Author: Jan G.M. van Mier | Size: 34 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: CRC Press | Year: 2012 | pages: 356 | ISBN: 9781466554719
Features
Provides in-depth understanding of the fracture of cement and concrete
Presents a state-of-the-art overview of fracture models for concrete
Includes clear descriptions of experimental techniques for stable fracture experiments on cement and concrete
Debates the advantages and disadvantages of current approaches to model fracture
Offers an alternative approach to size/scale effects, based on crack statistics
Suggests an agenda for future micro-fracture experimentation
Proposes a new modeling approach based on multiscale interaction potential
Summary
The study of fracture mechanics of concrete has developed in recent years to the point where it can be used for assessing the durability of concrete structures and for the development of new concrete materials. The last decade has seen a gradual shift of interest toward fracture studies at increasingly smaller sizes and scales. Concrete Fracture: A Multiscale Approach explores fracture properties of cement and concrete based on their actual material structure.
Concrete is a complex hierarchical material, containing material structural elements spanning scales from the nano- to micro- and meso-level. Therefore, multi-scale approaches are essential for a better understanding of mechanical properties and fracture in particular. This volume includes various examples of fracture analyses at the micro- and meso-level. The book presents models accompanied by reliable experiments and explains how these experiments are performed. It also provides numerous examples of test methods and requirements for evaluating quasi-brittle materials. More importantly, it proposes a new modeling approach based on multiscale interaction potential and examines the related experimental challenges facing research engineers and building professionals.
The book’s comprehensive coverage is poised to encourage new initiatives for overcoming the difficulties encountered when performing fracture experiments on cement at the micro-size/scale and smaller. The author demonstrates how the obtained results can fit into the larger picture of the material science of concrete—particularly the design of new high-performance concrete materials which can be put to good use in the development of efficient and durable structures.
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Author: National Association of City Transportation Officials | Size: 24.5 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Island Press | Year: 2013 | pages: 193 | ISBN: 9781610914949
The NACTO Urban Street Design Guide shows how streets of every size can be reimagined and reoriented to prioritize safe driving and transit, biking, walking, and public activity. Unlike older, more conservative engineering manuals, this design guide emphasizes the core principle that urban streets are public places and have a larger role to play in communities than solely being conduits for traffic.
The well-illustrated guide offers blueprints of street design from multiple perspectives, from the bird’s eye view to granular details. Case studies from around the country clearly show how to implement best practices, as well as provide guidance for customizing design applications to a city’s unique needs. Urban Street Design Guide outlines five goals and tenets of world-class street design:
• Streets are public spaces. Streets play a much larger role in the public life of cities and communities than just thoroughfares for traffic.
• Great streets are great for business. Well-designed streets generate higher revenues for businesses and higher values for homeowners.
• Design for safety. Traffic engineers can and should design streets where people walking, parking, shopping, bicycling, working, and driving can cross paths safely.
• Streets can be changed. Transportation engineers can work flexibly within the building envelope of a street. Many city streets were created in a different era and need to be reconfigured to meet new needs.
• Act now! Implement projects quickly using temporary materials to help inform public decision making.
Elaborating on these fundamental principles, the guide offers substantive direction for cities seeking to improve street design to create more inclusive, multi-modal urban environments. It is an exceptional resource for redesigning streets to serve the needs of 21st century cities, whose residents and visitors demand a variety of transportation options, safer streets, and vibrant community life.
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Considers water as a single entity, and presents many examples illustrating the variety of existing hydrogeological problems and the diverse scientific, technical, and social approaches used in resolving them
Intended for students of Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, and Physical Geography
Useful to all players involved in water-related issues: hydrogeologists, geologists, soil scientists, agronomists, civil engineers, and developers
Summary
Hydrogeology, the science of groundwater, requires a multidisciplinary approach involving many other sciences: surface hydrology, climatology, geology, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, and more. This book takes a broad view, considers water as a single entity, and presents many examples illustrating the variety of existing hydrogeological problems and the diverse scientific, technical, and social approaches used in resolving them. It is intended primarily for students of Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, and Physical Geography. It will also be useful to all players involved in water-related issues: hydrogeologists, geologists, soil scientists, agronomists, civil engineers, and developers.
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Cold Regions Engineering 2012: Sustainable Infrastructure Development in a Changing Cold Environment
Author: Guy Doré, Brian Morse | Size: 104 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers | Year: August 19-22, 2012 | pages: 859 | ISBN: 9780784412473
Proceedings of the 15th International Specialty Conference on Cold Regions Engineering, held in Quebec City, Canada, August 19-22, 2012. Sponsored by the Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering of ASCE and Canadian Society for Civil Engineering.
This collection contains 82 peer-reviewed papers on new developments in cold regions engineering and technologies. These papers offer a truly international view of the current state of knowledge in different aspects of civil engineering in cold regions, including geotechnics, transportation, pavements, structures, rivers and ports, and water management.
Topics include: embankment engineering on permafrost; foundation design; frozen soil behavior; infrastructure and climate change; mining in cold regions; navigation in seasonal frozen waterways; permafrost investigation; port engineering; river ice processes; roads: pavement design, spring load restrictions, and winter road maintenance; snow and ice; structural engineering; and wastewater management in a cold climate.
This collection will be of interest to all types of civil engineers working in areas where cold weather is a factor in engineering practice.
Table of Contents Embankment Engineering on Permafrost: Mitigation
Frozen Soil Behavior: Laboratory Testing
Roads: Pavement Design
Structural Engineering
River Ice Processes
Navigation in Seasonal Frozen Waterways
Roads: Winter Road Maintenance
Foundation Design: Thermal Design and Performance
Roads: Spring Load Restrictions Embankment Engineering on Permafrost: Transportation Infrastructure
Foundation Design: Pile Foundation and Seismic Load
Infrastructure and Climate Change
Embankment Engineering on Permafrost: Modeling
Foundation Design: Shallow Foundations
Snow and Ice: Groundwater
Wastewater Management in a Cold Climate
Permafrost Investigation
Frozen Soil Behavior: Modeling
Port Engineering
Frozen Soil Behavior: Field Investigations and Slope Stability
Mining in Cold Regions
Snow and Ice: Snow Characterization
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The purpose of this book is to analyze, with actual examples, different techniques that have been developed to tackle the complex task of making an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of a project. A project may influence the lives of many people, can change the physical environment temporarily or forever, and creates benefits or losses, not only for the people who promoted it, but also for those not related whatsoever with the project. Thus, its assessment is not only a commercial evaluation of gains and losses, but it goes far beyond that, for it also has to appraise:
-how people's way of life will be affected;
-how significant the alteration produced in the social fabric will be;
-what the result will be of using certain renewable and non-renewable resources;
-how much the expected economic development will cost in terms of loss of resources sustainability;
-how to measure what is not easily measurable: enjoying a sunset, a stroll in a tropical forest, climbing a mountain, etc.; and
-how to integrate the technical and environmental aspects of projects with the desires, wishes and needs of the population.
Even though, in many cases, the different techniques can be used standalone, this procedure appears to be unsatisfactory, because none of them can give a complete answer to our problem. For that reason this book explains each technique separately, but whenever possible, and through examples, links them in order to obtain the maximum benefit from each one.
This book is subtitled A Practical Guide, precisely because it tries to guide the practitioner in this labyrinth of techniques, by suggesting the best tools to use in each case, complementing this with abundant Internet references that provide a fast way to get more information about specific concepts, and facilitating the examination of actual EIA in many different fields.
Audience: This book will help the practitioner, the student, and the public in general on how best to understand and evaluate the effects of new projects on our environment. Worksheets to prepare an EIA are included.
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-Provides essential knowledge and information on mitigation of damage caused by earthquakes and tsunamis
-Focuses on earthquakes and tsunamis not only in Japan but worldwide
-Discusses the mechanism of soil liquefaction and countermeasures based on case studies
Earthquake and tsunami disasters have been increasing rapidly and globally in the last quarter-century. The purpose of this book is to provide essential knowledge and information on the mitigation of earthquakes and tsunamis for graduate students, young researchers, and geotechnical engineers. It begins by presenting recent cases of earthquakes that have occurred in the world, referring to tsunamis and soil liquefaction and how to cope with such disasters. The final chapter proposes strategies for disaster mitigation against in Japan earthquakes and tsunamis in the future.
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Based on the field investigation and the summary of the published research results of the April 20, 2013, Lushan, Sichuan, China, MS7.0 earthquake, having occurred along the same fault zone which accommodated the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, this Brief tries to describe and discuss the special earthquake phenomenology associated with both the local geology and the changing society. Since the occurrence of this earthquake, there have been the scientific debates on (1) the seismo-tectonics of this earthquake which has no primary seismic fault discovered on the surface of the ground; (2) the relation between this earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake (i.e., whether it can be considered as one of the aftershocks); and (3) how well have been accomplished in the reduction of earthquake disasters, 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. This Brief also tries to introduce the studies and practice of Chinese seismological agencies for the reduction of earthquake disasters. Due to language and cultural barriers, such an introduction makes sense not only for English readers but also for Chinese readers. For example, people (abroad) are always asking why there are so many Chinese seismologists working on earthquake prediction. In fact the Chinese wording 'earthquake prediction' has a much wider coverage than that in English. And actually the Chinese approach to (time-dependent) seismic hazard has no systematic difference from outside world in its methodology.
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Geologists and civil engineers related to infrastructure planning, design and building describe professional practices and engineering geological methods in different European infrastructure projects.
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