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Muni Budhu "Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures", John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
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21st Century Security and CPTED: Designing for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Crime Prevention
21st Century Security and CPTED: Designing for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Crime Prevention
By Randall I. Atlas
Publisher: Auerbach Publications
Number Of Pages: 560
Publication Date: 2008-05-28
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1420068075
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781420068078
Binding: Hardcover
Product Description:
Offering one important answer to current concerns with violence and terrorism, this is the only book to examine current trends in the developing field of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). It includes contributions from the world's top CPTED practitioners. Highly relevant to critical infrastructure protection, the book addresses application of CPTED to high-security environments, as well as public and private sector buildings. Facilitating understanding across fields, it explains the architecture process to security directors, while explaining the security design process to architects. It serves as a practical guide for architects, security directors, law enforcement, Homeland Security professionals, building and property managers, as well as criminal justice, architecture, and security students.
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The report describes laboratory tests of arc welded T-joints between equal width rectangular
hollow sections. The brace and chord members were cold formed with a nominal yield stress
of 350 MPa. The welds were laid using MMAW and GMAW processes without profiling the
brace ends. The brace of each specimen was loaded in tension to failure with the chord
supported continuously so as not to induce significant bending effects.
The test results showed that the joint strength can be improved by using backing strips for the
butt welds, while backing rods (or filler rods) should not be used as they led to larger
variation in joint strengths, and often, inferior strengths. The test strengths are compared with
the design strengths obtained using the IIW Recommendations and Eurocode3, Part 1.8. It is
shown that for cold-formed tubes with a nominal yield stress of 350 MPa (or above), a design
check on the strength of the butt (or groove) weld is required in addition to the checks on the
strengths of the chord and brace members specified in the current design guidelines. An
equation is proposed for calculating the strength of the weld.
Keywords: butt weld, brace-to-chord connection, cold-formed steel, metal arc welding,
rectangular hollow section, T-joint design
28 pages
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I have some photos of space grid structures and I think that some engineers want to see them. Can I place them at this forum? If yes that in what section?
Here is the link to the design and detailing of a laboratory/office building by J. B. Higgins and B. R. Rogers MA, CEng, MICE according to B.s 8110 :
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This thesis is dedicated to developing a new structural concept which is rapidly
deployable and structurally effective. During the recent hundred years, various types of
spatial structural systems have been developed for different civil engineering and space
applications such as stadium cover, exhibition roof, communication boom, etc. Some
of these systems are structurally effective and thus have been used widely such as
double-layer space trusses. Some other types of spatial structures have been proposed
to be effective in construction time such as deployable structures. The structural
products developed in this research inherit both advantages of double-layer space
trusses and deployable structures in one system, which is named as Deployable
Tension-Strut Structure (DTSS).
Structural morphology of DTSSs is related to their mechanical features. The
morphology study shows geometric rules which is linked to deployability of the
structures and the locking mechanism. These geometric rules (shape grammar) serve as
a basis to develop an exhaustive design creation algorithm which is able to
automatically find numerous viable forms of DTSS. Although the algorithm is a
generative design tool, it is controllable in comparison with stochastic methods such as
genetic algorithm. The reason is shape grammar of DTSS is implemented from the
beginning of the design creation process.
Structural behaviour of the proposed DTSSs is investigated by advanced non-linear
structural analysis. The understanding of structural performance is a basis to deduce
the optimum design parameters of DTSS such as the span to depth ratio, and the
number of module in a span length. The newly proposed DTSS is also compared with
conventional double-layer space trusses by using a proposed Structural Efficiency
Index, which consider both self-weight and stiffness of the structure in the evaluation.
The result shows that DTSS is comparative to double layer space truss in terms of
structural efficiency.
Rapid deployment concept of DTSS is proved by prototyping and computer modeling.
The computer models show the possibility of deployment and the prototypes show that
the details of proposed joint system are suitable to accommodate deployability.
Experimental investigations show that the designed steel joints are stronger than the
structural steel members. The stiffness of joints allows folding of the structure
(removal) after full service load is applied. The tests show that service load level
causes insignificant deformation in the joints.
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