Modeling Soil Liquefaction Hazards for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering

[ELAHI1979]

Modeling Soil Liquefaction Hazards for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering
by Kramer & Elgamal

The first widespread observations of damage attributed to liquefaction were made in the 1964 Niigata, Japan, and 1964 Alaska earthquakes. In numerous earthquakes since, liquefaction has been deemed responsible for significant damage to buildings and bridges. Liquefaction has been studied extensively over the past 35 years, and substantial advances have been made in understanding the development and effects of this phenomenon. These advances have led to a series of practical procedures for evaluating the potential for occurrence and for estimating its effects. These procedures, however, are almost entirely empirical in nature and, as such, are difficult to apply to the problem of performance prediction for individual structures. The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center is committed to the development of methods and procedures for performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE). The use of PBEE requires the ability to predict a nearly continuous spectrum of performance states for individual structures. This requirement implies the need for tools and procedures for evaluation of the entire process of liquefaction — from initiation to effects. Recent advances in the understanding of liquefaction-related phenomena offer the promise of improved analytical predictions of the initiation and effects of soil liquefaction. The purpose of this synthesis report is to summarize current procedures for practical prediction of liquefaction behavior, to describe recent advances in the understanding of liquefaction behavior, and to describe the incorporation
of this improved understanding into new solutions for detailed modeling of soil liquefaction. The focus of this report, however, is on performance, and the reader should expect that aspects of liquefaction that relate to the performance of buildings, bridges, and lifelines will be emphasized. Well-known and widely used empirical tools and procedures for evaluation of liquefaction hazards will be reviewed relatively briefly, with more detailed discussions devoted to emerging knowledge about the mechanics of liquefiable soil behavior, and methods for incorporating those mechanics into improved models for performance prediction.

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[shadabg]

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[Grunf]

@zrilek

you are right, the link posted by shadabg does not work, but here is direct link which is fine:

Code:

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[shadabg]

@zrilek,

I checked the link while in post preview also and after posting also. It was working fine, but at present it's not working. Sincere apology for the inconvenience caused.

Here's the same Direct Link, which is working perfectly :

Code:

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