This guide to the designs, technologies and materials that really make green buildings work will help architects, specifiers and clients make informed choices, based on reliable technical information.
Low Impact Building: Housing using Renewable Materials is about changing the way we build houses to reduce their ‘carbon’ footprint and to minimise environmental damage. One of the ways this can be done is by reducing the energy and environmental impact of the materials and resources used to construct buildings by choosing alternative products and systems. In particular, we need to recognise the potential for using natural and renewable construction materials as a way to reduce both carbon emissions but also build in a more benign and healthy way. This book is an account of some attempts to introduce this into mainstream house construction and the problems and obstacles that need to be overcome to gain wider acceptance of genuinely environmental construction methods.
The book explores the nature of renewable materials in depth: where do they come from, what are they made of and how do they get into the construction supply chain? The difference between artisan and self-build materials like earth and straw, and more highly processed and manufactured products such as wood fibre insulation boards is explored.
The author then gives an account of the Renewable House Programme in the UK explaining how it came about and how it was funded and managed by Government agencies. He analyses 12 case studies of projects from the Programme, setting out the design and methods of construction, buildability, environmental assessment tools used in the design, performance in terms of energy, air tightness, carbon footprint and post-occupancy issues.
The policy context of energy and sustainability in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is subjected to a critical examination to show how this affects the use of natural and renewable materials in the market for insulation and other construction materials. The debate over energy usage and embodied energy is discussed, as this is central to the reason why even many environmentally progressive people ignore the case for natural and renewable materials.
The book offers a discussion of building physics and science, considering energy performance, moisture, durability, health and similar issues. A critical evaluation of assessment, accreditation and labelling of materials and green buildings is central to this as well as a review of some of the key research in the field.
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The UK government has committed to reducing the nation’s carbon emissions by 80% by 2050. Buildings currently use almost half of the UK’s generated energy and they are now the focus of an unprecedented drive to cut energy use in our homes, offices, schools, libraries – in fact in almost every building, public or private.
Delivering Sustainable Buildings: an industry insider’s view offers peer-to-peer insights and advice from a leading practitioner in this field and brings together in one book an overview of the main issues to consider when creating energy-efficient and sustainable buildings. A resource to dip into for practical advice, which is both highly readable and also backed up by in-depth technical knowledge, giving the important points to note and common pitfalls to avoid. Based on observations of an author with hands-on experience of dealing with the various elements of the building services engineering industry, the book gives a unique insight into the particular challenges faced by designers, project managers, contractors and installers working to deliver lower carbon and sustainable building projects and operation.
There is a lot of guidance on sustainable buildings available from reputable sources including BRE, CIBSE, B&ES, ECA and BSRIA. This book is different in that it speaks directly to contractors and practitioners, with practical messages dealing with real on-site challenges, offering practical advice based on experience. Many contractors are now faced with a business choice of offering services related to issues of the energy hierarchy, minimising energy use, providing good building automation and controls and then looking further at microgeneration/renewables. Here they must decide what technologies might be suitable for their businesses, as well as considering what level of training is required before they or their employees can start to work with these technologies.
Delivering Sustainable Buildings: an industry insider’s view will help specialist contractors and facilities managers understand sustainable buildings at the strategic level (legislation, finance, training) and then to offer practical advice on various aspects of sustainable buildings (water use, energy-efficient building services, commissioning and keeping the building maintained to optimum performance) to their clients.
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Computational contact mechanics is a broad topic which brings together algorithmic, geometrical, optimization and numerical aspects for a robust, fast and accurate treatment of contact problems.
This book covers all the basic ingredients of contact and computational contact mechanics: from efficient contact detection algorithms and classical optimization methods to new developments in contact kinematics and resolution schemes for both sequential and parallel computer architectures. The book is self-contained and intended for people working on the implementation and improvement of contact algorithms in a finite element software.
Using a new tensor algebra, the authors introduce some original notions in contact kinematics and extend the classical formulation of contact elements. Some classical and new resolution methods for contact problems and associated ready-to-implement expressions are provided.
Contents:
1. Introduction to Computational Contact.
2. Geometry in Contact Mechanics.
3. Contact Detection.
4. Formulation of Contact Problems.
5. Numerical Procedures.
6. Numerical Examples.
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Explains why pipeline stress corrosion cracking happens and how it can be prevented
Pipelines sit at the heart of the global economy. When they are in good working order, they deliver fuel to meet the ever-growing demand for energy around the world. When they fail due to stress corrosion cracking, they can wreak environmental havoc.
This book skillfully explains the fundamental science and engineering of pipeline stress corrosion cracking based on the latest research findings and actual case histories. The author explains how and why pipelines fall prey to stress corrosion cracking and then offers tested and proven strategies for preventing, detecting, and monitoring it in order to prevent pipeline failure.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines begins with a brief introduction and then explores general principals of stress corrosion cracking, including two detailed case studies of pipeline failure. Next, the author covers:
Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines
High pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines
Stress corrosion cracking of pipelines in acidic soil environments
Stress corrosion cracking at pipeline welds
Stress corrosion cracking of high-strength pipeline steels
The final chapter is dedicated to effective management and mitigation of pipeline stress corrosion cracking. Throughout the book, the author develops a number of theoretical models and concepts based on advanced microscopic electrochemical measurements to help readers better understand the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking.
By examining all aspects of pipeline stress corrosion cracking—the causes, mechanisms, and management strategies—this book enables engineers to construct better pipelines and then maintain and monitor them to ensure safe, reliable energy supplies for the world.
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Author: Matthew Frederick (Architect) | Size: 2.7 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: THE MIT PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND | Year: August 2007 | pages: 213 | ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-0-262-06266-4
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Certainties for architecture students are few. The architecture curriculum is a perplexing and unruly beast, involving long hours, dense texts, and frequently obtuse instruction. If the lessons of architecture are fascinating (and they are), they are also fraught with so many exceptions and caveats that students can easily wonder if there is anything concrete to learn about architecture at all. The nebulousness of architectural instruction is largely necessary. Architecture is,
after all, a creative fi eld, and it is understandably diffi cult for instructors of design to concretize lesson plans out of fear of imposing unnecessary limits on the creative process. The resulting open-endedness provides students a ride down many fascinating new avenues, but often with a feeling that architecture is built on quicksand rather than on solid earth.
This book aims to fi rm up the foundation of the architecture studio by providing rallying points upon which the design process may thrive. The following lessons in design, drawing, creative process, and presentation fi rst came to me as barely
discernible glimmers through the fog of my own education. But in the years I have spent since as a practitioner and educator, they have become surely brighter and clearer. And the questions they address have remained the central questions of
architectural education: my own students show me again and again that the questions and confusions of architecture school are near universal.
I invite you to leave this book open on the desktop as you work in the studio, to keep in your coat pocket to read on public transit, and to peruse randomly when in need of a jump-start in solving an architectural design problem. Whatever you do with the lessons that follow, be that grateful I am not around to point out the innumerable exceptions and caveats to each of them
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Understanding the rheological properties of fresh concrete, the hydration phenomenon of cement responsible for structuration, the relationship between the characteristics of the porous solid obtained and its mechanical performances or resistance to the aggressive penetration requires a complex knowledge of the physicochemistry of reactive porous materials. The development of simple formulation rules therefore requires the assimilation of this knowledge and a good command of the properties of these materials.
The purpose of this book is to provide the mix designer with useful knowledge on granular materials and porous materials, which will enable the innovative design of concrete. Topics covered include the characterization of granular materials, the concepts of porosity and specific surface area, and the transport properties (diffusion and permeation) of concrete. Some of these topics are already covered in other general books dedicated to granular or porous materials. The objective here is to bring them together in one book by adapting them for use by concrete specialists.
Applications in the form of exercises are offered at the end of each chapter to enable readers to assimilate the theoretical knowledge and to apply such knowledge to concrete problems encountered in civil engineering.
Contents
1. Description of Granular Materials, Definitions.
2. Granulometry.
3. Specific Surface Area of Materials.
4. Voids in Granular Materials and the Arrangement of Grains.
5. Voids in Concrete.
6. The Fundamentals of Diffusion.
7. Permeability.
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Performance Based Building Design 2: From Timber-Framed Construction to Partition Walls
Author: Hugo S. L. C. Hens | Size: 4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Willey- Blackwell | Year: 2012 | pages: 283 | ISBN: 9783433030233
Just like building physics, performance based building design was hardly an issue before the energy crises of the 1970ies. With the need to upgrade energy efficiency, the interest in overall building performance grew.
This work published in two volumes, applies the performance rationale, advanced in applied building physics, to the design and construction of buildings. In continuation of Vol. 1 this volume discusses light-weight construction with wooden and metal elements, roofing systems, fa?es, and ends with finishes and the overall risk analysis. Most chapters build on a same scheme: overview, overall performance evaluation, design and construction.
This fourth book, after Building Physics and Applied Building Physics, is the result of 38 years of teaching architectural, building and civil engineers, coupled to more than 40 years of experience in research and consultancy. Where and when needed, input and literature from over the world was used, reason why each chapter ends listing references and literature.
The book should be usable by undergraduates and graduates in architectural and building engineering, though also building engineers, who want to refresh their knowledge, may benefit. The level of discussion assumes the reader has a sound knowledge of building physics, along with a background in structural engineering, building materials and building construction.
Content:
Chapter 1 Timber?Framed Construction (pages 7–30):
Chapter 2 Sheet?Metal Outer Wall Systems (pages 31–37):
Chapter 3 New Developments (pages 39–44):
Chapter 4 Roofs: Requirements (pages 45–49):
Chapter 5 Low?Sloped Roofs (pages 51–95):
Chapter 6 Pitched Roofs (pages 97–152):
Chapter 7 Sheet?Metal Roofs (pages 153–172):
Chapter 8 Windows, Outer Doors and Glass Facades (pages 173–229):
Chapter 9 Balconies, Shafts, Chimneys and Stairs (pages 231–244):
Chapter 10 Partitions; Wall, Floor and Ceiling Finishes; Inside Carpentry (pages 245–263):
Chapter 11 Risk Analysis (pages 265–275):
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Just like building physics, performance based building design was hardly an issue before the energy crises of the 1970s. With the need to upgrade energy efficiency, the interest in overall building performance grew. As the first of two volumes, this book applies the performance rationale, advanced in applied building physics, to the design and construction of buildings. After an overview of materials for thermal insulation, water proofing, air tightening and vapour tightening and a discussion on joints, building construction is analysed, starting with the excavations. Then foundations, below and on grade constructions, typical load bearing systems and floors pass the review to end with massive outer walls insulated at the inside and the outside and cavity walls. Most chapters build on a same scheme: overview, overall performance evaluation, design and construction.
This third book, after Building Physics and Applied Building Physics, is the result of 38 years of teaching architectural, building and civil engineers, coupled to more than 40 years of experience in research and consultancy. Where and when needed, input and literature from over the world was used, reason why each chapter ends listing references and literature.
The book should be usable by undergraduates and graduates in architectural and building engineering, though also building engineers, who want to refresh their knowledge, may benefit. The level of discussion assumes the reader has a sound knowledge of building physics, along with a background in structural engineering, building materials and building construction.
Content:
Chapter 0 Introduction (pages 1–5):
Chapter 1 Performances (pages 7–12):
Chapter 2 Materials (pages 13–53):
Chapter 3 Excavations and Building Pit (pages 55–56):
Chapter 4 Foundations (pages 57–68):
Chapter 5 Building Parts on and below Grade (pages 69–110):
Chapter 6 Structural Options (pages 111–121):
Chapter 7 Floors (pages 123–148):
Chapter 8 Outer Wall Requirements (pages 149–155):
Chapter 9 Massive Outer Walls (pages 157–214):
Chapter 10 Cavity Walls (pages 215–253):
Chapter 11 Panelized Massive Outer Walls (pages 255–262):
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It is clear that the majority of urban centers is composed of old buildings, designed according to the concepts and rules inadequate to seismic context. How to assess the vulnerability of existing buildings is an essential step to improve the management of seismic risk and its prevention policy. After some key reminders, this book describes seismic vulnerability methods applied to a large number of structures (buildings and bridges) in moderate (France, Switzerland) and strong seismic prone regions (Italy, Greece).
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Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective
Author: Charles R. Farrar, Keith Worden | Size: 9.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Wiley | Year: 2013 | pages: 654 | ISBN: 1119994330
Written by global leaders and pioneers in the field, this book is a must-have read for researchers, practicing engineers and university faculty working in SHM.
Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective is the first comprehensive book on the general problem of structural health monitoring. The authors, renowned experts in the field, consider structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm, first explaining the paradigm in general terms then explaining the process in detail with further insight provided via numerical and experimental studies of laboratory test specimens and in-situ structures. This paradigm provides a comprehensive framework for developing SHM solutions.
Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective makes extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of the technical literature, the experience they have gained from teaching numerous courses on this subject, and the results of performing numerous analytical and experimental structural health monitoring studies.
Considers structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm
Emphasises an integrated approach to the development of structural health monitoring solutions by coupling the measurement hardware portion of the problem directly with the data interrogation algorithms
Benefits from extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of 800 papers in the technical literature and the experience they have gained from teaching numerous short courses on this subject.
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