
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Author: Budge, Aaron S Burdorf, Michael J | Size: 2.41 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2011 | pages: 99 | ISBN: 9780309213158
This report presents a practical process for determining an agency's full costs associated with performing highway maintenance. The process can be applied to any specific maintenance activity and ensures that the resulting full cost incorporates a fair share of both maintenance program and enterprise support costs. In addition, the report documents the application of the full cost determination process for a number of state departments of transportation and different maintenance activities to demonstrate the types of options, exceptions, and decisions that would be needed in order to perform the full cost calculation. The material contained in the report should be of immediate interest to state maintenance engineers and others involved in the maintenance of highway infrastructure.
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Subgrade Stabilization ME Properties Evaluation and Implementation
Author: Budge, Aaron S Burdorf, Michael J | Size: 1.00 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Minnesota State University | Year: 2012 | pages: 139 | ISBN: -
The state and many counties throughout Minnesota are using a variety of subgrade stabilization techniques for various materials used in road construction. Such methods appear to improve constructability and lead to increased performance and reduced maintenance. While a number of studies have investigated such stabilization efforts (including materials and techniques, relative increases in strength and/or stiffness, etc.) no overall quantification and summary of the effects of material stabilization have been brought forward with recommendations of parameters to be used for design purposes. Although these techniques and materials are commonly used, minimal information has been obtained relating to the Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) properties of these improved materials such that the more cost-effective designs can be implemented. Not having recommendations for the ME properties of the improved materials, the designer is forced to use values for the non-stabilized material. While this does likely lead to extended road life, costs could be greatly reduced by taking advantage of the improved properties of the stabilized roadway materials. This project has involved determining which types of subgrade stabilization are being used, identifying which of these stabilization techniques/materials are of interest to the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), compiling the results of past research relating to these stabilization techniques, summarizing the results of past research and proposing a mix design procedure that obtains material properties for use in design. This proposed mix design procedure will allow the designer to account for improved stiffness due to stabilization, reducing costs and improving the efficiency of the design.
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Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope in a globalizing world
Author: Yasser Elsheshtawy | Size: 4.9 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group | Year: 2004 | pages: 225 | ISBN: 0-415-30400-8
This book originated from a desire to articulate a local voice. Many writings on the Middle East are from external observers. While such efforts are commendable they may miss some of the nuances of our region which can only be detected by those who are – on a daily basis – dealing with the problems of the ‘Arab’ street. Whether it is in encounters with citizens and authorities or dealing with various public and private organizations, all play a vital role in constructing an understanding, a referential framework, which may be absent for those observing our cities from afar. While such closeness may lead to a subjective viewpoint – as opposed to the ‘objective’, ‘neutral’ external observer – it nevertheless contributes to an empathy and an understanding of the ‘deep structure’ of Middle East cities. It is of interest to note however that all writers – except one – have left their ‘home’ cities and have settled elsewhere in the Middle East after a period of studying in the West.
They exemplify the condition of the ‘modern nomad’ moving from one place to another, not belonging to a fixed country. At the same time living in, and being exposed to, more than one Middle East city has led to a better comprehension of our urban environment, particularly in appreciating its heterogeneous nature. Furthermore, being exposed to a variety of cultures, religions, and languages has led to an openness, and an understanding of the ‘other’. Rather than stereotyping cultures which are different from our own we are trying to utilize the methods and tools of the West to further our understanding of our own societies, and in many ways to engage in a period of self reflection and criticism rather than denial.
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