Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Fourth Edition
Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Fourth Edition by F. M. Lea
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann; 4 edition (January 29, 2004) | ISBN: 0750662565 | Pages: 1092 | PDF | 66.12 MB
The cement industry itself has changed on the world stage, and there have been major improvements in the manufacturing process and quality control leading to a more uniform product. With the significant growth of the ready mixed and precast concrete industries over the past 40 years, customer demand has also changed (e.g. higher early strength for precasting). Finally in this Hst of changes in a changing world, the attitude of the ultimate customers for cement and concrete - the owners of structures - has been conditioned by the growing concern about durability. The somewhat disappointing durability performance of a proportion of the vast numbers of concrete structures built since the 1960s - interspersed by major concerns such as alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and the still persistent corrosion issue (due mainly to chlorides, in their various forms) - has provoked a much greater interest in the properties of cement and concrete on the part of a wider cross-section of the construction industry, and, indeed, by the public at large. This continuing saga, no doubt fuelled by fresh concerns over environmental and sustainability issues, will maintain that interest in the future, and will demonstrate the need for a further edition of this book in the years to come!
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This International Standard describes the general principles of determining ice load on structures of the types listed in 1.2.
In cases where a certain structure is not directly covered by this or another standard or recommendation, designers may use the intentions of this International Standard. However, the user should always consider carefully the applicability of the standard (recommendation) to the structure in question.
The practical use of all data in this International Standard is based upon certain knowledge of the site of the structure. It is necessary to have information about the degree of "normal" icing amounts (= ice classes) for the site in question. For many areas, however, no information is available.
Even in such cases this International Standard can be useful, because local meteorologists or other experienced persons should be able to, on the safe side, estimate a proper ice class. Using such an estimate in the structural design will result in a much safer structure, than designing without any considerations for problems due to ice.
CAUTION It is extremely important to design for some ice instead of no ice, and then the question of whether the amount of ice was correct is of less importance. In particular, the action of wind can be increased considerably due to both increased exposed area and increased drag coefficient.
Application
This International Standard is intended for use in determining ice mass and wind load on the iced structure for the following types of structure:
* masts;
* towers;
* antennas and antenna structures;
* cables, stays, guy ropes, etc.;
* rope ways (cable railways);
* structures for ski-lifts;
* buildings or parts of them exposed to potential icing;
* towers for special types of construction such as transmission lines, wind turbines, etc.
Atmospheric icing on electrical overhead lines is covered by IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards.
This International Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 2394.
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Hot Mix Asphalt Construction: Certification and Accrediation Programs
Scott Shuler, James S. Moulthrop - Hot Mix Asphalt Construction: Certification and Accrediation Programs
Publisher: ASTM International | 1999-09 | ISBN: 0803126190 | PDF | 104 pages | 5.64 MB
STP 1378 is a practical "how to" publication that shares the experiences of several organizations that have established or begun to establish programs for certification and accreditation for technicians working in the asphalt pavement construction industry.
Nine papers provide a wide range of approaches from a diverse audience including departments of transportation, a trade association, a college and several universities, a paving contractor and AASHTO. The papers include:
• New England Transportation Technical Certification Program (NETTCP)
• Asphalt Technician Certification: The Rocky Mountain Way
• The AASHTO Accreditation Program: Serving the Hot Mix Asphalt Industry
• Experiences with Bituminous Paving Technician Training and Certification in Pennsylvania
• A First-Year Summary of the Arkansas Hot-Mix Asphalt Technician Certification
• Certification and Accreditation Programs: A Contractor's Perspective
• Basic Elements in the Design of a Certification Program for Hot-Mix Asphalt
• Lake Land College/Illinois Department of Transportation: Quality Control/Quality Assurance Training Program
• South Carolina's Experience with Certification and Accreditation
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These sites contain full courses available online for free. It's a good resource for additional info if you are taking any of these courses at school.
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The book includes both architectural design and material solutions, supported by theoretical principles, to present a sustainable approach to resort design. It demonstrates that tropical resort buildings do not necessarily require large energy input, in compliance with green building standards. Case studies show how principles of sustainable design have been successfully applied in tropical environments.”
Zbigniew Bromberek, В
Eco-Resorts: Planning and Design for the Tropics
Elsevier Science | ISBN: 9870750657938 | 2009 | PDF | 225 pages | 10.66 MB
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Performance of Reinforced Soil Structures
McGown, K.C.Yeo, K.Z.Andrews
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