Guidelines for Dowel Alignment in Concrete Pavements

Dowels are used in jointed portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements to provide load transfer, reduce faulting, and improve performance. These dowels are placed either manually before concrete placement or during construction by automatic dowel bar inserters to expedite construction and reduce cost. Inspection of pavements in several states revealed that misalignment of dowels generally occurs regardless of the placement method. These inspections also revealed that slab cracking and other forms of distress may not always occur as a result of such misalignment. However, limited research has been performed to determine the extent of dowel misalignment in pavement construction and its effect on performance. This report presents the research conducted under NCHRP Project 10-69 to address the issues associated with dowel alignment and develop approaches for estimating the effects of different levels and types of misalignment on performance, thus improving the analysis and design of concrete pavements. The objective of this research is to develop guidelines for dowel alignment in concrete pavements. The research addresses all forms and combinations of dowel misalignment (i.e., vertical and lateral skew and displacement).

BS 5531:1988 Code of practice for Safety in erecting structural frames

This code of practice makes recommendations concerning safety in erecting the principal types of structural frames, mainly in precast concrete and steel. Consideration is also given to the following:
a) space frameworks
b) timber frameworks
c) aluminium frameworks
d) plastics frameworks
This code does not include recommendations on work involved in the erection of in situ concrete frames (see BS 5975).
This code does not deal with those aspects of site safety which are generally applicable to all construction operations and for which guidance and information are readily available elsewhere (e.g. use of hand tools, ladders, etc.).
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.

BS 4486:1980 Specification for hot rolled and hot rolled and processed high tensile alloy steel bars for the prestressing of concrete

BS EN ISO 4066:2000+A1 Construction drawings - Bar scheduling

BS 4466:1989 Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and cutting of steel reinforcement for concrete

BS EN 13391:2004 Mechanical tests for post-tensioning systems

This European Standard specifies the test procedures for the anchorages and couplings of post-tensioning systems. This standard is to be used in conjunction with the relevant European Standards ENV 1992-1-1 andENV 1992-2 and others for pertaining to prestressed concrete structures.The test results should be used for the acquisition of the Technical Approval of the specified post-tensioningsystem.For unbonded tendons additional tests and requirements are needed and these are not covered in the presentscope of this standard.