Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Structures subjected to Blast and Fragment Impacts

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Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Structures subjected to Blast and Fragment Impacts

Author: JOOSEF LEPPÄNEN | Size: 1.8 MB | Format: PDF | Quality: Unspecified | Publisher: Department of Structural Engineering Concrete Structures CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Göteborg, Sweden 2002 | Year: 2002

For protective structures, reinforced concrete is commonly used. Concrete structures
subjected to explosive loading in a combination of blast and fragments will have very
different response than statically loaded structure. During the blast and the fragment
impacts the structure will shake and vibrate, severe crushing of concrete occurs and a
crater forms (spalling) in the front of the concrete; for large penetration, scabbing may
occur at the backside of the wall, or even perforation, with a risk of injury for people
inside the structure.
This thesis is intended to increase the knowledge of reinforced concrete structures
subjected to explosive loading, i.e. effects of blast and fragmentation. A further aim is
to describe and use the non-linear finite element (FE) method for concrete penetration
analyses. Particular attention is given to dynamic loading, where the concrete
behaviour differs compared to static loading. The compressive and tensile strengths
increase due to the strain rate effects. Initial stiffness increases, and moreover the
concrete strain capacity is increased in dynamic loading.
Traditionally, for prediction of the depth of penetration and crater formation from
fragments and projectiles, empirical relationships are used, which are discussed here
together with the effects of the blast wave that is caused by the explosion.
To learn more about the structural behaviour of concrete subjected to severe loading,
a powerful tool is to combine advanced non-linear FE analyses and experiments. A
trustworthy model must be able to capture correct results from several experiments,
including both the depth of penetration and the crater size. In this thesis, FE analyses
of concrete penetration with steel projectiles have been performed and compared to
existing experimental results. By using the non-linear FE program AUTODYN, the
depth of penetration and crater sizing can be predicted.

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