Methods of resisting hydrostatic uplift in substructures by I. H. Wong

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Methods of resisting hydrostatic uplift in substructures

by I. H. Wong

Mitic Associates, 95 Cashew Road #03-03, Singapore 679666, Singapore
Received 5 March 2001;
revised 8 May 2001;
accepted 10 May 2001.
Available online 13 August 2001.

Abstract:
Many underground structures are constructed for use as car parks and shops in basements of buildings and as mass rapid transit stations, depressed roadways and civil defense shelters in cities located in coastal areas where the ground is level and the elevations are low, with an attendant high groundwater table. This paper discusses the various methods of resisting hydrostatic uplift. These include the use of tension piles and the installation of a water pressure relief system under the base slab of the basement. A case history in Singapore employing a pressure relief system below a three-level basement is presented.

Author Keywords: Deep excavation; Groundwater pressure; Uplift; Stiff; Soft soils
Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. Mechanism of flotation caused by hydraulic uplift
3. Conventional methods to resist uplift
3.1. Toeing in of base slab into surrounding ground
3.2. Increasing dead weight of structure
3.3. Ground anchors
3.4. Tension piles
4. Design of tension piles
5. Methods to reduce or eliminate uplift
6. Design of under-drain system
6.1. Operating costs
7. Effects of dewatering on adjacent ground and structures
8. Case history Raffles City
8.1. Site conditions
8.2. Performance of under-drain system
9. Beneficial effects of pressure relief system for waterproofing of basement
10. Conclusions
References


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