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Value Engineering (Cost Engineering, 30)
CRC
2003-05-14
ISBN: 082470696X
350 pages
PDF 7.85 mb
This invaluable reference teaches effective and practical techniques to improve the overall performance and outcome of design projects in various industries. Value Engineering highlights the application of value methodology to streamline current day operations, strategic planning in company or business segments, and everyday business decisions in the private sector
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Advanced Mechanics of Materials
Arthur P. Boresi Richard J. Schmidt Omar M. Sidebottom,
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Number Of Pages: 832
1993-01
ISBN: 0471551570
PDF 77 Mb
Updated and reorganized, each of the topics is thoroughly developed from fundamental principles. The assumptions, applicability and limitations of the methods are cleary discussed. Includes such advanced subjects as plasticity, creep, fracture, mechanics, flat plates, high cycle fatigue, contact stresses and finite elements. Due to the widespread use of the metric system, SI units are used throughout. Contains a generous selection of illustrative examples and problems.
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Statics and Mechanics of Materials SI
Russell C. Hibbeler,
Prentice Hall Singapore
2004-07-28
ISBN: 0131290118
789 pages
PDF 50.5 MB
For introductory dynamics courses found in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, aeronautical engineering, and engineering mechanics departments. This best-selling text offers a concise and thorough presentation of engineering mechanics theory and application. The material is reinforced with numerous examples to illustrate principles and imaginative, well-illustrated problems of varying degrees of difficulty. The text is committed to developing students' problem-solving skills and includes pedagogical features that have made Hibbeler synonymous with excellence in the field. The Tenth edition features new "Photorealistic" figures. Approximately 400 key figures have been rendered in often 3D photo quality detail to appeal to visual learners. The new edition also features an improved free Student Study Pack that now provides chapter-by-chapter study materials as well as a tutorial on free body diagrams. Professor supplements include an improved IRCD with 600+ Statics and Dynamics PowerPoint lecture slides, additional PowerPoint slides of every example and figure, tutorial animations, and pdf files of solutions and figures. The new edition also features PHGradeAssist - Prentice Hall's on-line algorithmic homework system. New for 2005 - This text now features a complete OneKey course with editable homework, solutions, animations, and Active Book, and PHGA.
A comprehensive and well-illustrated introduction to theory and application of statics and mechanics of materials. The text presents a commitment to the development of student problem-solving skills and features many pedagogical aids unique to Hibbeler texts.
This SI Edition is based of Hibbeler Statics and Mechanics of Materials 2e US edition, where all examples, exercises and solutions have been adapted into SI units, wherever US customary units were used.
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If you use the Etabs or Sap2000 to design concrete columns, take this tip:
The Etabs and Sap2000 design the elements "columns" according to the ACI-318, however their don't check the next:
If the ultimate axial load (phi*Pn) < (0.10*fc'*Ag) , you should to design the element like a element in flexion (in both directions) without to considerer the axial load, I mean, you should design it like a beam.
where:
phi = strength reduction factor
Pn = nominal axial load strenght
fc' = compresive strength of concrete
Ag = gross area of section
This check is comun in the columns of the last story or with roof light.
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Autodesk (formerly Discreet) brings out a much-welcomed new version of its flagship animation system for desktops, 3ds Max 8. While the news of Autodesk acquiring Alias (and its Maya) has a lot of heads spinning with anticipation of some possible 3D super-product, for now we'll focus on the newest features in one of the most powerful and respected 3D programs out there. Max is used for broadcast animation, 3D film and video work, and is the development platform for countless games, both for current and next-gen consoles.
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AutoCAD Architecture provides the best AutoCAD-based design and documentation productivity for architects. The software gives you more tools that automate tedious drafting tasks, enabling you to create your architectural documentation faster.
This is better for architects. Efficient creation of construction documents is enhanced through easy-to-use features for architectural drafting and design.
Thanks everybody
regards
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FEMA 451 - NEHRP RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS for SEISMIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
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NEHRP RECOMMENDED PROVISIONS for SEISMIC DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
This post is a 120 slides from Power Point presentation of FEMA 451
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Statistics of SDF System Estimate of Roof Displacement for Pushover Analysis of Buildings
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by:
Anil K. Chopra, University of California - Berkeley
Rakesh K. Goel, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo
Chatpan Chintanapakdee, University of California - Berkeley
Investigated in this report is the basic premise that the roof displacement of a multistory building can be determined from the deformation of an SDF system. For this purpose, the response of both systems is determined rigorously by nonlinear response history analysis, without introducing any of the approximations underlying the simplified methods for estimating the deformation of an SDF system (see, e.g., FEMA-273 or ATC-40 guidelines). The statistics of the SDF-system estimate of roof displacement are presented for a variety of building frames and six SAC buildings subjected to ground motion ensembles.
Two sets of structural systems and ground motions are considered. The first set is generic one-bay frames of six different heights: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 stories designed for ductility factor μ= 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 6 subjected to 20 large-magnitude, small-distance records. The second set is six “SAC” buildings—9- and 20-story model buildings designed according to Los Angeles, Seattle, and Boston codes—subjected to 20 ground motion records representing 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years.
Presented are the statistics of two roof-displacement, ur, ratios, (ur*)SDF = (ur)SDF ÷ (ur)NL-RHA and (ur*)MPA =(ur)MPA ÷ (ur)NL-RHA, where the subscripts NLRHA, MPA, and SDF denote the exact peak value determined by nonlinear RHA, approximate value from modal pushover analyses (MPA), and the SDF-system estimate. The data presented include histograms of the 20 values, range of values, median value, and dispersion measure.
These data for generic frames indicate that the first-“mode” SDF system overestimates the median roof displacement for systems subjected to large ductility demand μ, but underestimates for small μ, The bias and dispersion tend to increase for longer-period systems for every value of μ. Similar data for SAC buildings demonstrate that the bias and dispersion on the SDF estimate of roof displacement increases when P-delta effects (due to gravity loads) are included. The SDF estimate of roof displacement due to individual ground motions can be alarmingly small (as low as 0.312 to 0.817 of the “exact” value for the six SAC buildings) or surprisingly large (as large as 1.45 to 2.15 of the “exact” value for Seattle and Los Angeles buildings), especially when P-delta effects are included. The situation is worse than indicated by these data because they do not include several cases where the first-“mode” SDF system collapsed but the building as a whole did not. This large discrepancy arises because for individual ground motions the SDF system may underestimate or overestimate the yielding-induced permanent drift in the “exact” response determined by nonlinear RHA.
While this discrepancy is not improved significantly by including higher “mode” contributions, the MPA procedure has the advantage of reducing the dispersion in the roof displacement and the underestimation of the median roof displacement for elastic or nearly elastic cases at the expense of increasing slightly the overestimate of roof displacement of buildings responding far into the inelastic range.
A Modal Pushover Analysis Procedure to Estimate Seismic Demands for Buldings
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by:
Anil K. Chopra, University of California - Berkeley
Rakesh K. Goel, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo
The principal objective of this investigation is to develop a pushover analysis procedure based on structural dynamics theory, which retains the conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness of current procedures with invariant force distribution, but provides superior accuracy in estimating seismic demands on buildings.
The standard response spectrum analysis (RSA) for elastic buildings is reformulated as a Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA). The peak response of the elastic structure due to its nth vibration mode can be exactly determined by pushover analysis of the structure subjected to lateral forces distributed over the height of the building according to s*n = mφn, where m is the mass matrix and φn its nth-mode, and the structure is pushed to the roof displacement determined from the peak deformation Dn of the nth-mode elastic SDF system. Combining these peak modal responses by modal combination rule leads to the MPA procedure.
The MPA procedure is extended to estimate the seismic demands for inelastic systems: First, a pushover analysis determines the peak response rno of the inelastic MDF system to individual modal terms, peff,n(t) = −snüg (t) , in the modal expansion of the effective earthquake forces, peff,n (t) = −mιüg (t) . The base shear-roof displacement (Vbn −um ) curve is developed from a pushover analysis for force distributions*n. This pushover curve is idealized as bilinear and converted to the force-deformation relation for the nth-“mode” inelastic SDF system. The peak deformation of this SDF system is used to determine the roof displacement, at which the seismic response, rno , is determined by pushover analysis. Second, the total demand, ro , is determined by combining the rno (n= 1, 2,…) according to an appropriate modal combination rule.
Comparing the peak inelastic response of a 9-story SAC building determined by the approximate MPA procedure with rigorous nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) demonstrates that the approximate procedure provides good estimates of floor displacements and story drifts, and identifies locations of most plastic hinges; plastic hinge rotations are less accurate. The results presented for El Centro ground motion scaled by factors varying from 0.25 to 3.0, show that MPA estimates the response of buildings responding well into the inelastic range to a similar degree of accuracy when compared to standard RSA for estimating peak response of elastic systems. Thus the MPA procedure is accurate enough for practical application in building evaluation and design.
Comparing the earthquake-induced demands for the selected 9-story building determined by pushover analysis using three force distributions in FEMA-273, MPA, and nonlinear RHA, it is demonstrated that the FEMA force distributions greatly underestimate the story drift demands, and the MPA procedure is more accurate than all the FEMA force distributions methods in estimating seismic demands. However, all pushover analysis procedures considered do not seem to compute to acceptable accuracy local response quantities, such as hinge plastic rotations. Thus the present trend of comparing computed hinge plastic rotations against rotation limits established in FEMA-273 to judge structural performance does not seem prudent. Instead, structural performance evaluation should be based on story drifts known to be closely related to damage and can be estimated to a higher degree of accuracy by pushover analyses.
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