The book presents research papers presented by academicians, researchers, and practicing structural engineers from India and abroad in the recently held Structural Engineering Convention (SEC) 2014 at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi during 22 – 24 December 2014. The book is divided into three volumes and encompasses multidisciplinary areas within structural engineering, such as earthquake engineering and structural dynamics, structural mechanics, finite element methods, structural vibration control, advanced cementitious and composite materials, bridge engineering, and soil-structure interaction. Advances in Structural Engineering is a useful reference material for structural engineering fraternity including undergraduate and postgraduate students, academicians, researchers and practicing engineers.
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This books analyzes different approaches to modeling earthquake-induced structural pounding and shows the results of the studies on collisions between buildings and between bridge segments during ground motions. Aspects related to the mitigation of pounding effects as well as the design of structures prone to pounding are also discussed.
Earthquake-induced structural pounding between insufficiently separated buildings, and between bridge segments, has been repeatedly observed during ground motions. The reports after earthquakes indicate that it may result in limited local damage in the case of moderate seismic events, or in considerable destruction or even the collapse of colliding structures during severe ground motions. Pounding in buildings is usually caused by the differences in dynamic properties between structures, which make them vibrate out-of-phase under seismic excitation. In contrast, in the case of longer bridge structures, it is more often the seismic wave propagation effect that induces collisions between superstructure segments during earthquakes.
Table of contents :
Front Matter....Pages i-xv
Introduction....Pages 1-8
Modelling of Structural Pounding....Pages 9-34
Pounding Between Buildings....Pages 35-71
Pounding Between Bridge Segments....Pages 73-102
Mitigation of Pounding Effects....Pages 103-132
Design of Structures Prone to Pounding....Pages 133-156
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Widely used in the construction of bridges, dams and pavements, concrete and masonry are two of the world’s most utilized construction materials. However, many engineers lack a proper understanding of the methods for predicting and mitigating their movements within a structure. Concrete and Masonry Movements provides practical methods for predicting and preventing movement in concrete and masonry, saving time and money in retrofitting and repair cost. With this book in hand, engineers will discover new prediction models for masonry such as: irreversible moisture expansion of clay bricks, elasticity, creep and shrinkage. In addition, the book provides up-to-date information on the codes of practice.
Provides mathematical modelling tools for predicting movement in masonry Up-to-date knowledge of codes of practice methods Clearly explains the factors influencing all types of concrete and masonry movement Fully worked out examples and set problems are included at the end of each chapter
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This is the only comprehensive, practical resource for understanding, designing, and installing all major types of renewable energy systems. Find workable solutions for a variety of building types, including commercial, public and residential structures.
Technical concepts and data are presented in plain jargon-free language with clear, concise bulleted text
Packed with charts, tables and diagrams.
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WinHex is in its core a universal hexadecimal editor, particularly helpful in the realm of computer forensics, data recovery, low-level data processing, and IT security. An advanced tool for everyday and emergency use: inspect and edit all kinds of files, recover deleted files or lost data from hard drives with corrupt file systems or from digital camera cards. Features depend on the license type (license type comparison), among them:
Disk editor for hard disks, floppy disks, CD-ROM & DVD, ZIP, Smart Media, Compact Flash, ...
Native support for FAT12/16/32, exFAT, NTFS, Ext2/3/4, Next3®, CDFS, UDF
Built-in interpretation of RAID systems and dynamic disks
Various data recovery techniques
RAM editor, providing access to physical RAM and other processes' virtual memory
Data interpreter, knowing 20 data types
Editing data structures using templates (e.g. to repair partition table/boot sector)
Concatenating and splitting files, unifying and dividing odd and even bytes/words
Analyzing and comparing files
Particularly flexible search and replace functions
Disk cloning (under DOS with X-Ways Replica)
Drive images & backups (optionally compressed or split into 650 MB archives)
Programming interface (API) and scripting
256-bit AES encryption, checksums, CRC32, hashes (MD5, SHA-1, ...)
Erase (wipe) confidential files securely, hard drive cleansing to protect your privacy
Import all clipboard formats, incl. ASCII hex values
Convert between binary, hex ASCII, Intel Hex, and Motorola S
Character sets: ANSI ASCII, IBM ASCII, EBCDIC, (Unicode)
Instant window switching. Printing. Random-number generator.
Supports files >4 GB. Very fast. Easy to use. Extensive online help.
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I am curious to know the building design practice in Egypt if engineer is using ETABS design tool. Egypt has its concrete design code but ETABS does not support Egyptian code, so how engineers use Egyptian design code for building designing unlike Indian code?
ABViewer is a high-quality, cost-efficient multi-functional design and engineering document management application. ABViewer offers you a wide choice of professional viewing and editing tools. Support of more than 30 both raster and vector formats is provided, including AutoCAD DWG, DXF, DWF, Hewlett-Packard HPGL, PLT, HGL, CGM, SVG, IGES/IGS, STEP/STP, STL, 3DS, TIFF, BMP, JPG, GIF etc.
The 10th version includes the following features:
Convenient navigation in 3D mode while viewing 3D models
Supported formats: STEP, STP, IGES, IGS, BREP, STL, SAT (ACIS®)
Export into OBJ and STL
Copy with base point
Embedding of Xref files into the current drawing
Deleting of segments with one mouse click on the internal or external side of the selected outline
Quick access to CAD file settings, layers and layout options from the window Batch print
The window Structure now has search and access to files
Export of bit-mapped images into DWG and DXF in the window Batch
Command Convert to polyline converts the selected object into a polyline
Command Show performs zooming of the selected objects in the window of the program working area
Commands Explode all and Explode all inserts break connections between all compound objects in the drawing
The option Show contours of composite objects added and includes showing of the objects contours while relocating complex objects
Polyline editing improved and now parallel relocation of line segments is possible
The option Fillet for polyline that enables the user to create arc segments of a specified radius
The opportunity of filtration added in the window Layers
Command line improved, system variables added
Work in 3D mode has become easier due to convenient navigation. When object is pointed with the cursor its surface is highlighted.
Key features:
A combined viewer, editor and converter
Support of DWG, DXF, PLT, HPGL, TIFF, SVG, CGM, IGES/IGS*, STEP/STP*, STL*, 3DS* and other industry-standard formats (* for 3D formats please install a free 3D Plugin)
Printing of large formats (e.g. A1), on an A4 printer
The versatility to perform all operations from design to engineering with related documentation
An easy-to-use, fast, professional and powerful product
The most important aspects of ABViewer are quality, speed and price!
Supported formats:
AutoCAD DWG, DXF and all versions of DWF
Hewlett-Packard PLT Viewer: HPGL, HGL, HG, PRN, SPL
Scalable Vector Graphics: SVG
Computer Graphics Metafile: CGM
3DStudio (and many others): 3DS
Stereolithography file format (ANSI and binary): STL
Initial Graphics Exchange Specification: IGES1
Standard for the Exchange of Product model data: STEP1
PS Adobe
Windows metafile: EMF, WMF
All popular raster drawings supported, including TIFF, BMP, JPG, PSD, and GIF
Full list
Managing Portions of Drawings:
Copying portions of drawings to the clipboard in raster (BMP) and vector (EMF) formats
Printing portions of drawings
Saving portions as separate files (DXF, PDF, BMP, etc)
Editing Drawings:
ABViewer allows editing of both standard CAD formats such as DWG and DXF and other vector files: PLT, SVG, CGM. The application provides all the professional editor tools and enables operations supported by ‘heavy editors’, which are usually used for design work.
Conversion Features:
Copying to the clipboard as BMP, EMF/WMF
Exporting drawings to raster formats BMP, JPEG, GIF, TIFF with the possibility of additional settings
Saving vector data when exporting to the vector files: PDF, DXF, PLT, SVG, CGM, SWF, WMF, EMF
! Important: Clip Rectangle allows conversion of a selected part of the drawing
Batch Conversion and Batch Print
It is now much faster and easier to print or convert a large number of files into another format. ABViewer supports simultaneous conversion and print in batch mode – with the same settings for all files.
Quick Load and Scaling Big Black-and-White Raster Files:
In ABViewer we have applied our know-how concerning 1-bit (Black-and-white) raster formats management. Huge 15-20 thousand pixel files can be loaded in less than one second. They are immediately scaled – a feature that is very convenient with TIFF scanned drawings.
Measurement Tools:
Quick and easy setting of scale factor for measurements – no additional computations needed!
Changing of lengths, areas and perimeters
CAD File Management
You can hide all the texts and sizes just by one mouse click
Convenient switching between files
A large number of settings for snapping to objects, used for both editing and measurement purposes
Measuring distances on a drawing (including the scale factor setting)
3D viewing and editing
Viewing with six orthogonal projections and four isometric views
Automatic rotation of the loaded CAD file by a given angle
Managing layers
Color and black-and-white modes for CAD files
Choosing a background color
DWG/DXF/SVG/CGM arcs and circles can be drawn as smooth curves and saved as metafile arcs, and ellipses as EMF, which allows scaling without loss in quality
Setting the quantity of line segments when drawing circles, arcs, ellipses and splines
Merging drawings into one file
The possibility of viewing a CAD files structure
Supporting SHX-fonts, including UNICODE and BIGFONTS.
File Search
Favorites and Explorer panels give the possibility of fast file navigation. Thumbnails sub-programme allows viewing of all files in a catalogue before they are opened, including DXF, PLT and other files not managed by Windows or ordinary viewers. Due to the up-to-date tab-based document structure, you can navigate between files quickly and easily.
File Navigation
Dynamic scaling of the drawing with the help of the mouse-wheel, like in AutoCAD™. ‘Find text’ and ‘Find point’ lead to the necessary part of the drawing quickly. If only the contour of a detail is required in the drawing, it is possible to hide all the texts and sizes by one mouse-click; it is not necessary to open layers and change their visibility.
Redline
The Redline mode or commentaries to the drawing provide additional information that is ‘applied over’ the drawing but does not change the basic file. All editing elements are at your disposal in this mode. Commentaries and remarks, together with the basic file, can be printed or converted to another format. A drawing can be supplied with many commentaries of this kind. In addition, the path to the redline files containing the remarks can be saved, which allows to load the files automatically when the drawing is opened next time.
Print
The print feature provides the user with a vast range of capabilities. Both a single file and a set of files can be printed with predefined settings. The ‘Print preview’ dialog box contains a large number of settings, for example DWG/DXF line width, color and layers, and nil width value. Printing ‘in tiles’ allows printing images on any number of sheets of any size with the necessary scale. For example, large images (A0, A1 etc) can be divided into many small pages of a different size for subsequent pasting together into one big drawing. Any ‘tile’ can be printed separately. Therefore, if one page seems defective (e.g., because of problems with the printer), it is possible to re-print this page separately. As an alternative to printing the whole file, it is possible to print a selected area (with the help of ‘Clip Rectangle’ that selects the required part) and print the view area. Color drawings can be printed with a black-and-white printer in high quality and without grey halftones. There is a number of frames that can be inserted onto the printed page.
Preset sizes for standard formats (ISO-A; DIN: A4, A3, A2, A1, A0; US: A, B, C, D, E).
Supported Formats
ABViewer can be associated with all the supported formats
Languages
There is support for more than 30 languages:
Arabic
Brazilian Portuguese
Bulgarian
Belarusian
Chinese
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Estonian
Finnish
French
Greek
German
Hebrew
Hungarian
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Norwegian
Polish
Portuguese (Portugal)
Romanian
Russian
Serbian
Slovak
Slovenian
Spanish
Swedish
Taiwanese
Turkish
Ukrainian
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Landscape Architecture: A Manual of Environmental Planning and Design, Fifth Edition
Author(s)/Editor(s): Barry Starke and John Ormsbee Simonds | Size: 34.3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: 0071797653 | Year: 2013 | pages: 432 | ISBN: 0071797653
The most comprehensive, current guide to the theory and practice of landscape architecture
For more than 50 years, this pioneering guide has served as the foremost resource on the principles and practices of landscape architecture. Now, the book has been revised to address the latest developments in the field, providing a comprehensive, current presentation of the profession.
Richly illustrated with more than 400 full-color images, Landscape Architecture, Fifth Edition, explains how to plan and design for the human use of land with the least environmental impact. This updated volume offers new coverage of important topics such as sustainability, climate change, water conservation, land reuse, urban agriculture, stormwater management, low-impact design, and much more. This definitive reference:
• Introduces the fundamentals of site and environmental planning
• Describes the planning constraints imposed by the forms, forces, and features of nature and our built environment
• Addresses climate and its design implications
• Discusses site selection and analysis
• Instructs in the planning of workable and well-related use areas
• Describes the volumetric shaping of exterior spaces
• Explores site-structure relationships and organization
• Applies contemporary thinking in the planning of expressive human habitations and communities
Landscape Architecture, Fifth Edition, preserves the essential character and timelessness of the original classic while incorporating up-to-date advancements in the profession.
Extensively revised and filled with more than 400 contemporary full-color images, Landscape Architecture, Fifth Edition, remains the quintessential resource on planning for the human use of land in harmony with the environment. The book presents a systematic approach to the creation of more usable, efficient, and attractive outdoor spaces and places. Teaching diagrams, plans, photographs, and graphics--including the works of many of the world's leading landscape architects and firms--are featured throughout. This thoroughly modernized classic offers new coverage of:
• Sustainability
• Climate change and global warming
• Water preservation and water rights
• Land reuse and brownfield redevelopment
• GIS mapping
• Invasive species
• Urban agriculture and urban forestry
• Stormwater management
• Low-impact design
• Complete streets
• New Urbanism, Smart Growth, and Traditional Neighborhood Development
Landscape Architecture, Fifth Edition, addresses every aspect of site and environmental planning, design, and implementation, including:
The most comprehensive, current guide to the theory and practice of landscape architecture
• The human habitat and sustainability
• Climate
• Water
• Land
• Vegetation
• The visual landscape
• Topography
• Community planning and growth management
• Rational land use planning
• Urban design
• Site planning
• Site spaces
• Circulation
• Structures
• Landscape planting
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I've tried it several times and so I believe most projects are just scam, possibly money laundering.
Other projects are homework or job work for which the employer is just too lazy to do it, and so he goes to sleep why some other guy does it for him for less than 10% the so called employer is paid.
Recently I saw a request for a Fortran direct solver, linear, frames only, various load patterns, 3D, banded matrix, ...
It looked like homework or semester school project, the employer was offering about 50-250 AUD, and the winner was an Phd Indian univ. assistant for 110 AUD and 10 days of work.
The employer had cocky requests like: describe in one sentence why should I hire you.
In my humble opinion this work is more expensive than 110 AUD, e.g. I might do it for at least 1000 AUD.
The proper money would be like 2000 AUD, for which I might provide a simple GUI.
Given the experience required: file input structure, joint renumbering algorithm, load pattern calculation, Timoshenko beam, frame sections, materials, Gauss with partial pivoting, and output file structure including: joint displacements, reactions, frame forces... add also error checking and reporting.
I mean wow, you have to know some stuff to do it, engineering, math, programming, and common FEA algorithms for this.
Am I too expensive?
An engineer in let's say Western Europe makes about 2000-5000 Euro/month, or the same in GBP, or the same in $ if in US. (He knows & understands Fortran, finite element analysis algorithms, file storage and problem requirements, so he is a smart dude with knowledge)
Let's take 2000$/month, if working for 8h/day, 5days/week, about 170 h/month (average), that is: 2000/170=12$/hour
So projects like the above must be solved in 10 hours? Most likely in less like 5 hours, because you don't know if you get paid, you have to seek the next job....
Forgot to include taxes in all above.
There was another, something like: in at most 18 hours extract phone numbers from 2000 websites for 5 AUD. There were a lot of bidders.
So what do you think? and what alternatives are there for decent freelancer work?
This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the publicat large.
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ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
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ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
The endnotes in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard.
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