info:
Intended as a pre-scheme design handbook, this publication will help designers choose the most viable concrete
Options quickly and easily
Ove Arup & Partners
Arup Research & Development
August 1998
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This handbook was published in March 2006 by the Federation of Piling Specialists (FPS) to provide guidance on the principles and practical issues that relate to load testing of bearing piles, and thereby to assist informed decisions about testing requirements on construction projects involving piled foundations.
The FPS anticipates that this handbook will be of particular interest to civil or structural engineers with little or no experience of piling who find themselves in the position of specifying load testing requirements on a project involving piled foundations. The target audience for this publication also includes main contractors, management contractors and young piling engineers. Pile load testing provides an opportunity for continuous improvement in foundation design and construction practices, while at the same time fulfilling its traditional role of design validation and routine quality control of the piling works. In order to achieve this improvement, data from pile tests has to be collected and analysed to enable the piling industry, both individually and collectively, to make the best use of resources. To justify its cost to the industry, pile testing must have a value. The magnitude of this value will be increased through a better understanding of the process and its benefits.
In this handbook the Federation of Piling Specialists aims to provide guidance on issues that should be considered to enable better planning, specification and execution of pile tests, thereby increasing the value of the testing process
Federation of Piling Specialists
March 2006
28 pages
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200 Questions and Answers on Practical Civil Engineering Works
info:
This book is intended primarily to arouse the interests of graduate engineers, assistant
engineers and engineers in the technical aspect of civil engineering works. The content of
the book mainly focuses on providing the reasons of adoption of the various current
practices of civil engineering. By understanding the underlying principles of engineering
practices, graduate engineers/assistant engineers/engineers may develop an interest in civil
engineering works. It is also intended that the book will serve as a useful source of
reference for practicing engineers.
Some of these questions are selected from the book and published in the column “The Civil
FAQ” in the monthly journal The Hong Kong Engineer under the Hong Kong Institution of
Engineer. Other than this book, I have written another book called “Civil Engineering
Practical Notes A-Z” which contains similar format and targets to provide quick and
concise answers to frequently asked questions raised by engineers during their day-to-day
work.
Vincent T. H. CHU
July 2005
84 pages
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A DESIGN GUIDE FOR FOOTFALL INDUCED VIBRATION OF STRUCTURES
info:
Whilst footfall induced vibrations on buildings or bridges is not normally significant in terms of structural integrity, footfall vibration can be a critical serviceability condition.
This publication presents a new method for evaluating the vibration due to a single pedestrian walking on a flat surface, such as a floor slab or bridge deck. The method was developed by Arup, and has been calibrated and refined with verification measurements taken on completed structures over a period of ten years.
This guide describes a reliable methodology for predicting the vertical vibration induced
by pedestrians crossing structures such as floors and bridges.
Many methods already exist but each of these is significantly limited in some respect.
A full discussion of these limitations can be found elsewhere.
The method presented here addresses all of the issues described below in a consistent
manner:
It is applicable to any type of structure on which people walk, including floors and bridges.
It is applicable to structures of any form or construction material, e.g. steel, composite,
reinforced or pre-stressed concrete or timber structures, and enables reliable
comparisons to be made between designs of different forms and materials.
Complex irregular structures can be assessed as reliably as simple regular ones.
The footfall forcing functions recommended are based on a very extensive set of
measured data, and these loads and the likelihood of their occurrence have been
statistically quantified.
The methodology has been extensively validated and independently peer reviewed.
The method has been used routinely and regularly on design projects around the world
for the past five years, and its accuracy is validated by many measurements of
completed structures.
It interfaces well with modern engineering design methods and software packages.
The method described in this guide is based on the well-established principles of modal
analysis. This enables first principles calculations to be made, and unlike most other methods,
it does not require the introduction of arbitrary or empirical factors. This makes it a robust
approach for the assessment of any type of structure of any construction material.
The method is appropriate for calculating the vibration caused by a single pedestrian
walking on a flat surface on any structure which is significantly heavier (by at least a factor
of 10) than the individual. Whilst very simple regular structures can be assessed entirely by
hand or spreadsheet calculation, it is envisaged that the method will be used principally
in conjunction with finite element analysis as a means of estimating the modal properties
of floor and bridge structures. Whilst this might be seen as an added complexity, in practice
the additional accuracy that finite element analysis of less regular structures brings to the
assessment more than outweighs the modest additional effort associated with building
and analysing a model.
The method was developed within Arup and refined by reference to the measured performance
of completed structures over a period of ten years. It has been independently reviewed by Professor T A Wyatt of Imperial College London.
M R Willford CEng MIMechE
P Young CEng MIMechE
ISBN 1-904482-29-5
Published 2007
Publisher The Concrete Centre
82 Pages
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Posted by: gboyega - 08-25-2009, 07:48 AM - Forum: Concrete
- No Replies
HOW TO DESIGN CONCRETE BUILDINGS TO SATISFY DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE REQUIREMENTS
info:
The collapse of Ronan Point in 1968 was a seminal
event and resulted in fundamental changes to the
design philosophy of building structures in the UK.
The disaster highlighted the need for specific
consideration of the stability of structures that have
been damaged by accidents such as a gas explosion.
It was considered that, while localised damage was
unavoidable, complete collapse of structures had to
be prevented. Thus, the concept of disproportionate
collapse was born and structures had to be designed
in such a way that they would not be damaged to
an extent disproportionate to the initial effect of
the accident.
Thus in 1976 the Building Regulations1 were
amended. Buildings of five storeys or more had
to satisfy special additional requirements, which
were aimed at providing increased robustness.
More recently (2004) the Building Regulations
for England and Wales2 were amended again
to bring all buildings within the scope of the
disproportionate collapse requirements.
Approved Document A3 (AD A) is published by the
department for Communities and Local Government
(CLG) and provides more detailed guidance on
the interpretation of the Building Regulations.
This guide sets out the requirements of the AD A as
they relate to buildings constructed with concrete,
and includes some practical details to show how
to comply with the requirements. Where there is
existing, easily accessible guidance this has been
referenced rather than being repeated here.
In principle the requirements for Scotland are similar;
however, there are some variations and these
differences are also explained within this guide
O Brooker BEng, CEng, MICE, MIStructE
The concrete center
8 pages
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Posted by: gboyega - 08-25-2009, 07:21 AM - Forum: Concrete
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Design and Construction using insulating Concrete Formwork
Alan Tovey, Prof. John Roberts, Michael Kilcommons
ISBN 1-904482-31-7
The Concrete Centre
2007
104p
info:
Insulating concrete formwork (ICF) is an innovative modern method of construction, which
combines the inherent strength of concrete with the excellent thermal insulation properties
of polystyrene to produce cost-effective and durable structures. The polystyrene is used
as permanent formwork for the concrete and is available as either expanded or extruded
polystyrene, in a variety of configurations and a number of proprietary systems. The basic
structure is typically erected by a team of three or four site operatives and fi lled by pumping
a very workable concrete in storey-height lifts. In addition to providing a strong structure,
the concrete provides excellent sound insulation, fi re resistance and the ability for thermal
capacity. Designers appreciate the basic elegance and simplicity of ICF systems and have
been quick to employ them for a variety of applications. The purpose of this guide is to
provide designers and contractors with a thorough understanding of Insulating Concrete
Formwork.
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How to Design Concrete Structures using Eurocode 2
info:
The introduction of European standards to UK construction is a signifi cant event. The ten design standards, known
as the Eurocodes, will affect all design and construction activities as current British Standards for design are due
to be withdrawn in 2010 at the latest. BS 8110, however, has an earlier withdrawal date of March 2008. The aim
of this publication is to make the transition to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures as easy as possible by
drawing together in one place key information and commentary required for the design and detailing of typical
concrete elements.
The cement and concrete industry recognised that a substantial effort was required to ensure that the UK design
profession would be able to use Eurocode 2 quickly, effectively, effi ciently and with confi dence. With support
from government, consultants and relevant industry bodies, the Concrete Industry Eurocode 2 Group (CIEG)
was formed in 1999 and this Group has provided the guidance for a co-ordinated and collaborative approach to
the introduction of Eurocode 2. Part of the output of the CIEG project was the technical content for 7 of the 11
chapters in this publication. The remaining chapters have been developed by The Concrete Centre.
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Traditional concrete designs for office building have been associated with either beam and slab or flat slab floors, typically with 6 to 7.5 m spans. Occasionally, longer-span floors have been designed using ribbed or waffle construction. In recent times, changes in the requirements of end-users and in developers’ specifications have led to more open-plan offices and larger floors. This has increased spans from 6 to 9 m, even to 15 m and more.
To verify the competitiveness of concrete long-span floors, a survey has been conducted of concrete-framed office buildings, the majority constructed in recent years. Forty buildings of in situ, precast and composite construction with long spans have been surveyed. In each category, examples were found of floors designed in reinforced and prestressed concrete to carry similar office
floor loadings.
For in situ structures, solid flat slabs and ribbed slab designs were common, with spans varying from 6 to 15 m. A number of precast structures with long spans, some over 20 m, are reported, with composite in situ slabs acting with precast ribs or other precast members.
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Published By:
PLUMBING-HEATING-COOLING-CONTRACTORS-NATIONAL ASSOCIATION
Title: -
National Standard Plumbing Code Illustrated 2006
Scope: -
The development of a recommended code of plumbing practice, design, and installation, including the establishment of performance criteria predicated on the need for protection of health and safety through proper design, installation, and maintenance of plumbing systems. This scope excludes the development of specific standards related to the composition, dimensions, and/or mechanical and physical properties of materials, fixtures, devices, and equipment used or installed in plumbing systems.
Purpose:
To provide practices and performance criteria for theprotection ofhealth and safety through proper design of plumbing systems.
Exceptions:
In case ofpractical difficulty, unnecessary hardship orncw developments, exceptions to the literal requirements may be granted by the authority having jurisdiction to permit the use of other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that equivalent protection is thereby secured.
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This publication is based on design to Eurocode 2 and updates the original pre-scheme sizing
handbook Economic Concrete Frame Elements which was based on BS 8110 and published in 1997.
Eurocode 2 brings economies over BS 8110 in some areas – up to 10% has been reported. While
sizes of frame elements to BS 8110 would generally be safe, they would be sometimes unduly
conservative and uneconomic in increasingly competitive markets. In addition, current British
Standards for structural design are due to be withdrawn by 2010, with BS 8110 Structural use
of concrete being made obsolete in 2008. Thus this new edition of Economic concrete frame
elements has been produced by The Concrete Centre.
The new charts and data have been derived from design spreadsheets that carry out design
to Eurocode 2 and, as appropriate, other Eurocodes, European and British Standards. The
methodology behind the charts and data is fully explained and is, essentially, the same as that
used for the previous version of this publication. However, the following should be noted:
• For continuous members, sizes are derived from analysis which, in the case of in-situ beams,
includes the frame action of small columns.
• A new method for determining the sizes of perimeter columns is introduced. This takes
account of both axial load and moment.
• Generally, in line with BS EN 1990 and its National Annex, loading is based on 1.25Gk +
1.5Qk for residential and offi ce areas and 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk for storage areas.
• Much of the economy over the charts and data for BS 8110 comes from the treatment of
loads and defl ection by the Eurocodes – please refer to Defl ection in Section 7.1.2.
• Ribbed slabs are an exception. Compared with BS 8110 greater depths are required.
Readers are advised to be conservative with their choices until such time as they become familiar
with this publication and the workings of Eurocode 2.
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