BS 5228:2009 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites

This part of BS 5228 gives recommendations for basic methods of noise control relating to construction and open sites where work activities/operations generate significant noise levels, including industry-specific guidance.
The legislative background to noise control is described and recommendations are given regarding procedures for the establishment of effective liaison between developers, site operators and local authorities.
This part of BS 5228 provides guidance concerning methods of predicting and measuring noise and assessing its impact on those exposed to it.

This part of BS 5228 gives recommendations for basic methods of vibration control relating to construction and open sites where work activities/operations generate significant vibration levels, including industry‑specific guidance.
The legislative background to vibration control is described and recommendations are given regarding procedures for the establishment of effective liaison between developers, site operators and local authorities.
Guidance is provided concerning methods of measuring vibration and assessing its effects on the environment.

BS 4978-2007 Visual strength grading of softwood – Specification

This British Standard specifies a method of strength grading softwood visually for structural use. The permissible limits of characteristics for two visual strength grades of softwood, General Structural Grade (GS) and Special Structural Grade (SS) are specified. This British Standard applies to softwoods, graded for use in the United Kingdom, for both within the United Kingdom and abroad.

The Building Environment: Active and Passive Control Systems

Get the updated guide to active and passive control systems for buildings.
To capitalize on today's rapidly evolving, specialized technologies, architects, designers, builders, and contractors work together to plan the mechanical and electrical equipment that controls the indoor environment of a building. The Building Environment: Active and Passive Control Systems, Third Edition helps you take advantage of design innovations and construction strategies that maximize the comfort, safety, and energy efficiency of buildings.

From active HVAC systems to passive methods, lighting to on-site power generation, this updated edition explains how to strategically plan for and incorporate effective, efficient systems in today's buildings. It covers the underlying thermal theories and thermodynamic principles and focuses on design that enhances the building environment and minimizes the impact on the world's environment. The Building Environment goes beyond the ABCs of HVAC and covers:

* On-site power generation, including wind turbines, solar photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, and more.
* Plumbing systems, fire protection, signal systems, conveying systems, and architectural acoustics.
* Procedures and/or formulas for performing heat loss, heat gain, and energy use calculations, determining the rate of heat flow, calculating solar energy utilization, doing load calculations, and more.
* Details on the latest building codes and standards references.
* New information on the sustainable design of building systems and energy efficiency, including new technologies.
* The latest thinking and data on a building's impact on the environment, indoor air quality, and "sick building syndrome."
* Design economics, including the payback period, life-cycle cost, comparative value analysis, and building commissioning.
* A practical on-the-job tool for architects, designers, builders, engineers, contractors, and other specialists, this Third Edition is also a great reference for architecture students who will lead tomorrow's design teams.

Fatigue and Fracture Reliability Engineering

Fatigue and Fracture Reliability Engineering is an attempt to present an integrated and unified approach to reliability determination of fatigue and fracture behaviour, incorporating probability, statistics and other related areas.

A series of original and practical approaches, are suggested in Fatigue and Fracture Reliability Engineering, including new techniques in determining fatigue and fracture performances. It also carries out an investigation into static and fatigue properties, and into the failure mechanisms of unnotched and notched CFR composite laminates with different lay-ups to optimize the stacking sequence effect. Further benefits include:

a novel convergence-divergence counting procedure to extract all load cycles from a load history of divergence-convergence waves;
practical scatter factor formulae to determine the safe fatigue crack initiation and propagation lives from the results of a single full-scale test of a complete structure; and
a nonlinear differential kinetic model for describing the dynamical behaviour of an atom at a fatigue crack tip.
Fatigue and Fracture Reliability Engineering is intended for practising engineers in marine, civil construction, aerospace, offshore, automotive and chemical industries. It is also useful reading for researchers on doctoral programmes, and is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in any mechanically-oriented engineering discipline.

Content Level » Research

Keywords » Fatigue Reliability - Fatigue Reliability Analysis - Fracture Reliability - Reliability Design - Reliability Engineering

Related subjects » Mechanical Engineering - Physical & Information Science - Production & Process Engineering - Special types of Materials

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Deterministic Theorem on Fatigue and Fracture.- 2. Reliability and Confidence Levels of Fatigue Life.- 3. Principles Underpinning Reliability based Prediction of Fatigue and Fracture Behaviours.- 4. Data Treatment and Generation of Fatigue Load Spectrum.- 5. Reliability Design and Assessment for Total Structural Life.- 6. Reliability Prediction for Fatigue Damage and Residual Life in Composites.- 7. Chaotic Fatigue.

Tunnel Lining Design Guide

An Introduction to Meshfree Methods and Their Programming

Long-Term Performance of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel in Heavy Salt- Contaminated Concrete

This report describes long-term natural weathering exposure testing of the remaining 31 post-Southern Exposure (SE) test slabs that were not autopsied during the 1993–1998 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) research project. The samples were exposed from September 1998 to December 2002 at an outdoor test yard in Northbrook, IL. The 1993– 1998 research program involved testing more than 52 different bar materials and, consequently, 12 different bar types were selected for long-term durability tests in concrete exposed to the very aggressive SE test, which involved alternating wetting with 15 weight percent NaCl solution and drying cycles for 96 weeks. Periodic macrocell corrosion current between top and bottom mats and short-circuit potential data were collected during the exposure test rogram. p Upon termination of the test program, autopsy and subsequent laboratory analysis was performed on the test slabs. The test results confirmed that the black bars produced the highest mean macrocell current density (least corrosion resistant) among various combinations of test variables regardless of slab configuration, and that the stainless steel bars exhibited negligible mean macrocell current density. In general, bent epoxy-coated reinforcing bar (ECR) in the top mat, coupled with black bars in the bottom mat, performed the worst among all ECR cases. The straight top-mat ECRs’ macrocell current density varied from 7 to 40 percent of the highest black bar case, depending on the size of initial coating damage and type of bar in the bottom mat. ECR used in the top mat alone reduced the corrosion susceptibility to at least 50 percent of the black bar case, even when it contained coating damage and was connected to the black bar bottom mat. In contrast, if straight ECRs in the top mat were connected to ECRs in the bottom mat, the mean macrocell current density was no greater than 2 percent of the highest black bar case even when rebar coatings had defects, and approach the corrosion resistant level of stainless steel reinforcement. Such improved corrosion resistance can be attributed to (1) reduction in cathodic area; (2) higher electrical resistance; and (3) reduced cathodic reaction. Whenever an ECR slab with negligible macrocell current density was autopsied, the appearance of the extracted ECR and concrete/bar interface was excellent with no sign of corrosion. However, when ECRs specimens with high macrocell current densities were autopsied, they revealed coating deterioration due to corrosion and exhibited numerous hairline cracks and/or blisters in conjunction with reduced adhesion, coating disbondment (permanent adhesion loss), and underlying steel corrosion. No consistent trend was found between the level of macrocell current density and the extent of coating adhesion loss. The present test results and the earlier FHWA studies indicate that adhesion appeared to be a poor indicator of long-term performance of the coated bars in chloride contaminated concrete; it is concluded that there is no direct relationship between loss of adhesion and the effectiveness of ECR to mitigate corrosion.