With GIS technologies ranging from Google Maps and Google Earth to the use of smart phones and in-car navigation systems, spatial knowledge is often acquired and communicated through geographic information technologies. This monograph describes the interplay between spatial cognition research and use of spatial interfaces. It begins by reviewing what is known about how humans process spatial concepts and then moves on to discuss how interfaces can be improved to take advantage to those capabilities. Special attention is given to a variety of innovative geographical platforms that provide users with an intuitive understanding and support the further acquisition of spatial knowledge. The monograph concludes with a discussion of the number of outstanding issues, including the changing nature of maps as the primary spatial interface, concerns about privacy for spatial information, and a look at the future of user-centered spatial information systems.
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Static and dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete flat slab frame building for progressive collapse
Author: Seweryn Kokot, Armelle Anthoine, Paolo Negro, George Solomos | Size: 3.9 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen | Year: 2010 | pages: 94 | ISBN: N.A. - PUBSY JRC 62663 - 2010
European Commission
Joint Research Centre – Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
Title: Static and dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete flat slab frame building for progressive collapse
Author(s): Seweryn Kokot, Armelle Anthoine, Paolo Negro, George Solomos
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2010 – 94 pp. – 21.0 x 29.7 cm
Abstract
The problem of the progressive collapse of a building has been addressed using a reinforced concrete
flat slab frame. This structure was tested in the past at the ELSA laboratory to evaluate safety margins
against collapse. Static linear and nonlinear analyses of the building under column removals had first
been performed and then, in the experiment, columns had been successively removed, slowly
demolished with a crunching machine. The experiment showed that the structure survived the
demolition of two central columns, and also that structural testing against progressive collapse can be
very challenging.
Extending the scope, the dynamic nature of the loading has been considered in this report since
buildings can be exposed to fast dynamic abnormal events, such as explosions or impacts, which may
destroy abruptly load bearing elements. Thus, this study tries to answer the question of what would
have happened to this building if the columns had been destroyed dynamically. For the same
structural model dynamic linear and nonlinear analyses have been performed employing the finite
element computational framework of the SAP2000 code. Alternately, three columns, a central and two
corner ones, have been instantaneously removed and the structural response of the frame calculated.
Maximum values of bending moments and forces at critical sections are reported and compared to
those of the static analyses. Time histories of deflections of nodes above missing columns are
determined, and several ratios of response parameters resulting from the different analyses are
produced for comparison purposes. All approaches predict no mechanism which might lead to
progressive collapse, even though several hinges are formed. Advantages of the use of static or
dynamic, linear or nonlinear analyses are discussed.
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Title Review of the Effect of Fly Ash and Slag on Alkali-aggregate Reaction in Concrete
Volume 314 of Building Research Establishment report: Building Research Establishment
Authors M. D. A. Thomas, Building Research Establishment Ltd., Garston (GB).
Publisher Building Research Establishment, 1996
ISBN 1860810926, 9781860810923
Length 122 pages
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Author: Michael J. Pfeiffer & David Darwin | Size: 1.416 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Scanner | Publisher: THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS | Year: 1987, SM Report No. 20 | pages: 80
JOINT DESIGN FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
By
Michael J. Pfeiffer
David Darwin
A Report on Research Sponsored by
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
AND
MATERIALS LABORATORY
Structural Engineering and Engineering Materials
SM Report No. 20
December 1987
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CENTER FOR RESEARCH, INC.
2291 Irving Hili Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT • • • •
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF TABLES •
LIST OF FIGURES.
INTRODUCTION
THE NEED FOR JOINTS.
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS.
Joint Construction.
Joint Location.
Summary •••
EXPANSION JOINTS ••
Single Story Buildings: Martin and Acosta
Single and Multi-Story Buildings: Varyani and Radhaji
Single and Multi-Story Buildings: National Academy of Sciences 24
REFERENCES. 30
TABLES. 33
FIGURES 45
APPENDIX A - NOTATION 53
APPENDIX B - EXPANSION JOINT EXAMPLES 55
Example 1: Single Story-Multi Bay Building. 55
Example 2: Multi Story-Multi Bay Building. 65
David Darwin Page in The University of Kansas
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An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs examines water reuse practices around the world from different perspectives. The objective is to show how differently wastewater reuse is conceived and practised around the world as well as to present the varied needs and possibilities for reusing wastewater. In the first section water reuse practices around the world are described for regions having common water availability, reuse needs and social aspects. The second section refers to the "stakeholders" point of view. Each reuse purpose demands different water quality, not only to protect health and the environment but also to fulfil the requirements of the specific reuse. Reuses considered are agricultural, urban agriculture as a special case of the former, municipal and industrial. Alongside these uses, the indirect reuse for human consumption through aquifer recharge is also discussed. The third section deals with emerging and controversial topics. Ethical and economical dilemmas in the field are presented as a subject not frequently addressed in this field. The role of governments in respect of public policy in reuse is discussed as well as the different international criteria and standards for reusing wastewater. The importance of public acceptance and the way to properly handle it is also considered. The fourth section of the book presents contrasting case studies; typical situations in the developed world (Japan and Germany) are compared to those in developing countries (Pakistan and Brazil) for agricultural and industrial reuse. Indirect planned reuse for human consumption (Germany) is compared with an unplanned one (Mexico). The Windhoek, Namibia case study is presented to emphasize why if the direct reuse of wastewater for human consumption has been performed with success for more than 35 years it is still the only example of this type around the world. To illustrate the difficulties of having a common framework for regulating water reuse in several countries, the Mediterranean situation is described. Other case studies presented refer to the reuse situation in Israel, Spain, Cameroon, Nepal and Vietnam, these latter countries being located in water rich areas. This book will be an invaluable information source for all those concerned with water reuse including water utility managers, wastewater policy makers and water resources planners as well as researchers and students in environmental engineering, water resources planning and sanitary engineering.
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Design Guide for FRP Composite Connections
ASCE Manual and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 102
Author: Ayman Mosallam | Size: 24 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) | Year: 2011 | Pages: 601 | ISBN: 078440612X, 9780784406120, 9780784476703
This Manual of Practice covers major issues related to the analysis and design of composite joints and frame connections manufactured from fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in general and pultruded (PFRP) composites in particular. Topics include: design philosophy and design considerations for structural composite members and connections; basic information and research and development work on the mechanics of fasteners and bolted composite joints; analysis and design methods for bolted composite joints; basic physical and mechanical information on structural adhesives and bonded composite joints; analysis and design methods for bonded composite joints; structural performance combined (bolted/bonded) joints; basic information and research and development related to PFRP framing connections; analysis and design methods for PFRP framing connections; and numerical analysis review of available finite element codes suitable for modeling and designing composite frame structures. MOP 102 addresses issues that are lacking in other national and international standards, design manuals, and technical publications. It will be valuable to structural engineers designing with FRP or PFRP composites.
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Produce precise 2D CAD drawings that you can easily edit, repurpose, and share, all wrapped up in the reliability of TrustedDWG technology.
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AutoCAD® Electrical design software, part of the Digital Prototyping solution, is AutoCAD for electrical controls designers. It includes all the functionality of AutoCAD software plus a complete set of electrical CAD features, including comprehensive symbol libraries and tools for automating electrical design tasks.
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AutoCAD® Mechanical design and drafting software is AutoCAD software for manufacturing. Part of the Digital Prototyping solution, it includes all the functionality of AutoCAD, plus libraries of standards-based parts and tools for automating common mechanical CAD tasks and accelerating the mechanical design process.
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Autodesk® AutoCAD® Structural Detailing software helps structural engineers, detailers and fabricators create more precise detailing and fabrication shop drawings. Built on the familiar Autodesk® AutoCAD® software platform, it’s structural engineering software for steel and concrete structures.
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