Facts for Steel Buildings Earthquakes and seismic design
by Ronald O. Hamburger
AISC November 2009
71 Pages
Pdf File size: 18 MB
In order to design structures to resist strong earthquakes, it is necessary to have an understanding of structural dynamics and the nonlinear behavior of structures. Structural steel continues to offer several economical and effective means for the design and construction of earthquake-resistant structures. This Facts for Steel Buildings resents an overview of the causes of earthquakes, the earthquake effects that damage structures, the structural properties that are effective in minimizing damage, and the organization and intent of seismic design requirements for steel structures in the United States today.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-03-2010, 02:04 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 13670:2009 Execution of concrete structures
(1) This European Standard gives common requirements for execution of concrete structures, it applies to both in-situ works and construction using prefabricated concrete elements.
(2) This standard expects the execution specification to state all the specific requirements relevant to the particular structure.
(3) This standard is applicable to permanent as well as temporary concrete structures.
(4) Additional or different requirements should be considered and, if required, given in the execution specification when using:
a) lightweight aggregate concrete;
b) other materials (e.g. fibres) or constituent materials;
c) special technologies/innovative designs.
(5) This standard does not apply to concrete members used only as equipment or construction aids for the execution.
(6) This standard does not cover the specification, production and conformity of concrete.
(7) This standard is not applicable to the production of precast concrete elements made in accordance with product standards.
(8) This standard does not cover safety and health aspects of execution, or third party safety requirements.
(9) This standard does not cover contractual issues or responsibilities for the identified actions.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-03-2010, 01:53 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 459 -1 and 2 Building lime
BS EN 459-1:2001 Building lime. Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria
This European Standard applies to building limes used as binders for preparation of mortar (for masonry, rendering and
plastering) and production of other construction products.
It gives definitions for the different types of building limes and their classification. It also gives requirements for their
chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of building lime and specifies the conformity criteria.
Terms of delivery or other contractual conditions, normally included in documents exchanged between the supplier and
the purchaser of lime, are outside the scope of this European Standard.
NOTE Additional requirements are needed in special applications e. g. civil engineering.
BS EN 459-2:2001 Building lime. Test methods
This European Standard describes the test methods for all building limes covered by EN 459-1:2001.
This European Standard describes reference test methods and in some cases alternative test methods. In the event
of a dispute, only the reference method is used.
If methods other than the following are used it is necessary to show that they give results equivalent to those given
by the reference methods.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-03-2010, 01:36 AM - Forum: ISO
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BS ISO 15392:2008 Sustainability in building construction. General principles
With the growing importance of sustainable development, the strategies for addressing sustainability in building construction are essentially local and differ in context and content from region to region. These strategies will reflect the context, the preconditions and the priorities and needs, not only in the built environment, but also in the social environment. This social environment includes social equity, cultural issues, traditions, heritage issues, human health and comfort, social infrastructure and safe and healthy environments. It may, in addition, particularly in developing countries, include poverty reduction, job creation, access to safe, affordable and healthy shelter, and loss of livelihoods.
This international standard on sustainability in building construction identifies and establishes general principles for sustainability in building construction. It is based on the concept of sustainable development as it applies to the life cycle of buildings and other construction works, from their inception to the end of life.
BS ISO 15392 is applicable to buildings and other construction works individually and collectively, as well as to the materials, products, services and processes related to the life cycle of buildings and other construction works.
The building and construction sector is highly important for sustainable development because:
It is a key sector in national economies
It has a significant interface with poverty reduction through the basic economic and social services provided in the built environment and the potential opportunities for the poor to be engaged in construction, operation and maintenance
It is one of the single largest industrial sectors and, while providing value and employment, it absorbs considerable resources, with consequential impacts on economic and social conditions and the environment
It creates the built environment, which represents a significant share of the economic assets of individuals, organizations and nations, providing societies with their physical and functional environment
It has considerable opportunity to show improvement relative to its economic, environmental and social impacts.
BS ISO 15392 establishes internationally recognized principles for sustainability in building construction and establishes a common basis for communication of the information required. Interested parties, such as product manufacturers and designers will then be able to provide information. Such information can then be communicated internationally and to a wide range of target audiences, extending from policy makers and regulators to manufacturers, building owners and consumers.
The aim of BS ISO 15392 is to set out the objectives for sustainability in building construction and from these derives general principles. This International Standard forms the basis for deriving evaluation criteria and indicators for the assessment of the contribution of buildings to sustainable development, and it enables decision makers to apply the principles in their decision making.
BS ISO 15392 does not provide levels (benchmarks) that can serve as the basis for sustainability claims. It is also not intended to provide the basis for assessment of organizations or other stakeholders.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-03-2010, 01:26 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 545:2010 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines. Requirements and test methods
This European Standard specifies the requirements and associated test methods applicable to ductile iron
pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for the construction of pipelines outside buildings:
to convey different types of water (e.g. raw water, treated water, re-used water) for all types of
applications (e.g. water intended for human consumption, for fire protection, for snow making, for
irrigation, for hydro-electricity etc.);
with or without pressure;
to be installed below or above ground.
This European Standard is applicable to pipes, fittings and accessories which are:
manufactured with socketed, flanged or spigot ends;
supplied externally and internally coated;
suitable for fluid temperatures between 0 °C and 50 °C, excluding frost;
not intended for use in areas subject to reaction to fire regulations.
This does not preclude special arrangements for the products to be used at higher temperatures.
This European Standard covers pipes and fittings cast by any type of foundry process or manufactured by
fabrication of cast components, as well as corresponding joints and accessories, in a size range extending
from DN 40 to DN 2 000, inclusive.
This European Standard specifies requirements for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical
properties and standard coatings of ductile iron pipes and fittings. It also gives performance requirements for
all components including joints. Joint design and gasket shapes are outside the scope of this standard.
In addition, reference is made to the minimum performance requirements of couplings, flange adaptors and
saddles manufactured for use with ductile iron pipes and fittings.
NOTE In this European Standard, all pressures are relative pressures, expressed in bars (100 kPa = 1 bar).
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The Influence of Filter Strip Shape on Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Extension Test Results
Authors: Mitachi, T; Kohata, Y; Kudoh, Y
Pages: 12 Published: Jan 1988
Source: STP977-EB
Paper ID: STP29106S
Observational Approach to Membrane and Area Corrections in Triaxial Test
Authors: La Rochelle, P; Leroueil, S; Trak, B; Blais-Leroux, L; Tavenas, F
SEDL / STP / STP977-EB / STP29110S
Source: STP977-EB
Paper ID: STP29110S
The Draft Code of Practice for Demolition of Buildings was first issued in February 1998 to provide guidance on safe and good practices for demolition works and for compliance with the requirements of the relevant provisions of the Building (Administration) Regulations and Building (Demolition works) Regulations relating to demolition works.
Throughout the years since its adoption, the Draft Code has been well received by the practitioners. Besides, they have been offering valuable comments on the use of the Draft Code based on their experience gained from its application. The Buildings Department has considered and adopted their constructive views in the present review of the Draft Code which has thus been refined and adopted as this Code of Practice.
The Code contains basic information for the practitioners on better planning and control when carrying out demolition works. It also includes the latest development of the regulatory control on site supervision for demolishing complex structures. This Code should be read and used in conjunction with the Buildings Ordinance and the aforesaid Regulations when preparing demolition plans for approval by the Building Authority. Users of the Code should exercise their own professional judgement in the application of this Code in selecting the most suitable demolition method.
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BS 6100, parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 Building and civil engineering – Vocabulary
BS 6100-2:2007 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Spaces, building types, environment and physical planning
BS 6100-3:2007 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Civil engineering. General
BS 6100-4:2008 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Transport
BS 6100-5:2009 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Civil engineering. Water engineering, environmental engineering and pipe lines
BS 6100-6:2008 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Construction parts
BS 6100-7:2008 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Services
BS 6100-9:2007 Building and civil engineering. Vocabulary. Work with concrete and plaster
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