Explains why pipeline stress corrosion cracking happens and how it can be prevented
Pipelines sit at the heart of the global economy. When they are in good working order, they deliver fuel to meet the ever-growing demand for energy around the world. When they fail due to stress corrosion cracking, they can wreak environmental havoc.
This book skillfully explains the fundamental science and engineering of pipeline stress corrosion cracking based on the latest research findings and actual case histories. The author explains how and why pipelines fall prey to stress corrosion cracking and then offers tested and proven strategies for preventing, detecting, and monitoring it in order to prevent pipeline failure.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines begins with a brief introduction and then explores general principals of stress corrosion cracking, including two detailed case studies of pipeline failure. Next, the author covers:
Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines
High pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines
Stress corrosion cracking of pipelines in acidic soil environments
Stress corrosion cracking at pipeline welds
Stress corrosion cracking of high-strength pipeline steels
The final chapter is dedicated to effective management and mitigation of pipeline stress corrosion cracking. Throughout the book, the author develops a number of theoretical models and concepts based on advanced microscopic electrochemical measurements to help readers better understand the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking.
By examining all aspects of pipeline stress corrosion cracking—the causes, mechanisms, and management strategies—this book enables engineers to construct better pipelines and then maintain and monitor them to ensure safe, reliable energy supplies for the world.
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Author: Matthew Frederick (Architect) | Size: 2.7 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: THE MIT PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND | Year: August 2007 | pages: 213 | ISBN: ISBN-13: 978-0-262-06266-4
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Certainties for architecture students are few. The architecture curriculum is a perplexing and unruly beast, involving long hours, dense texts, and frequently obtuse instruction. If the lessons of architecture are fascinating (and they are), they are also fraught with so many exceptions and caveats that students can easily wonder if there is anything concrete to learn about architecture at all. The nebulousness of architectural instruction is largely necessary. Architecture is,
after all, a creative fi eld, and it is understandably diffi cult for instructors of design to concretize lesson plans out of fear of imposing unnecessary limits on the creative process. The resulting open-endedness provides students a ride down many fascinating new avenues, but often with a feeling that architecture is built on quicksand rather than on solid earth.
This book aims to fi rm up the foundation of the architecture studio by providing rallying points upon which the design process may thrive. The following lessons in design, drawing, creative process, and presentation fi rst came to me as barely
discernible glimmers through the fog of my own education. But in the years I have spent since as a practitioner and educator, they have become surely brighter and clearer. And the questions they address have remained the central questions of
architectural education: my own students show me again and again that the questions and confusions of architecture school are near universal.
I invite you to leave this book open on the desktop as you work in the studio, to keep in your coat pocket to read on public transit, and to peruse randomly when in need of a jump-start in solving an architectural design problem. Whatever you do with the lessons that follow, be that grateful I am not around to point out the innumerable exceptions and caveats to each of them
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Understanding the rheological properties of fresh concrete, the hydration phenomenon of cement responsible for structuration, the relationship between the characteristics of the porous solid obtained and its mechanical performances or resistance to the aggressive penetration requires a complex knowledge of the physicochemistry of reactive porous materials. The development of simple formulation rules therefore requires the assimilation of this knowledge and a good command of the properties of these materials.
The purpose of this book is to provide the mix designer with useful knowledge on granular materials and porous materials, which will enable the innovative design of concrete. Topics covered include the characterization of granular materials, the concepts of porosity and specific surface area, and the transport properties (diffusion and permeation) of concrete. Some of these topics are already covered in other general books dedicated to granular or porous materials. The objective here is to bring them together in one book by adapting them for use by concrete specialists.
Applications in the form of exercises are offered at the end of each chapter to enable readers to assimilate the theoretical knowledge and to apply such knowledge to concrete problems encountered in civil engineering.
Contents
1. Description of Granular Materials, Definitions.
2. Granulometry.
3. Specific Surface Area of Materials.
4. Voids in Granular Materials and the Arrangement of Grains.
5. Voids in Concrete.
6. The Fundamentals of Diffusion.
7. Permeability.
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Performance Based Building Design 2: From Timber-Framed Construction to Partition Walls
Author: Hugo S. L. C. Hens | Size: 4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Willey- Blackwell | Year: 2012 | pages: 283 | ISBN: 9783433030233
Just like building physics, performance based building design was hardly an issue before the energy crises of the 1970ies. With the need to upgrade energy efficiency, the interest in overall building performance grew.
This work published in two volumes, applies the performance rationale, advanced in applied building physics, to the design and construction of buildings. In continuation of Vol. 1 this volume discusses light-weight construction with wooden and metal elements, roofing systems, fa?es, and ends with finishes and the overall risk analysis. Most chapters build on a same scheme: overview, overall performance evaluation, design and construction.
This fourth book, after Building Physics and Applied Building Physics, is the result of 38 years of teaching architectural, building and civil engineers, coupled to more than 40 years of experience in research and consultancy. Where and when needed, input and literature from over the world was used, reason why each chapter ends listing references and literature.
The book should be usable by undergraduates and graduates in architectural and building engineering, though also building engineers, who want to refresh their knowledge, may benefit. The level of discussion assumes the reader has a sound knowledge of building physics, along with a background in structural engineering, building materials and building construction.
Content:
Chapter 1 Timber?Framed Construction (pages 7–30):
Chapter 2 Sheet?Metal Outer Wall Systems (pages 31–37):
Chapter 3 New Developments (pages 39–44):
Chapter 4 Roofs: Requirements (pages 45–49):
Chapter 5 Low?Sloped Roofs (pages 51–95):
Chapter 6 Pitched Roofs (pages 97–152):
Chapter 7 Sheet?Metal Roofs (pages 153–172):
Chapter 8 Windows, Outer Doors and Glass Facades (pages 173–229):
Chapter 9 Balconies, Shafts, Chimneys and Stairs (pages 231–244):
Chapter 10 Partitions; Wall, Floor and Ceiling Finishes; Inside Carpentry (pages 245–263):
Chapter 11 Risk Analysis (pages 265–275):
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Just like building physics, performance based building design was hardly an issue before the energy crises of the 1970s. With the need to upgrade energy efficiency, the interest in overall building performance grew. As the first of two volumes, this book applies the performance rationale, advanced in applied building physics, to the design and construction of buildings. After an overview of materials for thermal insulation, water proofing, air tightening and vapour tightening and a discussion on joints, building construction is analysed, starting with the excavations. Then foundations, below and on grade constructions, typical load bearing systems and floors pass the review to end with massive outer walls insulated at the inside and the outside and cavity walls. Most chapters build on a same scheme: overview, overall performance evaluation, design and construction.
This third book, after Building Physics and Applied Building Physics, is the result of 38 years of teaching architectural, building and civil engineers, coupled to more than 40 years of experience in research and consultancy. Where and when needed, input and literature from over the world was used, reason why each chapter ends listing references and literature.
The book should be usable by undergraduates and graduates in architectural and building engineering, though also building engineers, who want to refresh their knowledge, may benefit. The level of discussion assumes the reader has a sound knowledge of building physics, along with a background in structural engineering, building materials and building construction.
Content:
Chapter 0 Introduction (pages 1–5):
Chapter 1 Performances (pages 7–12):
Chapter 2 Materials (pages 13–53):
Chapter 3 Excavations and Building Pit (pages 55–56):
Chapter 4 Foundations (pages 57–68):
Chapter 5 Building Parts on and below Grade (pages 69–110):
Chapter 6 Structural Options (pages 111–121):
Chapter 7 Floors (pages 123–148):
Chapter 8 Outer Wall Requirements (pages 149–155):
Chapter 9 Massive Outer Walls (pages 157–214):
Chapter 10 Cavity Walls (pages 215–253):
Chapter 11 Panelized Massive Outer Walls (pages 255–262):
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It is clear that the majority of urban centers is composed of old buildings, designed according to the concepts and rules inadequate to seismic context. How to assess the vulnerability of existing buildings is an essential step to improve the management of seismic risk and its prevention policy. After some key reminders, this book describes seismic vulnerability methods applied to a large number of structures (buildings and bridges) in moderate (France, Switzerland) and strong seismic prone regions (Italy, Greece).
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Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective
Author: Charles R. Farrar, Keith Worden | Size: 9.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Wiley | Year: 2013 | pages: 654 | ISBN: 1119994330
Written by global leaders and pioneers in the field, this book is a must-have read for researchers, practicing engineers and university faculty working in SHM.
Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective is the first comprehensive book on the general problem of structural health monitoring. The authors, renowned experts in the field, consider structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm, first explaining the paradigm in general terms then explaining the process in detail with further insight provided via numerical and experimental studies of laboratory test specimens and in-situ structures. This paradigm provides a comprehensive framework for developing SHM solutions.
Structural Health Monitoring: A Machine Learning Perspective makes extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of the technical literature, the experience they have gained from teaching numerous courses on this subject, and the results of performing numerous analytical and experimental structural health monitoring studies.
Considers structural health monitoring in a new manner by casting the problem in the context of a machine learning/statistical pattern recognition paradigm
Emphasises an integrated approach to the development of structural health monitoring solutions by coupling the measurement hardware portion of the problem directly with the data interrogation algorithms
Benefits from extensive use of the authors’ detailed surveys of 800 papers in the technical literature and the experience they have gained from teaching numerous short courses on this subject.
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This book describes the basics and developments of the new XFEM approach to fracture analysis of composite structures and materials. It provides state of the art techniques and algorithms for fracture analysis of structures including numeric examples at the end of each chapter as well as an accompanying website which will include MATLAB resources, executables, data files, and simulation procedures of XFEM.
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Pressure on space and changes in planning law mean that loft conversions are now at the forefront in the race to improve the performance of Britain's ageing housing stock. Since 1990, roof space conversions have increased UK housing capacity by more than 200 million square feet - a living area equivalent to a medium-sized city - without the loss of a single square foot of greenfield land.
Loft Conversions is the definitive technical guide to the conversion of roof spaces in single family dwellings. It brings together a wealth of practical and regulatory guidance in a form that is easy to read and comprehensively illustrated.
This fully revised and updated second edition is intended primarily for architects, builders, surveyors and others professionally involved in the process of loft conversion. The insights it provides are also invaluable to self-builders and to householders wishing to achieve a deeper understanding of what a loft conversion involves.
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This book contains the proceedings of the international workshop “Designing and Building with Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC): State of the Art and Development”, organized by AFGC, the French Association for Civil Engineering and French branch of fib, in Marseille (France), November 17-18, 2009. This workshop was focused on the experience of a lot of recent UHPFRC realizations.
Through more than 50 papers, this book details the experience of many countries in UHPFRC construction and design, including projects from Japan, Germany, Australia, Austria, USA, Denmark, the Netherlands, Canada… and France. The projects are categorized as novel architectural solutions, new frontiers for bridges, new equipments and structural components, and extending the service life of structures. The last part presents major research results, durability and sustainability aspects, and the updated AFGC Recommendations on UHPFRC.
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