Author: State of California Department of Transportation Pavement Standards Team & Division of Design | Size: 3.6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: State of California Department of Transportation Pavement Standards Team & Division of Design | Year: 2007 | pages: 134
DISCLAIMER
This manual is intended for the use of Caltrans and non-Caltrans personnel on projects on the State Highway System regardless of funding source. Engineers and agencies developing projects off the State Highway System may use this manual at their own discretion. Caltrans is not responsible for any work outside of Caltrans performed by non-Caltrans personnel using this manual.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................8
1.1 Purpose of This Manual........................................................................................................8
1.2 Background..........................................................................................................................8
1.3 Caltrans’ Policy.....................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 2 - LCCA...................................................................................................................11
2.1 Design alternatives.............................................................................................................12
4.1.1 Provisions for Selecting Design Alternatives...........................................................12
4.1.2 Selecting Design Alternatives...................................................................................15
2.2 Analysis Period...................................................................................................................17
2.3 Discount Rate......................................................................................................................19
2.4 Maintenance and Rehabilitation Sequences.......................................................................20
2.5 Estimating Costs.................................................................................................................24
2.5.1 Initial Costs...................................................................................................................25
2.5.2 Maintenance Costs........................................................................................................26
2.5.3 Rehabilitation Costs......................................................................................................27
2.5.4 User Costs.....................................................................................................................34
2.5.5 Remaining Service Life Value......................................................................................35
2.6 Calculating Life-Cycle Costs..............................................................................................35
CHAPTER 3 - Using RealCost.....................................................................................................37
3.1 Methodology......................................................................................................................37
3.2 Installing & Starting RealCost...........................................................................................39
3.3 Project Inputs......................................................................................................................41
3.3.1 Project Details...............................................................................................................41
3.3.2 Analysis Options...........................................................................................................43
3.3.3 Traffic Data...................................................................................................................45
3.3.4 Value of User Time......................................................................................................51
3.3.6 Added Time and Vehicle Stopping Costs.....................................................................54
3.3.7 Save Project-Level Inputs.............................................................................................56
3.3.8 Alternative-Level Inputs..............................................................................................56
3.5 Input Warnings and Errors..................................................................................................69
3.6 Simulation and Outputs......................................................................................................70
3.7 Administrative Functions....................................................................................................73
CHAPTER 4 – Analyzing LCCA Results....................................................................................74
4.1 Status of the LCCA Procedures Manual.......................................................................75
4.2 RealCost.......................................................................................................................75
4.2.1 Project Conditions and RealCost..............................................................................76
4.3 Agency and User Costs.................................................................................................77
4.3.1 Limitations of LCCA Results...................................................................................78
4.3.2 Comparing Agency & User Costs.............................................................................79
4.3.3 Choosing an Alternative...........................................................................................80
4.4 Projects with Different Pavement Design Lives...........................................................80
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................81
APPENDIX 1: glossary and list of acronyms...............................................................................82
APPENDIX 2: List of RealCost Limitations and Bugs...............................................................88
APPENDIX 3: Productivity estimates of typical m&r strategies.................................................89
APPENDIX 4: Typical Pavement M&R Schedules for California..............................................90
APPENDIX 5: TRAFFIC INPUTS ESTIMATION...................................................................126
APPENDIX 6: ALTERNATE PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING CONSTRUCTION YEAR AADT........................................................................................................................................132
APPENDIX 7: Weekend traffic hourly distribution..................................................................134
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I found this solution manual on the internet, but it is not English, and i don't know that does this solution manual reliable or not, please, if anyone had the original solution manual share it, thanks.
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Moderator Note:
Instead of the formulas are comprehensible, It's a NON ENGLISH post (Farsi probably) and make it not full useful.
According our forum rules, this post will be moved to Bad Posts temporarily, and, if no English version be found, removed.
Sorry.
Author: Edited by Johann Sjöblom Universitetet i Bergen Bergen, Norway | Size: 22.9 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group | Year: 2006 | pages: 671
Emulsions and Emulsion Stability, Second Edition provides comprehensive coverage of both theoretical and practical aspects of emulsions. The book presents fundamental concepts and processes in emulsified systems, such as flocculation, coalescence, stability, precipitation, deposition, and the evolution of droplet size distribution.
The book explains how to predict emulsion stability and determine droplet sizes in a variety of emulsion systems. It discusses spontaneous emulsification and the formation of “nanoemulsions” as well as droplet-droplet interactions in different electrical fields (electrocoalescence), and the formulation, composition, and preparation variables that contribute to the inversion in emulsion systems. Several chapters emphasize applications such as emulsification encountered in oil spills, asphalt, chemical flooding, acid crude oils, and large-scale industrial wastewater treatment. The survey of experimental characterization methods highlights the importance of thin liquid films in colloidal systems and assesses different NMR applications, ultrasound characterization, video microscopy, and other on-line instrumentation. The last chapter in the book deals with obtaining conductivity measurements as an alternative to online instrumentation.
Completely revised and expanded, this second edition of Emulsions and Emulsion Stability offers a well-rounded collection of knowledge that is applicable to all academic and industrial scientists and researchers in the fields of surfactant and emulsion science.
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Author: Prof. M. S. Sivakumar | Size: 1.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Indian Institute of Technology Madras | pages: 50
Contents: Free body diagram - Revisited; Normal, shear and bearing stress; Stress on inclined planes under axial loading; Strain; Mechanical properties of materials; True stress and true strain; Poissons ratio; Elasticity and Plasticity; Creep and fatigue; Deformation in axially loaded members; Statically indeterminate problems; Thermal effect; Design considerations; Strain energy; Impact loading
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Pipeline Pigging and Inspection Technology, 2nd Ed.
Author: John Tiratsoo | Size: 19,1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Scanner | Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing | Year: 1992, Feb | pages: 478 | ISBN: 0872014266
This reference focuses on oil, gas, and products pipeline, both on- and offshore. You'll understand why, when, and how to pig a line.
Why pig a pipeline? This paper introduces a number of reasons for doing so, together with a discussion of the advantages and alternatives. In general terms, however, pigging is not an operation to be undertaken lightly. There are often technical problems to be resolved and the operation requires careful control and co-ordination.
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Seismic codes are unique to a particular region or
country. They take into account the local seismology,
accepted level of seismic risk, building typologies, and
materials and methods used in construction. Further,
they are indicative of the level of progress a country
has made in the field of earthquake engineering.
The first formal seismic code in India, namely IS
1893, was published in 1962. Today, the Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS) has the following seismic codes:
IS 1893 (Part I), 2002, Indian Standard Criteria for
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (5th Revision)
IS 4326, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for
Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of
Buildings (2nd Revision)
IS 13827, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving
Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings
IS 13828, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving
Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry
Buildings
IS 13920, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for
Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
IS 13935, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Repair and
Seismic Strengthening of Buildings
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SP 22(S&T)-1982 Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering published by bearau of Indian standards has reviewed the codes critically and has some solved examples [/align]
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Influence of Axial Stress on Shear Response of Reinforced Concrete Elements
Document: 108-S70
Author(s): Liping Xie, Evan C. Bentz, and Michael P. Collins
Publication: ACI Structural Journal
Volume: 108
Issue: 6
Date: November 1, 2011
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This book is written for engineering students and practicing engineers who have little knowledge of the boundary element method. Engineers and students have tended to be discouraged by complex mathematics usually employed in explaining this method, which has led to the popularity of the finite element method. This book attempts to redress the balance. It limits the mathematics to one chapter and breaks down the derivation of the formulation into logical steps, allowing the reader to focus on their particular applications.
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