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Article/eBook Full Name: A Method for Interpretation of Plate Load Test Results
Author(s): Reznik, YM
Edition: Volume 17, Issue 1
Publish Date: 1994
Published By: ASTM
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Interactive Mechanical Model for Shear Strength of Deep Beams (With Discussion & Closure)
Author: Tang, C. and Tan, K. | Size: 298 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: ASCE | Year: 2004 | pages: 15
The current American Concrete Institute code states that the nominal shear strength Vn of a reinforced concrete deep beam
consists of the concrete contribution Vc and shear reinforcement contribution Vs, i.e., Vn=Vc+Vs. In this paper, however, a very different
yet original approach is presented. The method is based on strut-and-tie approach, with the effect of transverse tensile stresses on concrete
compressive strength of the diagonal strut properly accounted for. Two common failure modes, namely, diagonal splitting and concrete
crushing, are examined in the paper. Premature failures such as shear tension failure (due to insufficient anchorage of main longitudinal
reinforcement) and bearing failures are not considered. The resistance to diagonal splitting is mainly provided by the main and shear
reinforcement. Additional resistance from concrete tensile strength is included in the analysis. The resistance to crushing of concrete is
contributed by the concrete compressive strength. Ultimate shear strengths of deep beams are governed by both the transverse tensile
stresses perpendicular to the diagonal strut, and the compressive stresses in the diagonal strut, resulting in an interaction between the two
failure modes. Predictions by the proposed modal are compared with experimental results and other established calculation methods.
Generally, the predictions are not only accurate and consistent in each case study, but also conservative.
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Size Effect on Shear Strength of Deep Beams: Investigating with Strut-and-Tie Model
Author: Tan, K. and Cheng, G. | Size: 583 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: ASCE | Year: 2006 | pages: 13
Since a diagonally cracked deep beam behaves as a tied arch, the conventional plane section remaining plane approach is not
applicable to analyses of deep beams. Besides, for beams without web reinforcement, it has been shown that shear strength decreases as
member size increases. This is associated with a phenomenon called size effect. In this study, the causes of size effect on shear strength
of deep beams are investigated using both the strut-and-tie model STM and finite element model. The study shows that size effect in
concrete beam arises primarily from an inappropriate adoption of the shear transfer concept for steel beams. In addition, size effect also
depends on secondary factors such as the geometry of strut, and the spacing and diameter of web reinforcement. The modified STM is
verified with three published case studies comprising a total of 36 beams. Generally, the predictions are accurate and consistent, with a
uniform safety margin for different member sizes considered.
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Single-Span Deep Beams Subjected to Unsymmetrical Loads
Author: Ning Zhang1, Kang-Hai Tan and Chee-Lai Leong | Size: 1.4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: ASCE | Year: 2009 | pages: 14
This paper investigates the effects of unsymmetrical loadings on the strength and behavior of simply supported deep beams.
An experimental program consisting of 14 specimens has been carried out. Test results including crack patterns, load-deflection responses,
steel and concrete strains, and failure loads are presented and discussed with the effects of load inequality LI and load asymmetry LA.
Conclusions are drawn on the effects of LI and LA on deep beam behavior. The ACI 318-05 strut-and-tie method is found to slightly
overestimate the beam shear capacity. The writers proposed a direct strut-and-tie method STM for predicting the failure loads of
unsymmetrically loaded deep beams. By adopting an interactive failure criterion, no preset empirical stress limit is required in the model.
A load parameter is introduced such that the proposed STM can simulate both the effects of LI and LA. It is shown that the proposed
STM is a generalized form that embodies the special cases of single-point and two-equal-point symmetric loading conditions. Besides, the
model gives promising results in predicting the possible failure modes. The STM predictions are in good agreement with test results as
well as finite-element predictions of 14 specimens.
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Direct Strut-and-Tie Model for Prestressed Deep Beams
Author: K. H. Tan, K. Tong and C. Y. Tang | Size: 169 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: ASCE | Year: 2001 | pages: 9
The strut-and-tie method is a promising analytical tool for the design of disturbed regions where
the conventional plane bending theory does not hold. These include pile caps, corbels, frame joints, deep beams,
and so forth. This paper focuses on the application of a strut-and-tie model to prestressed deep beams. A simple
and direct model is proposed, taking the prestressing effect into consideration. The model can be used for both
pre- and posttensioned deep beams. Different configurations of web reinforcement can also be properly modeled
in the proposed approach. A comparison shows that the predictions are in good agreement with experimental
results of four case studies of 39 beams.
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Bentley Systems, Incorporated, the leading company dedicated to providing comprehensive software solutions for sustaining infrastructure, announced the release of MXROAD V8i (SELECTseries 3) and the forthcoming SELECTseries 3 releases of its country-specific PowerCivil products throughout 2013. All of the products now share the powerful and unifying capabilities of Bentley’s OpenRoads technology, advancing through information modeling for multi-disciplinary roadway teams “BIM” objectives such as better design decisions, increased construction awareness, and interoperability for asset management.
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This advanced and graduate-level text and self-tutorial teaches readers to understand and to apply analytical design principles across the breadth of the engineering sciences. Emphasizing fundamentals, the book addresses the stability of key engineering elements such as rigid-body assemblage, beam-column, beam, rigid frame, thin plate, arch, ring, and shell. Each chapter contains numerous worked-out problems that clarify practical application and aid comprehension of the basics of stability theory, plus end-of-chapter review exercises. Others key features are the citing and comparison of different national building standards, use of non-dimensional parameters, and many tables with much practical data and simplified formula, that enable readers to use them in the design of structural components. First six chapters most suitable for undergraduate-level study and remaining chapters for graduate-level courses.
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This advanced and graduate-level text and self-tutorial teaches readers to understand and to apply analytical design principles across the breadth of the engineering sciences. Emphasizing fundamentals, the book addresses the stability of key engineering elements such as rigid-body assemblage, beam-column, beam, rigid frame, thin plate, arch, ring, and shell. Each chapter contains numerous worked-out problems that clarify practical application and aid comprehension of the basics of stability theory, plus end-of-chapter review exercises. Others key features are the citing and comparison of different national building standards, use of non-dimensional parameters, and many tables with much practical data and simplified formula, that enable readers to use them in the design of structural components. First six chapters most suitable for undergraduate-level study and remaining chapters for graduate-level courses.
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- Presents concepts, methods and techniques to examine symptoms of faults and failures of structures, systems and components and to monitor functional performance and structural integrity;
- Integrates knowledge of basic sciences and engineering disciplines with contributions from research institutions, academy, and industry;
- Written by a team of internationally known experts in the field;
This book presents concepts, methods and techniques to examine symptoms of faults and failures of structures, systems and components and to monitor functional performance and structural integrity. The book is organized in five parts. Part A introduces the scope and application of technical diagnostics and gives a comprehensive overview of the physics of failure. Part B presents all relevant methods and techniques for diagnostics and monitoring: from stress, strain, vibration analysis, nondestructive evaluation, thermography and industrial radiology to computed tomography and subsurface microstructural analysis. Part C cores the principles and concepts of technical failure analysis, illustrates case studies, and outlines machinery diagnostics with an emphasis on tribological systems. Part D describes the application of structural health monitoring and performance control to plants and the technical infrastructure, including buildings, bridges, pipelines, electric power stations, offshore wind structures, and railway systems. And finally, Part E is an excursion on diagnostics in arts and culture. The book integrates knowledge of basic sciences and engineering disciplines with contributions from research institutions, academe, and industry, written by internationally known experts from various parts of the world, including Europe, Canada, India, Japan, and USA.
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