WPS (Welding Procedure Specifications)
A WPS is a document that describes how welding is to be carried out in production. They are recommended for all welding operations and many application codes and standards make them mandatory
What information should they include?
Sufficient details to enable any competent person to apply the information and produce a weld of acceptable quality. The amount of detail and level of controls specified on a WPS is dependant on the application and criticality of the joint to be welded.
For most applications the information required is generally similar to that recorded on a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) or Welding Procedure Approval Record (WPAR), except that ranges are usually permitted on thicknesses, diameters, welding current, materials, joint types etc.
If a WPS is used in conjunction with approved welding procedures then the ranges stated should be in accordance with the approval ranges permitted by the welding procedure.
However careful consideration should be given to the ranges specified to ensure they are achievable, as the ranges given by welding procedure standards do not always represent good welding practice. For example welding positions permitted by the welding procedure standard may not be achievable or practical for certain welding processes or consumables.
EN ISO 15609-1 (formally EN 288 Part 2) European Standard For Welding Procedure Specifications
EN ISO 15609 Defines the contents of a Welding Procedure Specification in the form of a list of information that should be recorded. For some applications it may be necessary to supplement or reduce the list. For example only in the case of a procedure requiring heat input control would there be a necessity to quote travel speed or run-out length for manual processes.
ASME IX American Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
QW 250 Lists the variables for each welding process, all the variables stated should be addressed. The range permitted by the WPS is dictated by the PQR or PQR’s used to qualify it.
Typical Items That Should Be Recorded On W.P.S:-
Common to all Processes .
Procedure number
Process type
Consumable Size, Type and full Codification.
Consumable Baking Requirement if applicable
Parent material grade and spec.
Thickness range.
Plate or Pipe, Diameter range
Welding Position
Joint Fit Up, Preparation, Cleaning, Dimensions etc.
Backing Strip, Back Gouging information.
Pre-Heat (Min Temp and Method)
Interpass If Required (Maximum Temperature recorded )
Post Weld Heat Treatment. If Required (Time and Temp)
Welding Technique (weaving,max run width etc.)
Arc Energy Limits should be stated if impact tests are required or if the material being welded is sensitive to heat input.
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i know civil and architectural engineers are not very strong in welding topics,then i am sharing these document to facilitate your route of learning,so please read more about ASNT ,AWS and ASME codes,which are very important in construction projects and don't let the Mechanical Engineers to design your welding projects.
This introductory text is geared toward engineers, physicists, and applied mathematicians at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. It applies the mathematics of Cartesian and general tensors to physical field theories and demonstrates them chiefly in terms of the theory of fluid mechanics. Numerous exercises appear throughout the text. 1962 edition.
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Author: L. D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz | Size: 32.5 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Scanner HQ - No OCR | Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann | Year: January 15, 1987 | pages: 539 | ISBN: 0750627670, ISBN-13: 978-0750627672
This is the most comprehensive introductory graduate or advanced undergraduate text in fluid mechanics available. It builds up from the fundamentals, often in a general way, to widespread applications, to technology and geophysics.
New to this second edition are discussions on the universal dimensions similarity scaling for the laminar boundary layer equations and on the generalized vector field derivatives. In addition, new material on the generalized streamfunction treatment shows how streamfunction may be used in three-dimensional flows. Finally, a new Computational Fluid Dynamics chapter enables compulations of some simple flows and provides entry to more advanced literature.
* Basic introduction to the subject of fluid mechanics, intended for undergraduate and beginning graduate students of science and engineering.
* Includes topics of special interest for geophysicists and to engineers.
* New and generalized treatment of similar laminar boundary layers, streamfunctions for three-dimensional flows, vector field derivatives, and gas dynamics. Also a new generalized treatment of boundary conditions in fluid mechanics, and expanded treatment of viscous flows.
Additional info:
High quality scanned version, single page, no bookmarks, non searchable text (No OCR).
29.6MB rar / No pass
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This book sheds lights on recent advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering with special emphasis on soil liquefaction, soil-structure interaction, seismic safety of dams and underground monuments, mitigation strategies against landslide and fire whirlwind resulting from earthquakes and vibration of a layered rotating plant and Bryan's effect. The book contains sixteen chapters covering several interesting research topics written by researchers and experts from several countries. The research reported in this book is useful to graduate students and researchers working in the fields of structural and earthquake engineering. The book will also be of considerable help to civil engineers working on construction and repair of engineering structures, such as buildings, roads, dams and monuments.
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Posted by: arsace82 - 05-04-2012, 08:24 AM - Forum: Archive
- No Replies
I'am looking for this book:
Buckling Experiments, Experimental Methods in Buckling of Thin-Walled Structures (Vol 1): Basic Concepts, Columns, Beams and Plates
J. Singer, J. Arbocz, T. Weller
John Wiley & Sons
1997
640 pages
ISBN: 978-0-471-95661-7
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Buckling Experiments: Experimental Methods in Buckling of Thin-Walled Structures (vol. 2): Shells, Built-Up Structures, Composites and Additional Topics.
Author: J. Singer, J. Arbocz, T. Weller | Size: 77,11 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Scanner | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons | Year: 2002 | pages: 1121 | ISBN: 978-0-471-97450-5
Edited by Josef Singer, the world's foremost authority on structural buckling.
Time-saving and cost-effective design data for all structural, mechanical, and aerospace engineering researchers.
Preface to Volume 2.
Abbreviated Contents of Vol. 1: Basic Concepts, Columns, Beams and Plates.
Shell Buckling Experiments.
Initial Imperfections.
Boundary Conditions and Loading Conditions.
Stiffened Plates.
Stiffened Shells.
Composite Structures.
Nondestructive Buckling Tests.
Plastic Buckling Experiments.
Influence of Holes, Cutouts and Damaged Structures.
Buckling Under Dynamic Loads and Special Problems.
Thermal Buckling and Creep Buckling.
Some Comments on Measurements.
Author Index.
Subject index.
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This book is an update and extension of the classic textbook by Ludwig Prandtl, Essentials of Fluid Mechanics. It is based on the 10th German edition with additional material included. Chapters on wing aerodynamics, heat transfer, and layered flows have been revised and extended, and there are new chapters on fluid mechanical instabilities and biomedical fluid mechanics. References to the literature have been kept to a minimum, and the extensive historical citations may be found by referring to previous editions. This book is aimed at science and engineering students who wish to attain an overview of the various branches of fluid mechanics. It will also be useful as a reference for researchers working in the field of fluid mechanics.
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Author: Herbert Oertel (Editor), P. Erhard, D. Etling, U. Muller, U. Riedel, K.R. Sreenivasan, J. Warnatz | Size: 26.6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Springer | Year: November 5, 2009 | pages: 807 | ISBN: 144191563X, ISBN-13: 978-1441915634
Ludwig Prandtl, with his fundamental contributions to hydrodynamics, aerodynamics and gasdynamics, greatly influenced the development of fluid mechanics as a whole and it was his pioneering research in the first half of the 20th century that founded modern fluid mechanics. His book `Fuhrer durch die Stromungslehre’ or `Essentials of Fluid Mechanics’ appeared in 1942. Even today it is considered one of the most important books in the area.
It is based on the 12th German edition with additional material included. All Chapters have been revised and extended, and there are new chapters on fluid mechanical instabilities and turbulence, microflows and biofluid mechanics.
Essentials of Fluid Mechanics is aimed at science and engineering students and researchers wishing to obtain an overview of the different branches of fluid mechanics. The book is extensively illustrated throughout and includes problems to aid learning in many chapters.
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Author: Joel H. Ferziger, M. Peric | Size: 14.92 MB / 4.4 MB | Format:PDF / DjVu | Quality:Scanner | Publisher: Springer | Year: December 12, 2001 | pages: 423 | ISBN: 3540420746, ISBN-13: 978-3540420743
In its third revised and extended edition the book offers an overview of the techniques used to solve problems in fluid mechanics on computers and describes in detail those most often used in practice. Included are advanced techniques in computational fluid dynamics, like direct and large-eddy simulation of turbulence, multigrid methods, parallel computing, moving grids, structured, block-structured and unstructured boundary-fitted grids, free surface flows. The new edition contains a new section dealing with grid quality and an extended description of discretization methods. The book also contains a great deal of practical advice for code developers and users, it is designed to be equally useful to beginners and experts.
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Of all the historic train stations in London, King's Cross (1852) may perhaps be said to have the most beautiful, possibly even the purest design of them all. Two simple yet elegant steel and glass vaults "(250x22x65 m) cover the halls containing eight platforms. In the course of preparations for the 2012 Summer Olympics, John McAslan + Partners, an architectural and design practice based in London, were assigned with the redevelopment and structural extension of the station which was in dire need of major renovation.
Architect: John McAslan + Partners, London
Structural engineering design: Arup, London
Photo: Christian Schittich
Extensive parts of King's Cross are landmarked (Grade I-listed). In the course of two building stages, the station halls were cleaned and newly glazed, while the two Western and Eastern Range Buildings were carefully renovated and modernised.
Photo: Hufton + Crow/ John McAslan + Partners
Photo: Hufton + Crow/ John McAslan + Partners
The third stage of construction, and highlight of the building measures, is the Western Concourse with its rolling steel and glass roof. This free standing structure was newly built in front of the historic Western Range Building.
Photo: Hufton + Crow/ John McAslan + Partners
The new station entrance is located underneath a semi-circular roof that swoops up to a height of 20 m and extends with a span of 52 m and a diameter of 130 m. Aerial photographs illustrate the ideal fit of the geometry of the new roof between the rear of the Great Northern Hotel and the Western Range Building.
Photo: John Sturrock
The largest self-supporting station roof in Europe (according to the architect) is distinguished by a white steel grid, which rises up vertically and then flares out elegantly out to the sides, much like an amazing giant cascading mushroom.
Photo: Hufton + Crow/ John McAslan + Partners
The outer rim of the roof construction weighing approximately 1,000 t rests on sixteen tree-shaped supports, each able to bear 600 t of weight.
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