GEO-INSTITUTE OF ASCE GROUTING COMMITTEE JET GROUTING TASK FORCE
JET GROUTING GUIDELINE
This document has been prepared by the Jet Grouting Task Force, a subcommittee of the Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Grouting Committee. The Jet Grouting Task Force was assembled in 2005 by the Grouting Committee to represent a cross section of the industry. Task Force members include Owners, Engineers, Consultants, and Specialty Contractors all engaged in jet grouting activities. The intent of this document is to provide a jet grouting guideline approved by the Jet Grouting Task Force that is fair to all parties involved on a jet grouting project. This document is not intended to cover every conceivable application or requirement of jet grouting. However, it does provide standard practice requirements for qualifications, materials, equipment, testing, and production procedures for the Professional Engineer to incorporate into their project specific requirements. The Task force has included commentary within this document. The commentary is shown in italic and appears immediately after sub-articles requiring further discussion. The commentary is here to provide a better understanding of specific language chosen for the body of the guideline and also provides alternate requirements and language that can be incorporated by the Professional Engineer.
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Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century
Preparing the Civil Engineer for the Future
The manner in which civil engineering is practiced must change. That change is necessitated by such forces as globalization, sustainability requirements, emerging technology, and increased complexity with the corresponding need to identify, define, and solve problems at the boundaries of traditional disciplines. As always within the civil engineering profession, change must be accomplished mindful of the profession’s primary concern for protecting public safety, health, and welfare. The profession recognizes the need for change. For example, in June 2006, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) convened the Summit on the Future of Civil Engineering – 2025. This gathering of civil engineering and other leaders, including international participants, articulated a global vision for the future of civil engineering. The vision1 sees civil engineers as being entrusted by society as leaders in creating a sustainable world and enhancing the global
quality of life.
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Ethics, Guidelines for Professional Conduct for Civil Engineers
Author: АСЦЕ | Size: 0.6 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers | Year: 2008 | pages: 27
Achieving an ethical professional career is a journey, not a destination. Your understanding of ethical behavior will change with time, experience, and discussion with others who have set out to take a similar journey. Only when you decide on a lifetime of learning about and discussing ethical behavior with others, can you hope to complete the journey successfully. The responsibility borne by employers and senior members of the profession to set standards of ethical behavior in their own lives cannot be overstated. It is the responsibility of people in positions of authority and seniority to make their peers and colleagues aware of the need to read the code of ethics often. Further, these mentoring members have an ethical responsibility to model behaviors that others may learn from and to raise questions and engage their peers and colleagues in discussing ethical issues.
The ASCE Code of Ethics (Appendix A) provides guidance for engineers’ personal and professional conduct. The first canon of the code of ethics, holding “paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public,” should be at the forefront of all decisions, designs, and execution of responsibilities. The remaining six canons amplify the importance of Canon 1 and further describe a professional engineer’s responsibility not only to the public but also to his/her clients, employers, and other members of the engineering profession. Addressing the issues of all of these constituencies is essential to ensure the continued safety and quality of life of the public into the future, as well as to earn and sustain public trust and support for professional engineers in the efficient, safe, and economical performance of their duties.
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IABSE Report - Foundations for Major Bridges: Design and Construction
IABSE Colloquium Report - New Delhi 1999
Modern bridges demand compatible, durable, sustainable and cost-effective foundations that blend effectively with the type of superstructure and substructure; hence a thorough understanding of structural concepts, innovative construction methods and techniques, hydrology/hydraulics, geology/geo-technical, environmental and ecological parameters on the part of bridge engineers assume significance to keep pace with the advancements in the field.
Eminent structural engineers joined in New Delhi to discuss on the following topics and underlined the importance of the theme:
Geo-technical and Geophysical Investigation
Bed Erosion and Scour
Loading, Load Factors and Design Techniques
Construction
Case Studies
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Features
Comprehensive overview of nondestructive evaluation (NDE).
Includes examples that are based on real world applications and problems.
Gives the reader experience in making repair vs. retirement decisions regarding equipment.
Summary
Describing NDE issues associated with real-world applications, this comprehensive book details conventional and forthcoming NDE technologies. It instructs on current practices, common techniques and equipment applications, and the potentials and limitations of current NDE methods. Each chapter details a different method, providing an overview, an explanation of the fundamental physical laws governing the method, the inspection techniques and typical equipment used in it's application, final system integration of transducers, supporting instrumentation, commonly practiced procedures necessary for viable NDE inspection, examples of how the method can be applied, and end-of-chapter problems.
Introduction to NDE, P.J. Shull
Liquid Penetrant, F.A. Iddings and P.J. Shull
Ultrasound, P.J. Shull and B.R. Tittmann
Magnetic Particle, A. Lindgren, P.J. Shull, K. Joseph, and D. Hagemaier
Eddy Current, P.J. Shull
Acoustic Emission, W.H. Prosser
Radiology, H.E. Martz, Jr., C.M. Logan, and P. J. Shull
Active Thermography, J.W. M. Spicer and R. Osiander
Microwave, A.J. Bahr, R. Zoughi, and N. Qaddoumi
Optical Methods, D.D. Duncan, J.L. Champion, K.C. Baldwin, and D.W. Blodgett
Index
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Modern Hydrology and Sustainable Water Development
Author: S. K. Gupta | Size: 33.9 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell | Year: November 2010 | pages: 464 | ISBN: 9781405171243
The material of this book will derive its scientific under-pinning from basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines and will provide sufficient breadth and depth of understanding in each sub-section of hydrology. It will start with basic concepts:
* Water, its properties, its movement, modelling and quality
* The distribution of water in space and time
* Water resource sustainability
Chapters on ‘global change’ and ‘water and ethics’ aim respectively to emphasize the central role of hydrological cycle and its quantitative understanding and monitoring for human well being and to familiarize the readers with complex issues of equity and justice in large scale water resource development process.
Modern Hydrology for Sustainable Development is intended not only as a textbook for students in earth and environmental science and civil engineering degree courses, but also as a reference for professionals in fields as diverse as environmental planning, civil engineering, municipal and industrial water supply, irrigation and catchment management.
This book presents a unified treatment of the science and practice of modern hydrology, derived from the basics of mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, engineering, soil science, and related disciplines. The aim of the book is to provide both breadth and depth of understanding in each of the major sub-sections of modern hydrology, under three broad themes:
* water, its properties, its movement, modelling and quality;
* the distribution of water in space and time;
* water resource sustainability.
The importance of linking theory to application is underlined by the inclusion of four case studies from three continents. These examples cover regions of high water stress and show the relevance of the broad themes of the book to real field situations, and how adaptation measures can be employed to mitigate water stress.
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Build Roads That Stand Up to Any Weather Condition
The first book dedicated solely to this important topic, Cold Regions Pavement Engineering helps ensure that road quality is not compromised by cold temperatures and other environmental factors.
Using the latest research from the United States, Canada, and Europe, the authors supply all the information needed to make wise decisions in situations where freezing temperatures, unstable soil, precipitation, ice, and small populations are complicating factors, along with limited funding-a common problem when designing roads in cold regions. Posing specific design and maintenance problems encountered in the field, the authors present the techniques and materials to solve them.
Cold Regions Pavement Engineering is a long-needed resource.
Inside:
* Design methodologies and maintenance techniques
* Key information on material selection
* Calculations for proper structural design
* Strategies for constructing new roads
* Advice in rehabilitating old or damaged surfaces
* Case studies of problems and their solutions
Cold Regions Pavement Engineering includes:
' Pavement Materials and Performance ' Investigation and Testing o Calculation of Engineering Parameters ' Design Considerations ' Mix and Pavement Design ' Maintenance and Rehabilitation ' Pavements on Permafrost
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1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the construction of reinforced fill.
1.2 This European Standard covers engineered fills that are reinforced by the inclusion of horizontal or subhorizontal reinforcement placed between layers of fill during construction.
1.3 The scope of reinforced fill applications considered in this European Standard includes (Figure 1):
earth retaining structures, (vertical, battered or inclined walls, bridge abutments, bulk storage facilities), with a facing to retain fill placed between the reinforcing layers;
reinforced steep slopes with a facing, either built-in or added or wrap-around, reinforced shallow slopes without a facing, but covered by some form of erosion protection without a facing, reinstatement of failed slopes;
embankments with basal reinforcement and embankments with reinforcement against frost heave in the upper part.
Principles for the execution of other special geotechnical works using soil nails, bored piles, displacement piles, micro piles, sheet pile walls, diaphragm walls, grouting or jet grouting are established in other European Standards.
Reinforcement of road pavements is not covered by this Standard.
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Non-linear computer analysis methods have seen remarkable advancement in the last half-century. The state-of-the-art in non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete has progressed to the point where such procedures are close to being practical, every-day tools for design office engineers. Non-linear computer analysis procedures can be used to provide reliable assessments of the strength and integrity of damaged or deteriorated structures, or of structures built to previous codes, standards or practices deemed to be deficient today. They can serve as valuable tools in assessing the expected behaviour from retrofitted structures, or in investigating and rationally selecting amongst various repair alternatives.
fib Bulletin 45 provides an overview of current concepts and techniques relating to computer-based finite element modelling of structural concrete. It summarises the basic knowledge required for use of nonlinear analysis methods as applied to practical design, construction and maintenance of concrete structures, and attempts to provide a diverse and balanced portrayal of the current technical knowledge, recognizing that there are often competing and conflicting viewpoints.
This report does not give advice on picking one model over another but, rather, provides guidance to designers on how to use existing and future models as tools in design practice, in benchmarking of their models against established and reliable test data and in selecting an appropriate safety factor as well as recognising various pitfalls.
fib Bulletin 45 is intended for practicing engineers, and therefore focuses more on practical application and less on the subtleties of constitutive modelling.
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Preamble 1
1.2 Notation 2
1.3 Sample applications 2
(1.3.1 Kimberley‐Clark warehouse – 1.3.2 Sleipner A offshore platform –
1.3.3 Frame corner – 1.3.4 Base slabs in LNG storage tank)
1.4 The question of accuracy (1.4.1 – Reasons for caution) 20
1.5 Challenges remaining 27
1.6 Objectives 29
1.7 Scope of report 30
1.8 References 30
2 Design using linear stress analysis 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Membrane structures 34
(2.2.1 Notation – 2.2.2 General – 2.2.3 Reinforcement in one direction –
2.2.4 Isotropically reinforced panels – 2.2.5 The general solution –
2.2.6 Some comments on the angle θ – 2.2.7 The design concrete
compression strength, fcd. – 2.2.8 Example – Design of a reinforced concrete
squat shear wall)
2.3 Slabs and shells 52
(2.3.1 General – 2.3.2 Stress resultants – 2.3.3 Equilibrium, stress
transformation and boundary conditions for slabs – 2.3.4 Normal moment
yield criterion for slabs – 2.3.5 Sandwich model for the dimensioning of shell
elements – 2.3.6 Dimensioning of slab and shell elements in design practice –
2.3.7 Example 1 – 2.3.8 Example 2)
2.4 3D solid modelling 70
(2.4.1 Introduction – 2.4.2 Background – 2.4.3 Application to reinforced
concrete – 2.4.4 Reinforcement dimensioning for 3D stresses ‐ example 1 –
2.4.5 Reinforcement dimensioning for 3D stresses ‐ example 2)
2.5 References 78
3 Essential nonlinear modelling concepts 83
3.1 Introduction 83
3.2 Nonlinear concrete behaviour 84
(3.2.1 Concrete in compression – 3.2.2 Concrete in tension –
3.2.3 Modelling of tension stiffening – 3.2.4 Modelling of concrete cracks –
3.2.5 Modelling of reinforcement)
3.3 Nonlinear concrete modelling framework 98
(3.3.1 Elasticity – 3.3.2 Plasticity – 3.3.3 Damage – 3.3.4 Mixed models –
3.3.5 Discrete modelling frameworks)
3.4 Solution methods 102
(3.4.1 Newton‐Raphson method – 3.4.2 Modified Newton‐Raphson
method)
3.5 Precision of nonlinear concrete FE analyses 104
3.6 Safety and reliability 105
3.7 Statistical analyses 114
3.8 Concluding remarks 115
3.9 References 115
4 Analysis and design of frame structures using non‐linear models 121
4.1 Introduction 121
4.2 Notation 122fib Bulletin 45: Practitioners’ guide to finite element modelling of reinforced concrete structures v
4.3 Nonlinear models of frame elements 123
(4.3.1 Lumped versus distributed plasticity – 4.3.2 Distributed models –
4.3.3 Section models: fibre elements vs. strut‐and‐tie – 4.3.4 Modelling of
shear – 4.3.5 Modelling Bond Slip in Beams – 4.3.6 Analysis of a section)
4.4 Interpretation of results 148
(4.4.1 Localisation problems – 4.4.2 Physical characteristics of localised
failure in concrete – 4.4.3 Regularisation techniques for force‐based frame
elements – 4.4.4 Practical considerations)
4.5 References 160
5 Analysis and design of surface and solid structures using non‐linear models 165
5.1 Introduction 165
5.2 Notation 165
5.3 2D Structures with in‐plane loading 166
5.4 Plate and shell structures (5.4.1 Layered elements) 170
5.5 Three dimensional solid structures 173
(5.5.1 Introduction – 5.5.2 Models based on non‐linear elasticity –
5.5.3 Fracture‐plasticity modelling – 5.5.4 Microplane model –
5.5.5 Examples of the application of 3D FE modeling)
5.6 References 190
6 Advanced modelling and analysis concepts 195
6.1 Introduction 195
6.2 Constitutive frameworks 195
(6.2.1 Non‐linear elasticity – 6.2.2 Plasticity – 6.2.3 Continuum damage
mechanics – 6.2.4 Smeared crack models – 6.2.5 Microplane models)
6.3 Solution strategies 214
(6.3.1 Introduction – 6.3.2 Newton‐Raphson method – 6.3.3 Modified
Newton‐Raphson method – 6.3.4 Incremental displacement method –
6.3.5 The constant arc length method – 6.3.6 Line searches –
6.3.7 Convergence criteria – 6.3.8 Load‐displacement incrementation)
6.4 Other issues 223
(6.4.1 Post peak response of compression elements – 6.4.2 Effects of ageing
and distress in concrete – 6.4.3 Effects of ageing and distress in reinforcing
steel – 6.4.4 Second order effects)
6.5 References 227
7 Benchmark tests and validation procedures 233
7.1 Introduction 233
7.2 Calibration and validation of NLFEA models 234
(7.2.1 Overview of model calibration and validation process – 7.2.2 Level 1:
model calibration with material properties – 7.2.3 Level 2: validation and
calibration with systematically arranged element–level benchmark tests –
7.2.4 Level 3: validation and calibration at structural level)
7.3 Selection of global safety factor 239
7.4 Other issues in the use and validation of NLFEA programs 241
(7.4.1 Problem definition and model selection – 7.4.2 Working within the
domain of the program’s capability)
7.5 Case 1: Design of a shear wall with openings 244
(7.5.1 Objective – 7.5.2 Level 1 calibration – 7.5.3 Level 2 and 3
validation – 7.5.4 Evaluation of global safety)
7.6 Case study II: design of simply supported deep beam 250
(7.6.1 Objective – 7.6.2 Calibration and validation of NLFEAP‐1 –
7.6.3 Calibration and validation of NLFEAP‐2 – 7.6.4 Analysis of deep
beam)vi fib Bulletin 45: Practitioners’ guide to finite element modelling of reinforced concrete structures
7.7 Summary and future trends in model validation 260
7.8 Future trends in model validation 261
7.9 References 263
8 Strut‐and‐tie modelling 265
8.1 Introduction 265
8.2 Notation 266
8.3 Overview of the STM 267
(8.3.1 Strut‐and‐tie models – 8.3.2 Components of strut‐and‐tie models –
8.3.3 Admissible strut‐and‐tie models)
8.4 STM design steps (8.4.1 Complications in STM design) 270
8.5 Some considerations in using the STM 271
(8.5.1 Rules in defining D‐regions – 8.5.2 Two‐ and three‐dimensional
D‐regions – 8.5.3 Capacity of struts – 8.5.4 Uniqueness of strut‐and‐tie
models – 8.5.5 Strain incompatibility of struts and ties – 8.5.6 Tension
stiffening in ties – 8.5.7 Influence of tie anchorages – 8.5.8 Size, geometry,
and strength of nodal zones – 8.5.9 Load redistribution and ductility
requirements)
8.6 Computer‐based STM 279
8.7 Modelling aspects using computer‐based STM 280
(8.7.1 Identifying strut‐and‐tie models – 8.7.2 Refining strut‐and‐tie
models – 8.7.3 Other considerations – 8.7.4 Static indeterminacy of
strut‐and‐tie models – 8.7.5 Procedures to solve statically indeterminate
strut‐and‐tie models – 8.7.6 Dimensioning nodal regions)
8.8 Design example using computer‐based tools 298
(8.8.1 Problem statement – 8.8.2 Solution)
8.9 References 303
9 Special purpose design methods for surface structures 307
9.1 Introduction 307
9.2 Notation 307
9.3 Design of slabs and shear walls: perfect plastic approach 309
(9.3.1 Slabs subjected to bending loads – 9.3.2 Ultimate load determination –
9.3.3 Failure mode determination – 9.3.4 Material optimization –
9.3.5 Plates subjected to in‐plane loads)
9.4 Design of slabs using the reinforcement field approach 318
(9.4.1 Linear yield conditions for element nodal forces – 9.4.2 Material
optimisation through stress redistribution – 9.4.3 Slab subjected to bending
loads – 9.4.4 Dimensioning procedure)
9.5 Design of shear‐walls: the stringer‐panel approach 321
(9.5.1 Linear‐elastic version – 9.5.2 Non‐linear version –
9.5.3 A three‐step design procedure – 9.5.4 Example)
9.6 References 329
10 Concluding remarks 331
10.1 Introduction 331
10.2 Structural performance based design in practice 331
10.3 Benefits of non‐linear modelling and analyses 333
10.4 Code provisions 335
10.5 Specification of design loads 335
10.6 Maintenance 336
10.7 References
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Using the "search" option I was surprised that I didn't found this book.
Merry Christmas!
:JC_cheers:
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GOOGLE EARTH EXTENSION for AutoCAD and AutoCAD-based products
GOOGLE EARTH EXTENSION
OVERVIEW
Using the Google Earth Extension‘s simple wizard-driven interface, you can publish your 3D models from AutoCAD® software or select AutoCAD-based products directly into the Google Earth™ application. The technology preview allows you to import a Google Earth image into AutoCAD, publish your 3D model to Google Earth, drape a Google Earth image onto a 3D mesh in AutoCAD, and attach time span information to your model.
you have to registre befor u can download
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