Optimum corrosion protection of post-tensioning tendons has been a priority since the beginning of this technology. The temporary ban of grouted post-tensioning tendons in the United Kingdom, from 1992-1996, has initiated a review of all aspects related to durability of post-tensioning tendons. One of the UK conclusions of this review was to require encapsulation of the post-tensioning tendons into wear-resistant and leak-tight plastic ducts to serve as an additional corrosion protection barrier. Since that time, other countries have at least partially adopted similar approaches. Designs of these plastic ducts may vary significantly between different suppliers. In addition, experience with these systems is still relatively limited. Hence, these plastic ducts cannot be standardised at this time. Therefore, the former FIP Commission 2, and now fib Commission 9 Reinforcing and Prestressing Materials and Systems, has set-up a task group to prepare a fib report on corrugated plastic ducts for internal, bonded post-tensioning. This report is written as a guide for an approval process for such plastic ducts. It shall serve readers such as authorities, and engineers as a guide on how to set-up a formal state approval process for these ducts, or at least allow them to properly assess systems offered for a specific project.
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The former FIP Commission Prefabrication drafted the FIP Recommendations on the design of Precast prestressed hollow core floors, published by FIP in 1988 (Telford, London, ISBN 0-7277-1375-2). That document was highly appreciated by designers and public authorities because of the lack of guidance available elsewhere, especially with respect to some specific features of the product, for example the absence of transverse reinforcement. It has also served as a reference guide for national standards and especially for the CEN product standard on prestressed hollow core slabs.
During the production of that report it was felt that some design rules were incomplete or missing. In addition, research carried out since has resulted in complementary knowledge on the behaviour of hollow core floors, for example in combination with slender floor beams.
The present guide to good practice is intended to complement the existing recommendations. The research for the different items was carried out at Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), Politecnico di Torino (Italy), VTT (Finland), University of Nottingham (United Kingdom), Building Research Institute (Poland), and the University of Rome (Italy).
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The enormous growth in scale and complexity of modern industrial facilities, and the associated increase in consumption of energy and raw materials, has put the environment under pressure in terms of depletion of basic resources and safety. Large-scale industrial accidents and severe pollution of the biosphere, as well as detailed analyses of hazard scenarios, have revealed the need for reconsidering currently used safety concepts. Among the many aspects involved in such a process of reconsideration, the protection of the environment is one of the important issues.
This report is the first of an intended series of three reports on structural protective systems against hazards. This first report deals with the nature and extent of the problem. Currently used safety concepts are briefly mentioned and evaluated. A survey of hazards and hazard scenarios further illustrates the weak points in traditional solutions. This evaluation reveals that the adoption of concrete structures can substantially enhance the safety of people and of the environment. Some examples of concrete protective structures are presented, showing the potentialities of concrete structures for reliable protection.
The material for this report has been brought together by a small group of experts from the chemical and the building industry, consultants, authorities and the academic world. The input of individual members consisted of active participation in meetings of the working group and corresponding membership. The working group was part of the former FIP Commission 8 Concrete Storage Vessel Systems. After the merger of FIP and CEB in May 1998, the work has been and will continue in the framework of fib Commission 3 Environmental Aspects of Design and Construction.
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The development of reinforced and prestressed concrete during the last 50 years was highly promoted by the ”Comité Euro-international du Béton (CEB)“ and the ”Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (FIP)“. In 1998 these two associations merged, forming the ”Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib)“.
The results of CEB and FIP had been distributed in different ways, such as 'CEB Bulletins d'Information', FIP–Reports, FIP–Notes and CEB–News. These Bulletins or reports comprised various kinds of information, such as State-of-the-Art-Reports, Research Reports, Application Manuals, Guides to Good Practice and the CEB/FIP Model Codes 1978 and 1990. These Model Codes provided design principles and application rules to the structural engineering profession and have been predominantly used for code drafting by many national and international standardizing bodies.
The Textbook on Structural Concrete is now intended to provide background information and justification especially for the CEB/FIP Model Code 90 and in some fields of recently extended knowledge. It is addressed to advanced students: this means that basic information on structural analysis and behaviour of structural concrete is a required prerequisite. Practising structural engineers may utilize it for gaining background information on the CEB/FIP Model Code 90 (and national or regional codes as for ex. EUROCODE 2, based on MC 90). The Textbook is also conceived to assist teachers at technical universities or engineering schools to achieve better understanding of the recent theories on structural concrete.
Having these targets in mind the General Assembly of CEB decided already in 1995 to set-up a Special Activity Group ”Dissemination of Knowledge“ to realise that work.
The authors invited to draft the different chapters had been mostly involved already in drafting the Model Code 90. In this way consistent information could be provided, both for the code and the textbook. Each chapter has been thoroughly discussed and commented within the Special Activity Group 2.
This textbook was first presented to fib members during the Technical Activity Workshop in October 1999 in Prague, held in connection with the first fib symposium. The authors are looking forward to receiving comments from various corners.
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The development of reinforced and prestressed concrete during the last 50 years was highly promoted by the ”Comité Euro-international du Béton (CEB)“ and the ”Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (FIP)“. In 1998 these two associations merged, forming the ”Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib)“.
The results of CEB and FIP had been distributed in different ways, such as 'CEB Bulletins d'Information', FIP–Reports, FIP–Notes and CEB–News. These Bulletins or reports comprised various kinds of information, such as State-of-the-Art-Reports, Research Reports, Application Manuals, Guides to Good Practice and the CEB/FIP Model Codes 1978 and 1990. These Model Codes provided design principles and application rules to the structural engineering profession and have been predominantly used for code drafting by many national and international standardizing bodies.
The Textbook on Structural Concrete is now intended to provide background information and justification especially for the CEB/FIP Model Code 90 and in some fields of recently extended knowledge. It is addressed to advanced students: this means that basic information on structural analysis and behaviour of structural concrete is a required prerequisite. Practising structural engineers may utilize it for gaining background information on the CEB/FIP Model Code 90 (and national or regional codes as for ex. EUROCODE 2, based on MC 90). The Textbook is also conceived to assist teachers at technical universities or engineering schools to achieve better understanding of the recent theories on structural concrete.
Having these targets in mind the General Assembly of CEB decided already in 1995 to set-up a Special Activity Group ”Dissemination of Knowledge“ to realise that work.
The authors invited to draft the different chapters had been mostly involved already in drafting the Model Code 90. In this way consistent information could be provided, both for the code and the textbook. Each chapter has been thoroughly discussed and commented within the Special Activity Group 2.
This textbook was first presented to fib members during the Technical Activity Workshop in October 1999 in Prague, held in connection with the first fib symposium. The authors are looking forward to receiving comments from various corners.
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FIB 3: Textbook on Behaviour, Design and Performance Volume 3: Durability - Design for Fire Resistance, Member Design - Maintenance, Assessment and Repair, Practical Aspects
The development of reinforced and prestressed concrete during the last 50 years was highly promoted by the ”Comité Euro-international du Béton (CEB)“ and the ”Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte (FIP)“. In 1998 these two associations merged, forming the ”Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib)“.
The results of CEB and FIP had been distributed in different ways, such as 'CEB Bulletins d'Information', FIP–Reports, FIP–Notes and CEB–News. These Bulletins or reports comprised various kinds of information, such as State-of-the-Art-Reports, Research Reports, Application Manuals, Guides to Good Practice and the CEB/FIP Model Codes 1978 and 1990. These Model Codes provided design principles and application rules to the structural engineering profession and have been predominantly used for code drafting by many national and international standardizing bodies.
The Textbook on Structural Concrete is now intended to provide background information and justification especially for the CEB/FIP Model Code 90 and in some fields of recently extended knowledge. It is addressed to advanced students: this means that basic information on structural analysis and behaviour of structural concrete is a required prerequisite. Practising structural engineers may utilize it for gaining background information on the CEB/FIP Model Code 90 (and national or regional codes as for ex. EUROCODE 2, based on MC 90). The Textbook is also conceived to assist teachers at technical universities or engineering schools to achieve better understanding of the recent theories on structural concrete.
Having these targets in mind the General Assembly of CEB decided already in 1995 to set-up a Special Activity Group ”Dissemination of Knowledge“ to realise that work.
The authors invited to draft the different chapters had been mostly involved already in drafting the Model Code 90. In this way consistent information could be provided, both for the code and the textbook. Each chapter has been thoroughly discussed and commented within the Special Activity Group 2.
This textbook was first presented to fib members during the Technical Activity Workshop in October 1999 in Prague, held in connection with the first fib symposium. The authors are looking forward to receiving comments from various corners.
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I would highly appreciate if someone could share these article:
Steel tower economics
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Behavior to Wind Action of Angle and T Bars on H. V. Lattice Structures
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This guide integrates theory and practice to offer practical solutions for architects to improve their design management skills. This unique guide helps architects improve their management skills by addressing the relationship between the management of the design project and the design office. The author demonstrates how a professionally managed project, conceived and delivered within a professionally managed office ensures that client values are translated into construction without loss of creativity. Design Management for Architects divides into two parts. Part 1: Managing Creative Projects covers the context and infrastructure of projects; looks at client values; describes developing, detailing and realising the design; and shows how to learn from projects. Part 2: Managing Creative Organisations describes the business of architecture; explains how to manage creative people and the design studio – covering communication and knowledge–sharing, information management, financial management and attracting/retaining clients. This second edition has been extensively rewritten in response to student feedback and to the rapid evolution of design management in architecture. New features include: the ‘Why Management?’ question addressed in a design context Vignettes to demonstrate the value of design management practical advice is incorporated into each chapter under ‘Project to Office Interface’ more specifics on the design manager role, and the contribution of ICTs (including BIM) to effective design management. By integrating theory and practice, and offering practical solutions for architects to improve their design management skills, this book provides clear guidance to all designers and (design) managers.
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