WASTE-WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

[Notter]

WASTE-WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES: A GENERAL REVIEW

Author: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA | Size: 3.08 MB | Format: PDF | Publisher: United nation | Year: 2003 | pages: 132 pages

Municipal waste-water is the combination of liquid or water-carried wastes originating in the sanitary
conveniences of dwellings, commercial or industrial facilities and institutions, in addition to any
groundwater, surface water and storm water that may be present.
Untreated waste-water generally contains high levels of organic material, numerous pathogenic microorganisms,
as well as nutrients and toxic compounds. It thus entails environmental and health hazards, and,
consequently, must immediately be conveyed away from its generation sources and treated appropriately
before final disposal. The ultimate goal of waste-water management is the protection of the environment in a
manner commensurate with public health and socio-economic concerns.1
Due to the largely arid nature of the ESCWA member countries, waste-water treatment is of particular
concern to them. The first chapter of this study identifies and briefly describes typical contaminants found in
municipal waste-water. Chapter 2 extensively illustrates various waste-water treatment technologies.
Technical details on treatment methods and applications and sludge disposal are presented. chapter 3 goes on
to discuss the management of treated effluents and how they are reused and disposed of. Devices and
techniques used for instrumentation and control in waste-water treatment facilities are covered in chapter 4.
Chapter 5 is concerned with the economics of waste-water treatment, with details on installation and
operation costs for several treatment methods. Case studies on selected ESCWA member countries (Egypt,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon and Yemen) are presented in chapter 6. The case studies outline the current status
of each country with respect to its waste-water treatment efforts and look at its future plans for the
development of waste-water treatment facilities. Finally, chapter 7 contains a number of recommendations,
emphasizing in particular that more efforts are needed in the ESCWA region for the improvement of water
reuse through an integrated, multi-disciplinary water management strategy.

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