This circular includes a series of papers that examine practical and reliable laboratory tests that could be considered for ranking the rutting potential of hot-mix asphalt paving mixtures. The circular also includes a literature review of performance tests. Each paper is entered separately in the TRIS database.
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With the advent of limit states design methodology in North American design specifications, there has been increasing demand to obtain statistical data to assess the reliability of structural and geotechnical designs. Reliability depends on load and resistance factors that are determined through calibration procedures using available statistical data. This Circular describes methodologies that can be used to determine load and resistance factors for geotechnical and structural design. The Circular begins with basic reliability concepts, continues with detailed procedures that can be used to characterize data to develop the statistics and functions needed for reliability analysis, presents detailed step-by-step examples, and concludes with practical considerations when statistical data are limited. Closed-form solutions for estimating load and resistance factors that can be used for simple cases, as well as more rigorous probabilistic analysis methods such as the Monte Carlo method, are discussed in detail. Procedures are provided for situations where either single or multiple loads must be considered. An example is also provided that demonstrates the effect of considering only the variability of the input parameters for a given design methodology versus considering the overall variability of the design method. Such an approach can also be used to assess the effect of variability of a given design parameter on the reliability of the design. This Circular is written to educate users of AASHTO, or similar Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifications, on how load and resistance factors are developed. Furthermore, there are some cases when new load and/or resistance factors must be developed, or when current load or resistance factors are not directly applicable due to project- or region-specific issues. The information provided herein can be used to estimate load and resistance factors where adjustment of these factors is justified based on local experience and data. Criteria for documentation of calibration input and results are also provided. This Circular has been written with the assumption that the reader has some familiarity with basic statistical concepts and tools. However, for the convenience of those lacking that familiarity, a brief summary of basic statistical concepts is provided in an appendix.
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The objective of this circular is to provide information on practices that agencies have found to be successful and provide a reasonable degree of uniformity and standardization in the evaluation of chemical stabilizers used in soil stabilization. The circular is intended to provide the potential user of any chemical stabilizer with important points to consider in evaluating whether or not the stabilizer is suitable for the intended use. Agencies have found that test results from either laboratory tests or field evaluation tests need to be presented in comparison with those performed on untreated soils under the same environmental and loading conditions. For the untreated soils (control specimens), experience has shown that all mixing and mechanical manipulations of the in-place soil should be similar to those performed on the treated soils. The use of the procedures outlined in this circular can assist in achieving a more uniform approach to the evaluation of chemical stabilizers. However, engineers who are thoroughly familiar with chemical stabilizers or those who are seeking specific performance criteria from the stabilized soil may prefer to use a modified performance testing technique that would be more applicable to the intended use of the product. In such cases, the procedures outlined in this circular may be considered as a norm for judging whether the results obtained using modified techniques are sufficiently different to warrant a departure from the approach described in this circular.
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Rehabilitation of existing pavements is a top pavement priority facing transportation agencies. Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays on asphalt pavements is an accepted option by all transportation agencies for restoring rideability, improving functional pavement performance, and increasing the structural capacity of the existing pavement system. HMA overlays can also be considered for application to an existing, deteriorated portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement providing measures are taken to eliminate reflection cracking emanating from the cracks and joints in the PCC pavement through the HMA overlay. One such measure is to rubblize the existing PCC pavement. This process was discussed in a two-part session on rubblization of portland cement concrete pavements at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. The papers in this document were written following the session and are based on the presentations.
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This circular includes an introduction containing highlights from a roundtable discussion and four papers that were presented during the 2005 Transportation Research Board 84th Annual Meeting at the Context-Sensitive Design Workshop. The papers explore street design in small European towns; context-sensitive design aspects of arterial streets in Berlin, Germany; and issues relative to historic sites such as Stonehenge in the United Kingdom.
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Bituminous emulsions were discussed in a technical session at the 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board in January 2005. The papers in this document were written following the session and are based on the presentations. These four papers serve as an overview of the chemistry, production, quality assurance testing, and application of bituminous emulsions.
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This paper examines some of the research innovations in the 20th century that led to advancements in concrete. The paper also explores what the future may hold as a result of the continuing advancements in high-performance durable concrete. The paper is organized under the following subheadings: significant areas of development; rehabilitation of deteriorating and damaged infrastructure components; design and rehabilitation; recent developments (creep and shrinkage control models, geopolymer concrete, flexible engineered cementitious concrete, hybrid GFRP-reinforcement for bridges and other structural systems, and self-consolidating concrete); constructability considerations; long-term durability; education and training; monitoring and cost evaluation; and expectations and conclusions.
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An all-day workshop at the 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) addressed asphalt practitioners' concerns related to specifying and achieving density during hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement construction. The workshop was divided into four mini-sessions with the following themes: Optimizing HMA Construction Temperatures; Recent Advances in Compaction Equipment, Including "Intelligent Compaction"; Longitudinal Joint Density; and Incentives-Disincentives for Construction Quality. The papers in this document are invited papers for this workshop.
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This circular summarizes a peer exchange that took place in Washington, D.C., on May 3-4, 2006. The peer exchange highlighted several examples of successful collaboration, data sharing, and the effective use of environmental geospatial information systems data in transportation planning. The report focuses on environmental stewardship, streamlining, and sustainable growth; the importance of effective collaboration; and building capacity for data management and sharing. Appendices to the report include the final meeting agenda, biographies of presenters and panelists, contact information for all participants, responses of Mid-Atlantic states to a preconference questionnaire, and references for related initiatives and resources.
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Transportation asset management is a data-intensive process and data integration is a fundamental component to improve integrated decision making. The evolution of geographic information systems and spatial technologies is providing powerful mechanisms for developing asset management decision-making products. However, many agencies are struggling with the development of these spatial products on an enterprise basis. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) Transportation Asset Management Committee (ABC40) and Spatial Data and Information Science Committee (ABJ60) hosted a peer exchange to investigate state and local agency applications of spatial technologies for asset management activities and to identify ongoing issues and research directions. Six state and local transportation agencies were selected based on their leadership and progress in the application of spatial technologies towards asset management. These six agencies were the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities; the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; the Kansas Department of Transportation; the New York State Department of Transportation; the New York State Thruway Authority; and the North Carolina Department of Transportation. Prior to the peer exchange, agency participants completed an extensive questionnaire on their uses of spatial technologies, their history of implementation, and perceived benefits and issues. The peer exchange participants focused on three major issue areas in moving spatial technology applications to the next level: managing change, data integration, and communication. Upon a thorough discussion of these issues, the peer participants identified research to address three areas of interest: temporal issues, symbology, and data and visualization models. The roles of national organizations in sharing best practices and in promoting standards and open data architectures were also discussed. This circular contains the presentations of the perspectives of the six agencies, a summary of agency responses to the questionnaire, and a summary of the major issues and research directions for the future.
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