Use Of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete In Structural Members With Highly Complex Stress Fields
Author: Pareek, Tarun | Size: 127 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON (THESIS) | Year: 2012 | pages: 316 | ISBN: -
Reinforced concrete (RC) members with significant geometric discontinuities and complex stress distributions under loading require considerable analyses and usually complicated reinforcement detailing. RC members with large openings are one of the examples. These large openings may interrupt the load transfer by direct concrete struts and cause substantial decrease in strength and unpredictable failure modes. The reinforcement detailing of these concrete members based on strut-and-tie models (STMs) is generally complicated and very often, these models cannot predict the failure mechanism due to localized damages. The actual stress fields in such members are typically very different from that predicated by STMs, as evidenced by many experimental investigations. This study investigates the influence of highly complex stresses on the mechanical behavior of deep beams. One RC and three steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) deep beams with two large openings were monotonically loaded up to failure. A simple design approach based on elastic finite element analysis (FEA) was also proposed for the reinforcement detailing of the SFRC specimens. Experimental results indicated that, although the complex reinforcement detailing as per STM was not used, the SFRC specimens with 1.5% and 1% volume fraction of steel fibers reached much higher strength than the design load and exhibited ductile mode of failure.
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* Introduction * Manufacture, storage, handling and environmental aspects of bitumens * Constitution, structure and rheology of bitumens * Specifications and quality of bitumens * Polymer modified and special bitumens * Bitumen emulsions * Mechanical testing and properties of bitumens * Durability of bitumens * Adhesion of bitumens * Influence of bitumen properties on the performance of asphalts * Aggregates in asphalts * Types and applications of different asphalts * Specification, composition and design of asphalts * Asphalt production plants * Transport, laying and compaction of asphalts * Testing of asphalts * Properties of asphalts * Design of flexible pavements * Surface dressing and other specialist treatments * Other important uses of bitumens and asphalts * Appendices
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Rammed earth walls are formed by compacting subsoil in thin layers inside temporary supporting formwork. An ancient form of construction, rammed earth has in recent years, together with other earth building methods, been increasingly used structurally in a range of contemporary buildings in many countries around the world. Though current structural design procedures for earth walls, including rammed earth, in general use provisions based on structural masonry standards, this approach has never been satisfactorily validated. This paper presents experimental results from material and large-scale testing and develops a simple theoretical model, applied to rammed earth columns subject to concentric and eccentric axial compression loading. An analytical model, using a basic strut theory, shows favorable correlation with the experimental results for all load eccentricities.
Soil Property Criteria for Rammed Earth Stabilization
This study relates value ranges of natural soil properties (plasticity, texture, and shrinkage) to the degree of predisposition of soils to stabilization for rammed earth wall construction. A total of 219 strength determinations were made on 104 soils compacted and stabilized with cement and/or lime and/or asphalt. Using a 2 MPa compressive strength criterion as the measure of stabilization success, soil property value ranges were related to the proportion of samples exceeding the criterion. Linear shrinkage (LS) and plasticity index (PI) are found to be the best discriminators of soil predisposition, with textural variables being useful secondary discriminators. “Favorable” soils, with stabilization success rates of ≥80%, include those with: (1) LS<6.0% and PI<15%; and (2) LS 6.0–11.0%, PI 15–30%, and sand content <64%. These soils were stabilized with treatments averaging 4.2% cement and 1.8% lime, with individual treatments ranging from 4–8% total cement and/or lime. “Unfavorable” soils, with stabilization success rates of <60%, include those with LS 6.0–11.0, PI 15–30, and sand content ≥64%, or with LS>11.0, PI>30. These findings should assist rammed earth engineers to more easily select a suitable soil and to minimize resources spent on preconstruction stabilization trials.
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Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Tank-Liquid-Soil Interaction Problem
R. Seeber and F. D. Fischer
J. Pressure Vessel Technol. -- February 1990 -- Volume 112, Issue 1, 28
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Effects of infill walls on base responses and roof drift of reinforced concrete buildings under time-history loading
Author: M. Metin Kose, Ozge Karslioglu | Size: 0.97 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,Volume 20, Issue 3 | Year: April 2011 | pages: 402–417 | ISSN: 1541-7808
Abstract
In this study, the effects of infill walls on base reaction and roof drift of reinforced concrete frames were investigated. These effects were studied using 3D finite element method on 216 building models. Number of floors, number of bays, ratio of shear walls and ratio of infilled bays were selected as parameters. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effect of each parameter on base shear, normal base reaction and roof drift. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the percentage of shear walls was the most important parameter affecting base shear, normal base reaction and roof drift. The effect of infill walls on base shear, normal base reaction and roof drift decreased when the percentage of the shear walls increased. The models without any infill walls had minimal normal base reaction under time-history loading. However, an increase in the percentage of infill walls led to an increase in normal base reaction. The roof drift of the models was not critical.
Finite element analysis and seismic rehabilitation of a 1000-year-old heritage listed tall masonry mosque
Author: A.. Mortezaei, A. Kheyroddin, H. R. Ronagh | Size: 3.46 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, Volume 21, Issue 5 | Year: May 2012 | pages: 334–353 | ISSN: 1541-7808
Abstract
Architectural heritage is not only culturally important but also economically vital as it is a great support for tourism and leisure industries bringing in billions of dollars to otherwise ailing economies of many older regions of the world. Protecting these often very heavy masonry structures in high seismic zones is a challenge that is of great concern for authorities, researchers and engineers alike. Post-Islamic monumental buildings of Persia are among the world's most beautiful heritage listed architecture. Every large city in Iran has a mosque called ‘Masjed-e-Jam'e’ meaning the great mosque. This is the mosque in which the Friday prayer (a social must for Muslims) is often held. These mosques are large, always with tall minarets and often with a huge gathering area called ‘Ivan’ that are identifiable by their huge walls and dome or semi-dome shaped roofs. The structure of the building and minarets is often made of bricks laid with lime mortar; and as such they are heavy elements most susceptible to earthquake's ground acceleration.
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the structural behaviour and seismic vulnerability of the ‘Masjed-e-Jame’ of Semnan, a heritage listed building dating back to 11th century AD. The analytical tool used here is a nonlinear static/dynamic finite element method. Using this tool and comparing demand versus capacity confirms the susceptibility of the building to extensive damage and possibility of collapse, as is frequently observed in this type of buildings. Another aspect of the study presented here has been the evaluation of the actual efficiency of current techniques of repair and strengthening of these structures. It is shown that usual structural reinforcement techniques are effective in providing increased seismic capacity. The paper advocates that significant information can be obtained from advanced numerical analysis, with respect to the understanding of existing damage and design of strengthening system.
Seismic evaluation of a 56-storey residential reinforced concrete high-rise building based on nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses
Author: Siamak Epackachi, Rasoul Mirghaderi, Omid Esmaili, Ali Asghar Taheri Behbahani, Shahram Vahdani | Size: 3.46 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, Volume 21, Issue 4 | Year: April 2012 | pages: 233–248 | ISSN: 1541-7808
Abstract
In recent decades, shear walls and tube structures have been the most appropriate structural forms for the construction of high-rise concrete buildings. Thus, recent Reinforced Concrete (RC) tall buildings have more complicated structural behaviour than before. Therefore, studying the structural systems and associated behaviour of these types of structures is very important. The main objective of this paper is to study the linear and nonlinear behaviour of one of the tallest RC buildings, a 56-storey structure, located in a high seismic zone in Iran. In this tower, shear wall systems with irregular openings are utilized under both gravity and lateral loads and may result in some especial issues in the behaviour of structural elements such as shear walls and coupling beams. The analytical methodologies and the results obtained in the evaluation of life-safety and collapse prevention of the building are also discussed. The weak zones of the structure based on the results are introduced, and a detailed discussion of some important structural aspects of the high-rise shear wall system with consideration of the concrete time dependency and constructional sequence effects is also included.
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Fluidization Dynamics has been written for students and engineers who find themselves involved with problems concerning the fluidized state. It presents an analysis that focuses directly on the problem of predicting the fluid dynamic behaviour of a proposed fluidized system for which empirical data is limited or unavailable.
The second objective is to provide a treatment of fluidization dynamics that is readily accessible to the non-specialist. The linear approach adopted in this book, starting with the formulation of predictive expressions for the basic forces that act on a fluidized particle, offers a clear way into the theory. The incorporation of the force terms into the conservation equations for mass and momentum and subsequent applications are presented in a manner that requires only the haziest recollection of elementary fluid-dynamics theory.
The analyses presented in this book represent a body of research that has appeared in numerous publications over the last 20 years. L.G. Gibilaro has taken the opportunity to reorder much of the material in the light of subsequent knowledge, to correct minor errors and inconsistencies and to add detail and clarification where necessary. This material helps to form the basis for university course modules in engineering and applied science at undergraduate and graduate level, as well as focused, post-experienced courses for the process, and allied industries.
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Author: R. Peter King | Size: 3.89 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann | Year: January 9, 2003 | pages: 198 | ISBN: 0750648856, ISBN-13: 978-0750648851
Introduction to Practical Fluid Flow provides essential information on the the solution of practical fluid flow and fluid transportation problems through the application of fluid dynamics.
Emphasising the solution of practical operating and design problems using the latest methods, the text concentrates on computer-based methods throughout, in keeping with modern trends in engineering. With a focus on the flow of slurries and non-Newtonian fluids, it will be useful for and engineering students who have to deal with practical fluid flow problems.
The book is supported by an accompanying CD ROM which provides a toolbox of computer methods. These enable readers to use all of the problem solving methods shown in the book's illustrated examples. Emphasises flow of slurries and Non-Newtonian fluids.
Covers the application of fluid dynamics to the solution of practical fluid flow and fluid transportation problems.
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CD ROM is not included.
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This fascinating work makes the link between the rarified world of maths and the down-to-earth one inhabited by engineers. It introduces and explains classical and modern mathematical procedures as applied to the real problems confronting engineers and geoscientists. Written in a manner that is understandable for students across the breadth of their studies, it lays out the foundations for mastering difficult and sometimes confusing mathematical methods. Arithmetic examples and figures fully support this approach, while all important mathematical techniques are detailed. Derived from the author's long experience teaching courses in applied mathematics, it is based on the lectures, exercises and lessons she has used in her classes.
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Author: George Z. Voyiadjis, Peter I. Kattan | Size: 1.61 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Springer | Year: July 22, 2005 | pages: 336 | ISBN: 3540243534, ISBN-13: 978-3540243533
This textbook makes use of the popular computer program MATLAB as the major computer tool to study mechanics of composite materials. It is written specifically for students in engineering and materials science, examining step-by-step solutions of composite material mechanics problems using MATLAB. Each of the 12 chapters is well structured and includes a summary of the basic equations, MATLAB functions used in the chapter, solved examples and problems for students to solve. The main emphasis of Mechanics of Composite Materials with MATLAB is on learning the composite material mechanics computations and on understanding the underlying concepts. The solutions to most of the given problems appear in an appendix at the end of the book.
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