Concrete repair continues to be a subject of major interest to engineers and technologists worldwide. The concrete repair budget for the UK alone currently runs at some UKP 220 per annum. Some estimates have indicated that, worldwide, in 2010 the expenditure for maintenance and repair work will represent about 85% of the total expenditure in the construction field. It has been forecast that, in the same year in the USA, 50 billion dollars will be spent just for the restoration of deteriorated bridges and viaducts.
An understanding of the latest techniques in repair and testing and inspection is thus crucial to the international construction industry. This book, with contributions from 34 countries, brings together the best in research, practical application, strategy and theory relating to concrete repair, testing and inspection, fire damage, composites and electro-chemical repair.
credit to: kdesigns
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Progressive Collapse Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
ABSTRACT
The progressive collapse of the World Trade Center towers has generated a worldwide concern of the
risks of progressive collapse in multi‐story buildings. The prevention of progressive collapse lies primary
in the proper and effective analysis of the structures having high potential to progressivity. Linear elastic
static analysis method is presented in this report. To minimize the progressive collapse risks, the
structural system of the building should be able to tolerate the removal of one or more structural
members and redistribute their load on the surrounding members, so that disproportionate collapse
would not take place.
This study investigates the performance level of a fifteen‐story reinforced concrete building. A Linear
Elastic Static Analysis Procedure based on the GSA (General Service Administration) guidelines is used as
a preliminary study to determine the potential for progressive collapse of this building. The building
consists of several moment resisting frames and gravity frames.
A column at the ground floor is removed to simulate an effect of any extreme event and the remaining
structure is analyzed using the ETABS 3D structural simulation software. The structure is analyzed as per
the GSA guidelines for gravity loads only. Then the structure is checked for the Demand‐Capacity Ratios
(DCR) as per GSA provisions. It is found that the building is safe when a column from an IMF is removed.
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Searched but found none and hope there is no previous post before.
2500 Solved Problems in Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics
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This publication presents procedures for the design of wind-moment frames in accordance with BS 5950-1. In this method of design, the frame is made statically determinate by treating the connections as pinned under vertical loads and fixed under horizontal loads (with certain assumed points of zero moment). The publication gives design procedures for frames that are braced in the minor axis direction and for frames that do not have bracing in either principal direction.
The limitations of the method, which differ slightly for these two cases, are explained. In particular, it should be noted that the method is only recommended for low-rise frames up to four storeys high.
In addition to design procedures for the ultimate and serviceability limit states, fully worked design examples are presented for two cases. The publication also reproduces the resistance tables for standard wind-moment connections taken from SCI/BCSA publication P207 Joints in steel construction: Moment connections.
These connections use flush or extended end plates and grade 8.8 M20 or M24 bolts, and achieve sufficient rotation capacity by ensuring that the moment resistance is not governed by bolt or weld failure.
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An essential reference for engineers, public works administrators and contractors, researchers and students, this book provides a systematic study of bridge substructure and foundation elements, presents explicit methods of analysis, design and detailing, and offers case studies. It reflects the distinct evolution in bridge design concepts, theories, and analysis methods that has recently taken place.
From the Publisher:
Helps engineers optimize both structural reliability and economy by presenting both traditional allowable stress design concepts and newer, statistically-based load and resistance factor methodologies.
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This publication gives guidance on the appraisal of existing iron and steel structures.
It deals mainly with building structures in cast and wrought iron, and in steel up to
1968 (when BS 4360 was introduced). A historical account of the manufacture of
these materials and their use in building construction is provided, in order to
highlight differences in design, forming, fabrication, and connection methods as
compared with present-day practice. Guidance on appraisal strategy is accompanied
by reviews of relevant material properties, defects, and methods of investigation of
the existing structure. The assessment method offers a three-stage approach to
calculations for checking structural adequacy, and also considers adequacy in fire.
Load testing is discussed as a complementary method of checking structural
adequacy. The three final sections consider methods of structural repair,
strengthening and replacement, fire protection, and corrosion protection.
References and a Bibliography are provided. Three Appendices list principal
sources of available information, provide background details of the historical
development of column analysis, and summarise current research on structural cast
iron.
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What hernansgz pointed out lately on the national codes really interest me, we have been in almost same situation here.
My country used to adopt (ya, we have a diffirent title but the content are 100% the same, for information of those very lucky engineers from bigger nations which have developed their own code) from british codes. And now of cos, british are moving to eurocodes and we are asked to do the same.
Like Argentina engineers, we too very frustated with the whole situation.
As an example, concrete code.
In our building by-law (supposed the only document gazzeted in law system), it still refers to CP110:1978.
Most of the engineers design to BS8110 whther 1985 version or the updated 1997 version. Some trying hard to pick up EC2 and our engineer society try to come out with our own National Annex which is also very similar to British NA to EC2. Along the way, happened all those debates (from graduates of foreign countries i presumed) should we continue to follow bristish, should we go to australian, american or new zealand, blabla?
On the other hand.
And can you believe it, my country actually adopted (this time not in full but with some modifications and a lot of mistakes) from australian for wind loads? and they tried too to form a seismic codes (ya, we have some bigger tremors nowadays) based on UBC and IBC (american)!!!
And now, wow! ISN'T A BIT TOO MUCH FOR US, the STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS?
CIRSOC 201 - 1982 - Argentina - Reinforced Concrete Code
CIRSOC 201 1982 - Reinforced Concrete Design Code.
(In Spanish, suitable for argentine users in this forum)
This code is based on the oldest German code DIN 1045 from 1978...
This was our code for many years... Technically, for argentine structural engineers, the logical transition was to migrate to Eurocodes (same as Brazil)... but the argentinian auhority INTI-CIRSOC, decided to adopt the ACI code. (practically a copy)
This post have the link to download CIRSOC 201 1978 (2 books in one PDF) and the official support literature edited by IRAM in 1981 (very old)
Believe it or not, this code is the only one valid in our country.. the new code based on ACI is in permanently revision and awating the official autorization since 2004... but many government offices and provinces (like Mendoza) accept and aprove projects using the new code... but is not legally aproved and valid for whole country... may be in the next century... :lol:
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Notice:
Brazilian concrete structural codes doesn't follow Eurocode only. The NBR 6118:2003 is a long study of all around codes (Including Eurocode, ACI, BS, DIN, et.) and cases study in Brazil and, at 2008 was internationally recognized.
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